1
|
Vallan L, Istif E, Gómez IJ, Alegret N, Mantione D. Thiophene-Based Trimers and Their Bioapplications: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1977. [PMID: 34208624 PMCID: PMC8234281 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Certainly, the success of polythiophenes is due in the first place to their outstanding electronic properties and superior processability. Nevertheless, there are additional reasons that contribute to arouse the scientific interest around these materials. Among these, the large variety of chemical modifications that is possible to perform on the thiophene ring is a precious aspect. In particular, a turning point was marked by the diffusion of synthetic strategies for the preparation of terthiophenes: the vast richness of approaches today available for the easy customization of these structures allows the finetuning of their chemical, physical, and optical properties. Therefore, terthiophene derivatives have become an extremely versatile class of compounds both for direct application or for the preparation of electronic functional polymers. Moreover, their biocompatibility and ease of functionalization make them appealing for biology and medical research, as it testifies to the blossoming of studies in these fields in which they are involved. It is thus with the willingness to guide the reader through all the possibilities offered by these structures that this review elucidates the synthetic methods and describes the full chemical variety of terthiophenes and their derivatives. In the final part, an in-depth presentation of their numerous bioapplications intends to provide a complete picture of the state of the art.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Vallan
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO—UMR 5629), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS F, 33607 Pessac, France;
| | - Emin Istif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
| | - I. Jénnifer Gómez
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Nuria Alegret
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniele Mantione
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Watpathomsub S, Luangchaiyaporn J, Sariciftci NS, Thamyongkit P. Efficient heterogeneous catalysis by pendant metalloporphyrin-functionalized polythiophenes for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pendant metalloporphyrin-functionalized polythiophenes serve as efficient catalysts for the practical heterogeneous electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide under ambient conditions in aqueous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supranee Watpathomsub
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | | | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University
- Linz 4040
- Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lisak G, Wagner K, Barnsley JE, Veksha A, Huff G, Elliott ABS, Wagner P, Gordon KC, Bobacka J, Wallace GG, Ivaska A, Officer DL. Application of terpyridyl ligands to tune the optical and electrochemical properties of a conducting polymer. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29505-29512. [PMID: 35547291 PMCID: PMC9085275 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05333b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a simple and effective way of using metal and metal–ligand modifications to tune the electrochemical and optical properties of conducting polymers. To that end, a polyterthiophene functionalized with terpyridine moieties was synthesized and then the resulting film's surface or bulk was modified with different metal ions, namely Fe2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ and terpyridine. The modification of the terpyridine functionalized polyterthiophene film by Fe2+ increased the absorptivity and electrochemical capacitance of the conducting polymer, and improved its conjugation. Further modification by Zn2+ and Cu2+ resulted in dramatically different spectroelectrochemical properties of the film. Moreover, the influence of the solvents (ACN and 1 : 1 ACN : H2O) in conjunction with the metal ion applied for the modification was found crucial for the electrochemical and optical properties of the films. We present a simple and effective way of using metal and metal–ligand modifications to tune the electrochemical and optical properties of conducting polymers.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Lisak
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
- Åbo Akademi University
- FIN-20500 Åbo-Turku
- Finland
| | - Klaudia Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- NSW 2522 Wollongong
- Australia
| | | | - Andrei Veksha
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute
- Singapore 637141
- Singapore
| | - Gregory Huff
- Chemistry Department
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
| | | | - Paweł Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- NSW 2522 Wollongong
- Australia
| | | | - Johan Bobacka
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
- Åbo Akademi University
- FIN-20500 Åbo-Turku
- Finland
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- NSW 2522 Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Ari Ivaska
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
- Åbo Akademi University
- FIN-20500 Åbo-Turku
- Finland
| | - David L. Officer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- NSW 2522 Wollongong
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takeuchi N, Tazawa S, Matsukawa K, Sugahara Y, Nakahodo T, Fujihara H. Synthesis of TiO2-Polythiophene Hybrid Nanotubes and Their Porphyrin Composites. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.161057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
5
|
Mishra E, Worlinsky JL, Brückner C, Ryzhov V. MS/MS fragmentation behavior study of meso-phenylporphyrinoids containing nonpyrrolic heterocycles and meso-thienyl-substituted porphyrins. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:18-29. [PMID: 24135805 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Free base and cobalt(II) complexes of six meso-tetraphenylporphyrinoids containing nonpyrrolic heterocycles and of three meso-thienylporphyrins were investigated using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Their fragmentation was studied in a quadrupole ion trap as a function of the porphyrinoid macrocycle structure and compared with the fragmentation behavior of the benchmark compound meso-tetraphenylporphyrin. In situ oxidation of the neutral cobalt(II) complexes under ESI conditions produced singly charged cobalt(III) porphyrinoid ions; the free bases were ionized by protonation. For the porphyrinoids with an intact porphyrin core, the major fragmentation pathways observed were the losses of the meso-substituent (for meso-phenyl groups) and characteristic fragmentations of one or more meso-substituents (for the meso-thienyl group). Complex fragmentation pathways were observed for porphyrinoids with modifications to the porphyrin core but chemically reasonable structures could be assigned to most fragments, thus delineating general patterns for the behavior of pyrrole-modified porphyrins under CID conditions. ᅟ
