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Heppe N, Gallenkamp C, Paul S, Segura-Salas N, von Rhein N, Kaiser B, Jaegermann W, Jafari A, Sergueev I, Krewald V, Kramm UI. Substituent Effects in Iron Porphyrin Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202465. [PMID: 36301727 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For a future hydrogen economy, non-precious metal catalysts for the water splitting reactions are needed that can be implemented on a global scale. Metal-nitrogen-carbon (MNC) catalysts with active sites constituting a metal center with fourfold coordination of nitrogen (MN4 ) show promising performance, but an optimization rooted in structure-property relationships has been hampered by their low structural definition. Porphyrin model complexes are studied to transfer insights from well-defined molecules to MNC systems. This work combines experiment and theory to evaluate the influence of porphyrin substituents on the electronic and electrocatalytic properties of MN4 centers with respect to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous electrolyte. We found that the choice of substituent affects their utilization on the carbon support and their electrocatalytic performance. We propose an HER mechanism for supported iron porphyrin complexes involving a [FeII (P⋅)]- radical anion intermediate, in which a porphinic nitrogen atom acts as an internal base. While this work focuses on the HER, the limited influence of a simultaneous interaction with the support and an aqueous electrolyte will likely be transferrable to other catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Heppe
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Charlotte Gallenkamp
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephen Paul
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nicole Segura-Salas
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Niklas von Rhein
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kaiser
- Institute of Materials Science, Surface Science Division, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfram Jaegermann
- Institute of Materials Science, Surface Science Division, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Atefeh Jafari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilya Sergueev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vera Krewald
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ulrike I Kramm
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Guergueb M, Loiseau F, Molton F, Nasri H, Klein A. CO 2 to CO Electroreduction, Electrocatalytic H 2 Evolution, and Catalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes Using a Co(II) meso-Tetraarylporphyrin. Molecules 2022; 27:1705. [PMID: 35268805 PMCID: PMC8912110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The meso-tetrakis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)porphyrinato cobalt(II) complex [Co(TMFPP)] was synthesised in 93% yield. The compound was studied by 1H NMR, UV-visible absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The optical band gap Eg was calculated to 2.15 eV using the Tauc plot method and a semiconducting character is suggested. Cyclic voltammetry showed two fully reversible reduction waves at E1/2 = -0.91 V and E1/2 = -2.05 V vs. SCE and reversible oxidations at 0.30 V and 0.98 V representing both metal-centred (Co(0)/Co(I)/Co(II)/Co(III)) and porphyrin-centred (Por2-/Por-) processes. [Co(TMFPP)] is a very active catalyst for the electrochemical formation of H2 from DMF/acetic acid, with a Faradaic Efficiency (FE) of 85%, and also catalysed the reduction of CO2 to CO with a FE of 90%. Moreover, the two triarylmethane dyes crystal violet and malachite green were decomposed using H2O2 and [Co(TMFPP)] as catalyst with an efficiency of more than 85% in one batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhieddinne Guergueb
- Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue de l’Environnement, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
| | - Frédérique Loiseau
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), CNRS UMR 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (F.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Florian Molton
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), CNRS UMR 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (F.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Habib Nasri
- Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue de l’Environnement, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
| | - Axel Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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Han J, Bai L, Luo S, Yang B, Bai Y, Zeng S, Zhang X. Ionic liquid cobalt complex as O2 carrier in the PIM-1 membrane for O2/N2 separation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Self-Assembled Nanoscaled Metalloporphyrin for Optical Detection of Dimethylmethylphosphonate. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7689183. [PMID: 31011578 PMCID: PMC6442447 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7689183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly approach has been widely adopted in the effort to design and prepare functional materials. Herein, we report the synthesis and optical properties of metalloporphyrin nanoparticles. Nanoscaled particles of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin manganese (MnTPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin indium (InTPP) were produced in the water/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) mixed solution by self-assembly approach. The absorbance intensity at the characteristic peak of the monomeric and nanoscaled metalloporphyrins decreased when they interact with dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP). Detection limits of MnTPP and InTPP nanoparticles to DMMP were 10−9 and 10−10 L/L, respectively, and detection limits of monomeric MnTPP and InTPP to DMMP were 10−6 and 10−7 L/L, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on MnTPP and InTPP with DMMP as axial ligands had been performed in the B3LYP/6-31g (d) approximation. Their optimized geometries and binding energies were found to depend very strongly on the central metal ion, and InTPP was more sensitive for DMMP detection in contract to MnTPP. All the experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that nanoscaled metalloporphyrin have potential prospects in determination for public safety.
