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Burgmayer SJN. Making Moco: A Personal History. Molecules 2023; 28:7296. [PMID: 37959716 PMCID: PMC10649979 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This contribution describes the path of my nearly forty-year quest to understand the special ligand coordinated to molybdenum and tungsten ions in their respective enzymes. Through this quest, I aimed to discover why nature did not simply use a methyl group on the dithiolene that chelates Mo and W but instead chose a complicated pyranopterin. My journey sought answers through the synthesis of model Mo compounds that allowed systematic investigations of the interactions between molybdenum and pterin and molybdenum and pterin-dithiolene and revealed special features of the pyranopterin dithiolene chelate bound to molybdenum.
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Sproules S, Eagle AA, George GN, White JM, Young CG. Mononuclear Sulfido-Tungsten(V) Complexes: Completing the Tp*MEXY (M = Mo, W; E = O, S) Series. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5189-5202. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Sproules
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Aston A. Eagle
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Graham N. George
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Jonathan M. White
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Charles G. Young
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G. Young
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsLa Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe University3086MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Salojärvi E, Peuronen A, Sillanpää R, Damlin P, Kivelä H, Lehtonen A. Aminobisphenolate supported tungsten disulphido and dithiolene complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:9409-16. [PMID: 25914124 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00995b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dioxotungsten(vi) complexes with tetradentate amino bisphenolates were converted into the corresponding Cs-symmetric amino bisphenolate disulphido complexes by a reaction with either Lawesson's reagent or P2S5. Further reaction with diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate leads to the formation of diamagnetic tungsten(iv) dithiolene compounds. The syntheses, crystal structures, spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of such disulphido and dithiolene complexes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Salojärvi
- Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
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5
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Basu P, Nieter Burgmayer SJ. Recent developments in the study of molybdoenzyme models. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:373-83. [PMID: 25578808 PMCID: PMC4336637 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, a plethora of crystal structures of molybdenum enzymes has appeared in the literature providing a clearer picture of the enzymatic active sites and increasing the challenge to chemists to develop accurate models for those sites. In this minireview we discuss the most recent model studies aimed to reproduce detailed features of the pterin-dithiolene ligand, both as the uncoordinated form and as a chelate coordinated to molybdenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282
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Yan Y, Chandrasekaran P, Mague JT, DeBeer S, Sproules S, Donahue JP. Redox-Controlled Interconversion between Trigonal Prismatic and Octahedral Geometries in a Monodithiolene Tetracarbonyl Complex of Tungsten. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:346-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201748v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, New Orleans,
Louisiana 70118-5698, United States
| | - Perumalreddy Chandrasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, New Orleans,
Louisiana 70118-5698, United States
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Joel T. Mague
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, New Orleans,
Louisiana 70118-5698, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36,
D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Stephen Sproules
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36,
D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- EPSRC National UK EPR Facility
and Service, Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - James P. Donahue
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, New Orleans,
Louisiana 70118-5698, United States
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7
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Matz KG, Mte RP, Rothstein R, Kirk ML, Nieter Burgmayer SJ. Study of molybdenum(4+) quinoxalyldithiolenes as models for the noninnocent pyranopterin in the molybdenum cofactor. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:9804-15. [PMID: 21894968 PMCID: PMC3268461 DOI: 10.1021/ic200783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A model system for the molybdenum cofactor has been developed that illustrates the noninnocent behavior of an N-heterocycle appended to a dithiolene chelate on molybdenum. The pyranopterin of the molybdenum cofactor is modeled by a quinoxalyldithiolene ligand (S(2)BMOQO) formed from the reaction of molybdenum tetrasulfide and quinoxalylalkyne. The resulting complexes TEA[Tp*MoX(S(2)BMOQO)] [1, X = S; 3, X = O; TEA = tetraethylammonium; Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate] undergo a dehydration-driven intramolecular cyclization within quinoxalyldithiolene, forming Tp*MoX(pyrrolo-S(2)BMOQO) (2, X = S; 4, X = O). 