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Greco JA, Rossi A, Birge RR, Brückner C. A spectroscopic and theoretical investigation of a free-base meso-trithienylcorrole. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:402-14. [PMID: 24303811 DOI: 10.1111/php.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The unique optical properties of free-base meso-tris(5-methylthien-2-yl)corrole were compared to those of the widely investigated meso-triphenyl-substituted analogue. A combination of spectroscopic and computational experiments was undertaken to elucidate the relationship between structural features of the neutral, mono-anionic and mono-cationic forms of the corroles and their corresponding optical properties. A general bathochromic shift was measured for the thienyl-substituted corrole. The experimental spectra are supported by excited state calculations. A systematic series of ground state minimizations were performed to determine energy minima for the flexible and solvent-sensitive molecules. Trithienylcorrole was found to have a more nonplanar macrocycle in conjunction with a high degree of π-overlap with the meso-substituents. Both structural features contribute to their bathochromically shifted optical spectra. The configurational character of the thienyl-substituted corrole is shown to have a larger degree of molecular orbital mixing and doubly excited character, which suggest a more complex electronic structure that does not fully adhere to the Gouterman four-orbital model. The reactivity of the thienyl groups, particularly with respect to their ability to be (electro)-polymerized, combined with the tight coupling of the meso-thienyl groups with the corrole chromophore elucidated in this work, recommends the meso-thienylcorroles as building blocks in, for instance, organic semiconductor devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Greco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tao T, Ma BB, Peng YX, Wang XX, Huang W, You XZ. Asymmetrical/Symmetrical D−π–A/D−π–D Thiazole-Containing Aromatic Heterocyclic Fluorescent Compounds Having the Same Triphenylamino Chromophores. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8669-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401384g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of
Microstructures, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin-Bin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of
Microstructures, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of
Microstructures, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of
Microstructures, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of
Microstructures, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zeng You
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of
Microstructures, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tao T, Peng YX, Huang W, You XZ. Coplanar Bithiazole-Centered Heterocyclic Aromatic Fluorescent Compounds Having Different Donor/Acceptor Terminal Groups. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2472-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302706t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Zeng You
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pasunooti KK, Song JL, Chai H, Amaladass P, Deng WQ, Liu XW. Synthesis, characterization and application of trans-D–B–A-porphyrin based dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Boyle NM, Rochford J, Pryce MT. Thienyl—Appended porphyrins: Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties, and their applications. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
11
|
Zöllner MJ, Frähmcke JS, Elstner M, Jahn U, Jones PG, Becker E, Kowalsky W, Johannes HH. A New Synthetic Approach to Thiophene-Nickel(II)porphyrin Hybrid Molecules and their Electrochemical and Computational Investigation. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
12
|
Mishra A, Ma CQ, Bäuerle P. Functional Oligothiophenes: Molecular Design for Multidimensional Nanoarchitectures and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2009; 109:1141-276. [DOI: 10.1021/cr8004229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1228] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh Mishra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rochford J, Botchway S, McGarvey JJ, Rooney AD, Pryce MT. Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of meso-Substituted Thien-2-yl Zn(II) Porphyrins. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11611-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805809p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rochford
- School of Chemical Sciences, SRC for Solar Energy Conversion, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, and Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stanley Botchway
- School of Chemical Sciences, SRC for Solar Energy Conversion, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, and Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - John J. McGarvey
- School of Chemical Sciences, SRC for Solar Energy Conversion, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, and Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - A. Denise Rooney
- School of Chemical Sciences, SRC for Solar Energy Conversion, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, and Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Mary T. Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, SRC for Solar Energy Conversion, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, and Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Collis GE, Burrell AK, Blandford EJ, Officer DL. A modular procedure for the synthesis of functionalised β-substituted terthiophene monomers for conducting polymer applications. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Chen J, Tsekouras G, Officer D, Wagner P, Wang C, Too C, Wallace G. Novel fullerene-functionalised poly(terthiophenes). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
16
|
Brückner C, Foss PCD, Sullivan JO, Pelto R, Zeller M, Birge RR, Crundwell G. Origin of the bathochromically shifted optical spectra of meso-tetrathien-2′- and 3′-ylporphyrins as compared to meso-tetraphenylporphyrin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:2402-12. [PMID: 16710488 DOI: 10.1039/b600010j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra of free base and diprotonated meso-tetrathien-2'-ylporphyrins are, when compared to the spectra of meso-tetra-phenyl- or even -thien-3'-ylporphyrins, characterized by surprisingly large red-shifts. A comparison of the optical spectra and the computed rotational barriers for these meso-aryl-substituted porphyrins and a detailed conformational analysis of the single crystal X-ray structure of a diprotonated meso-tetrathien-2'-ylporphyrin suggest that the origin of the altered electronic properties of meso-tetrathien-2'-ylporphyrins are mainly due to the contribution of conformations in which the thienyl groups adopt idealized co-planar arrangements with the porphyrin ring. These conformations allow an efficient extension of the porphyrinic pi-system through conjugation. We synthesized a meso-tetrathien-2'-ylporphyrin with methyl groups in the o-position, thus preventing the formation of conformers with co-planar thienyl groups and a corresponding thien-2'-ylporphyrin with methyl substituents in a distal position that possesses the same steric requirements for thienyl group rotation as the parent compound, to conclusively deduce the influence of the conformers on the electronic structure. A MNDO-PSDCI computation of their optical spectra further supports our key hypothesis. DFT computations of the total energies of the hypothetical diprotonated thien-2'-ylporphyrin conformer with perpendicular thienyl groups and the conformer containing near-co-planar thienyl groups quantify the resonance stabilization energy. Our results support and complement recent photophysical and theoretical studies by Gupta and Ravikanth and Friedlein et al. on thien-2'-yl-substituted core-modified porphyrins and [meso-tetra(5'-bromothien-2'-yl)porphyrinato]Zn(ii), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269-3060, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|