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Soy RC, Babu B, Oluwole DO, Nwaji N, Oyim J, Amuhaya E, Prinsloo E, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic therapy activity of chloroindium(III) tetraarylporphyrins and their gold nanoparticle conjugates. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618501146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel chloroindium(III) complexes of tetra(4-methylthiophenyl)porphyrin (2a) and tetra-2-thienylporphyrin (2b) dyes have been synthesized and characterized. The main goal of the project was to identify fully symmetric porphyrin dyes with Q-band regions that lie partially in the therapeutic window that are suitable for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). 2a and 2b were found to have fluorescence quantum yield values [Formula: see text] 0.01 and moderately high singlet oxygen quantum yields (0.54−0.73) due to heavy atom effects associated with the sulfur and indium atoms. The dark toxicity and PDT activity against epithelial breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were investigated over a dose range of 3.0−40 [Formula: see text]g [Formula: see text] mL[Formula: see text]. The in vitro dark cytotoxicity of 2a is significantly lower than that of 2b at [Formula: see text] 40 [Formula: see text]g [Formula: see text] mL[Formula: see text]. 2a was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form a nanoconjugate (2a-AuNPs), which exhibited a higher singlet oxygen quantum yield ([Formula: see text] value and PDT activity than was observed for 2a alone. The results suggest that the AuNPs nanoconjugates of readily synthesized fully symmetric porphyrin dyes are potentially suitable for PDT applications, if meso-aryl substituents that provide scope for nanoparticle conjugation can be introduced that shift the Q bands into the therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodah C. Soy
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - David O. Oluwole
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Njemuwa Nwaji
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - James Oyim
- School of Pharmacy and Healthy Sciences, USIU-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Edith Amuhaya
- School of Pharmacy and Healthy Sciences, USIU-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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6
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Fabrication of a porphyrin-based electrochemical biosensor for detection of nitric oxide released by cancer cells. J Solid State Electrochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-014-2583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang Z, Suwabe T, Ishikawa M, Funahashi Y, Inomata T, Ozawa T, Masuda H. Highly selective binding of nitric oxide by CoIII and FeIII complexes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:4470-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32708b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Borgmann S, Schulte A, Neugebauer S, Schuhmann W. Amperometric Biosensors. ADVANCES IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527644117.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Intarakamhang S, Leson C, Schuhmann W, Schulte A. A novel automated electrochemical ascorbic acid assay in the 24-well microtiter plate format. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 687:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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HOMO based two electrons and one-electron oxidation in planar and nonplanar methoxy-substituted nickel tetraphenylporphyrins. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Heller A. The need for monitoring the actual nitric oxide concentration in tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 1:3-6. [PMID: 20234843 PMCID: PMC2837249 DOI: 10.1007/s12566-009-0003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The significance of the role of nitric oxide (NO) in cancer is evident from 1,100 publications on the subject; its triggering of apoptosis at high concentrations is documented in 300 publications. While aspects of the rate of generation of NO in tumors have been extensively studied, the rate of its removal from tumors has not been considered, even though it is the difference between the two rates that determines the all important steady-state NO concentration, and thus the likelihood of apoptosis-triggering. The rate of transport of NO scales with its concentration gradient at the interface between a neoplasm and the phase to which it diffuses, which can be air, fat, or blood. Diffusional loss of NO to air would explain the initial two-dimensionality of neoplasms of the skin and lung. The greater solubility of NO in lipids than in aqueous phases should cause its extraction by nearby fat, and would account for the positive correlation between obesity and the incidence of some cancers, such as cancers of the breast. And the rapid consumption of NO by red blood cells implies depletion of excess NO in tumors after they are vascularized: angiogenesis should blunt any apoptosis-triggering NO attack of the immune system. Thus, cancer research and the practice of oncology may benefit of in-tumor monitoring of the actual NO concentration. Miniature NO monitoring electrodes, that might serve the purpose, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Heller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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12