4 can be oxidized by one electron to produce the molybdenum(5+) complex 5. In a preliminary report of this work, evidence from X-ray crystallography, electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopies, and density functional theory (DFT) bonding calculations revealed that 4 possesses an unusual asymmetric dithiolene chelate with significant thione-thiolate character. The results described here provide a detailed description of the reaction conditions that lead to the formation of 4. Data from cyclic voltammetry, additional DFT calculations, and several spectroscopic methods (IR, electronic absorption, resonance Raman, and electron paramagnetic resonance) have been used to characterize the properties of members in this suite of five Mo(S(2)BMOQO) complexes and further substantiate the highly electron-withdrawing character of the pyrrolo-S(2)BMOQO ligand in 2, 4, and 5. This study of the unique noninnocent ligand S(2)BMOQO provides examples of the roles that the N-heterocycle pterin can play as an essential part of the molybdenum cofactor. The versatile nature of a dithiolene appended by heterocycles may aid in modulating the redox processes of the molybdenum center during the course of enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly G. Matz
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010
| | - Regina P. Mte
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001
| | - Rebecca Rothstein
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010
| | - Martin L. Kirk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001
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8
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Assessment of higher-order spin–orbit effects on electronic g-tensors of d 1 transition-metal complexes by relativistic two- and four-component methods. Theor Chem Acc 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-011-0951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Reinheimer EW, Olejniczak I, Łapiński A, Swietlik R, Jeannin O, Fourmigué M. Structural distortions upon oxidation in heteroleptic [Cp(2)W(dmit)] tungsten dithiolene complex: combined structural, spectroscopic, and magnetic studies. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:9777-87. [PMID: 20882972 DOI: 10.1021/ic1006296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Four different cation radical salts are obtained upon electrocrystallization of [Cp(2)W(dmit)] (dmit = 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolato) in the presence of the BF(4)(-), PF(6)(-), Br(-), and [Au(CN)(2)](-) anions. In these formally d(1) cations, the WS(2)C(2) metallacycle is folded along the S···S hinge to different extents in the four salts, an illustration of the noninnocent character of the dithiolate ligand. Structural characteristics and the charge distribution on atoms, for neutral and ionized complexes with various folding angles, were calculated using DFT methods, together with the normal vibrational modes and theoretical Raman spectra. Raman spectra of neutral complex [Cp(2)W(dmit)] and its salts formed with BF(4)(-), AsF(6)(-), PF(6)(-), Br(-), and [Au(CN)(2)](-) anions were measured using the red excitation (λ = 632.8 nm). A correlation between the folding angle of the metallacycle and the Raman spectroscopic properties is analyzed. The bands attributed to the C═C and C-S stretching modes shift toward higher and lower frequencies by about 0.3-0.4 cm(-1) deg(-1), respectively. The solid state structural and magnetic properties of the three salts are analyzed and compared with those of the corresponding molybdenum complexes. Temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility shows the presence of one-dimensional antiferromagnetic interactions in the BF(4)(-), PF(6)(-), and [Au(CN)(2)](-) salts, while an antiferromagnetic ground state is identified in the Br(-) salt below T(Néel) = 7 K. Interactions are systematically weaker in the tungsten salts than in the isostructural molybdenum analogs, a consequence of the decreased spin density on the dithiolene ligand in the tungsten complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Reinheimer
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes I & CNRS UMR 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
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Sugimoto H, Suyama K, Sugimoto K, Miyake H, Takahashi I, Hirota S, Itoh S. A New Class of Sulfido/Oxo(dithiolene)−Molybdenum(IV) Complexes Derived from Sulfido/Oxo-Bis(tetrasulfido)molybdenum(IV) Anions. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:10150-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800832a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Sugimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, Rigaku Corporation, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan, and Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Koichiro Suyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, Rigaku Corporation, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan, and Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Kunihisa Sugimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, Rigaku Corporation, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan, and Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, Rigaku Corporation, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan, and Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Isao Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, Rigaku Corporation, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan, and Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Shun Hirota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, Rigaku Corporation, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan, and Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Shinobu Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, Rigaku Corporation, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan, and Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
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11
