Effect of peripheral donor substituents on the binding modes of phosphinomethanide ligands. Synthesis and crystal structures of alkali metal derivatives of an O-functionalised phosphinomethanide ligand

Structural, Spectroscopic, and Computational Analysis of Heterometallic Thorium Phosphinidiide Complexes

To synthesize complexes with thorium-phosphorus multiple-bond character, reactions of (C₅Me₅)₂Th[P(H)Mes]₂ with monovalent alkali-metal bases, MN(SiMe₃)₂, as well as CuMes, have been investigated. The results with MN(SiMe₃)₂ are phosphinidiide complexes of the form {(C₅Me₅)₂Th[μ₂-P(Mes)][μ₂-P(H)Mes]M(L)_n}₂ (M = Na, n = 0; M = K, L = THF, n = 1; M = Rb, L = THF, n = 1; M = Cs, L = Et₂O, n = 1). With CuMes, the product is a Th₂Cu₃P₅ heterometallic structure, {(C₅Me₅)₂Th[(μ₂-P(H)Mes)P(Mes)]Cu}₂Cu[μ₂-P(H)Mes]. All complexes have been characterized using heteronuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and their solid-state structure identified by X-ray crystallography. We also report the structure of {(C₅Me₅)₂Th[(μ₂-As(H)Mes)As(Mes)]Cu}₂Cu[μ₂-As(H)Mes] obtained from (C₅Me₅)₂Th[As(H)Mes]₂ with CuMes.

Mixed donor-functionalised phosphinomethanide complexes of the alkali metals; synthesis, structures, and solution dynamics

The mixed donor tertiary phosphine {(Me(3)Si)(2)CH}P(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)NMe(2))(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)OMe) (11) is accessible via the stepwise addition of [Li(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)NMe(2))] followed by [Li(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)OMe)] to the dichlorophosphine {(Me(3)Si)(2)CH}PCl(2). Phosphine 11 is readily deprotonated by Bu(n)Li to give the lithium phosphinomethanide [[{(Me(3)Si)(2)C}P(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)NMe(2))(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)OMe)]Li] (15), which undergoes metathesis reactions with the alkoxides MOBu(t) [M = Na, K] to give the heavier alkali metal phosphinomethanides [[{(Me(3)Si)(2)C}P(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)NMe(2))(C(6)H(4)-2-CH(2)OMe)]M(L)(n)](x) in good yield [M = Na (12), (L)(n) = Et(2)O, x = 1; M = K (13), n = 0, x = 2]. Compounds 12 and 13 adopt monomeric and dimeric structures, respectively, in the solid state. Variable-temperature NMR studies indicate that compounds 12 and 13 are highly fluxional in solution; this fluxionality arises from a dynamic equilibrium between two conformers, which differ in the orientation of the aromatic rings of the ligand. The nature of these conformers and their relative energies have been probed by DFT calculations, which show the two principal conformers to differ in energy by just 1.6 kcal mol(-1). Calculation of the (1)H NMR shielding tensors using the GIAO method reveals that the low field chemical shifts of one benzylic and one aromatic proton in the ground state conformer are due to their close proximity to the carbanion centre.