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Schwarz M, Speiser B. Combinatorial micro-electrochemistry. Part 5. Electrosynthesis screening of the electroreductive coupling of ,-unsaturated esters and allyl bromides in a room temperature ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Lange U, Roznyatovskaya NV, Mirsky VM. Conducting polymers in chemical sensors and arrays. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 614:1-26. [PMID: 18405677 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The review covers main applications of conducting polymers in chemical sensors and biosensors. The first part is focused on intrinsic and induced receptor properties of conducting polymers, such as pH sensitivity, sensitivity to inorganic ions and organic molecules as well as sensitivity to gases. Induced receptor properties can be also formed by molecularly imprinted polymerization or by immobilization of biological receptors. Immobilization strategies are reviewed in the second part. The third part is focused on applications of conducting polymers as transducers and includes usual optical (fluorescence, SPR, etc.) and electrical (conductometric, amperometric, potentiometric, etc.) transducing techniques as well as organic chemosensitive semiconductor devices. An assembly of stable sensing structures requires strong binding of conducting polymers to solid supports. These aspects are discussed in the next part. Finally, an application of combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput analysis to the development and optimization of sensing materials is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lange
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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14
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Potyrailo RA, Mirsky VM. Combinatorial and High-Throughput Development of Sensing Materials: The First 10 Years. Chem Rev 2008; 108:770-813. [DOI: 10.1021/cr068127f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Isik S, Schuhmann W. Detection of nitric oxide release from single cells by using constant-distance-mode scanning electrochemical microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:7451-4. [PMID: 17039552 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200601708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonnur Isik
- Analytische Chemie-Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, NC 04/788, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Combined Scanning Probe Techniques for In-Situ Electrochemical Imaging at a Nanoscale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-37316-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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19
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Isik S, Schuhmann W. Detektion der Ausschüttung von NO an einzelnen Zellen mit elektrochemischer Rastermikroskopie in konstantem Abstand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200601708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Borgmann S, Radtke I, Erichsen T, Blöchl A, Heumann R, Schuhmann W. Electrochemical High-Content Screening of Nitric Oxide Release from Endothelial Cells. Chembiochem 2006; 7:662-8. [PMID: 16518864 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200500399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Release of nitric oxide (NO) is of high importance for regulating endothelial cell functions during vasodilatation, vascular remodeling, and angiogenesis. Thus, a direct and reliable real-time method for NO detection that takes into account time-dependent variations of the NO concentration in the complex reaction within the diffusion zone above the cells is vital for obtaining information about the role of NO in intracellular endothelial signal transduction and its impact on the surrounding cells. In this study, the time course of vascular endothelial growth factor E (VEGF-E) stimulated NO release from transformed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (T-HUVEC) was investigated by means of metalloporphyrin-based NO sensors employed in an electrochemical robotic system. The NO sensor was obtained by electrochemically induced deposition of Ni(II) tetrakis(p-nitrophenylporphyrin) on a 50-microm diameter platinum disk electrode which was integrated, together with a 25-microm diameter platinum disk, in a double-barrel electrode arrangement. The second electrode was used as a guidance sensor for the automatic and highly reproducible positioning of the NO sensor at a known distance from a layer of adherently growing cells by using z-approach curves in the negative feedback mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The electrochemical robotic system allows the fully automated detection of NO with high sensitivity and selectivity to be performed in real time within 96-well microtiter plates. A functional cell assay was established to allow the standardized detection of NO released upon stimulation from T-HUVEC with a sensor positioned at a known distance above the endothelial cells. The overall system was evaluated by automatic detection of NO release from T-HUVEC upon stimulation with VEGF-E after incubation with a variety of drugs that are known to act on different sites in the complex signal-transduction pathway that finally invokes NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Borgmann
- Analytische Chemie-Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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