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Young CG. Facets of early transition metal–sulfur chemistry: Metal–sulfur ligand redox, induced internal electron transfer, and the reactions of metal–sulfur complexes with alkynes. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 101:1562-85. [PMID: 17761291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Metal-sulfur ligand redox interplay, induced internal electron transfer reactions, and the generation of dithiolene and organosulfur ligands in the reactions of metal-sulfur compounds with alkynes are important and useful facets of early transition metal-sulfur chemistry. This review focuses on developments in these areas over the past 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Young
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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12
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Burgmayer SJN, Kim M, Petit R, Rothkopf A, Kim A, BelHamdounia S, Hou Y, Somogyi A, Habel-Rodriguez D, Williams A, Kirk ML. Synthesis, characterization, and spectroscopy of model molybdopterin complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 101:1601-16. [PMID: 17765313 PMCID: PMC3526349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of new model complexes for the molybdenum cofactor are reported. The new models are distinctive for the inclusion of pterin-substituted dithiolene chelates and have the formulation Tp(*)MoX(pterin-R-dithiolene) (Tp(*)=tris(3,5,-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate), X=O, S, R=aryl. Syntheses of Mo(4+) and (5+) complexes of two pterin-dithiolene derivatives as both oxo and sulfido compounds, and improved syntheses for pterinyl alkynes and [Et(4)N][Tp(*)Mo(IV)(S)S(4)] reagents are described. Characterization methods include electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, infrared spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance and magnetic circular dichroism. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that the Mo(5+/4+) reduction potential is intermediate between that for dithiolenes with electron-withdrawing substituents and simple dithiolates chelates. Electron paramagnetic resonance and magnetic circular dichroism of Mo(5+) complexes where X=O, R=aryl indicates that the molybdenum environment in the new models is electronically similar to that in Tp(*)MoO(benzenedithiolate).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
| | - Rebecca Petit
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
| | - Amy Rothkopf
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
| | - Alison Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
| | | | - Ying Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
| | - Arpad Somogyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041
| | - Diana Habel-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001
| | - Antonio Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001
| | - Martin L. Kirk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001
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13
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Chandrasekhar V, Thilagar P, Murugesa Pandian B. Cyclophosphazene-based multi-site coordination ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Drew SC, Hill JP, Lane I, Hanson GR, Gable RW, Young CG. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Multifrequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Mononuclear Thiomolybdenyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:2373-87. [PMID: 17343374 DOI: 10.1021/ic060585j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of Tp*MoVSCl2 with a variety of phenols and thiols in the presence of triethylamine produces mononuclear, thiomolybdenyl complexes Tp*MoVSX2 [Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate; X = 2-(ethylthio)phenolate (etp), 2-(n-propyl)phenolate (pp), phenolate; X2 = benzene-1,2-dithiolate (bdt), 4-methylbenzene-1,2-dithiolate (tdt), benzene-1,2-diolate (cat)]. The complexes have been characterized by microanalysis, mass spectrometry, IR, EPR, and UV-visible spectroscopic data, and X-ray crystallography (for the etp, pp, bdt, and cat derivatives). The mononuclear, six-coordinate, distorted-octahedral Mo centers are coordinated by terminal sulfido (MoS = 2.123(1)-2.1368(8) A), tridentate facial Tp*, and monodentate or bidentate O/S-donor ligands. Multifrequency (S-, X-, Q-band) EPR spectra of the complexes and selected molybdenyl analogues were acquired at 130 K and 295 K and yielded a spin Hamiltonian of Cs symmetry or lower, with gzz < gyy < gxx < ge and Az'z' > Ax'x' approximately Ay'y', and a noncoincidence angle in the range of beta = 24-39 degrees . Multifrequency EPR, especially at S-band, was found to be particularly valuable in the unambiguous assignment of the spin Hamiltonian parameters in these low-symmetry complexes. The weaker pi-donor terminal sulfido ligand yields a smaller SOMO-LUMO gap and reduced g-values for the thiomolybdenyl complexes compared with molybdenyl analogues, supporting existing crystallographic and EPR data for an apically coordinated oxo group in the active site of xanthine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Drew
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance and Centre for Metals in Biology, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
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El-khateeb M, Görls H, Weigand W. Cyclopentadienyl tungsten complexes with thiocarboxylate and thiosulfonate ligands: Structures of CpW(CO)3SCOPh and CpW(CO)3SSO2-4-C6H4Cl. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Garner D, McMaster J, Raven E, Walton P. Dalton Discussion No. 8. Metals: centres of biological activity. Dalton Trans 2005:3372-4. [PMID: 16234913 DOI: 10.1039/b513314a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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