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Hatch CE, Chain WJ. Electrochemically Enabled Total Syntheses of Natural Products. ChemElectroChem 2023; 10:e202300140. [PMID: 38106361 PMCID: PMC10723087 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques have helped to enable the total synthesis of natural products since the pioneering work of Kolbe in the mid 1800's. The electrochemical toolset grows every day and these new possibilities change the way chemists look at and think about natural products. This review provides a perspective on total syntheses wherein electrochemical techniques enabled the carbon─carbon bond formations in the skeletal assembly of important natural products, discussion of mechanistic details, and representative examples of the bond formations enabled over the last several decades. These bond formations are often distinctly different from those possible with conventional chemistries and allow assemblies complementary to other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Hatch
- Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E. 68 St., New York, NY, 10065 (United States)
| | - William J Chain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716 (United States)
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2
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Ou Y, Huang Y, Liu Y, Huo Y, Gao Y, Li X, Chen Q. Iron‐Catalyzed and Air‐Mediated C(
sp
3
)−H Phosphorylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Involving C−C Bond Cleavage. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingcong Ou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanting Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
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3
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Krishna Chaitanya N, Dinda S, Mainkar PS, Chandrasekhar S. Epoxy-Tethered Diels-Alder Reaction toward the Tricyclic Core of Kalihinols. Org Lett 2020; 22:3557-3560. [PMID: 32294388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A chiral-template-driven intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction has been used to build the tricyclic core of kalihinols, a group of antimalarial marine natural products. The key starting materials are commercially available nerol and sulcatone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prathama S Mainkar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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4
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Zhang ZJ, Yi D, Fu Q, Liang W, Chen SY, Yang L, Du FT, Ji JX, Wei W. Copper catalyzed one-pot synthesis of β-ketophosphine oxides from ketones and H-phosphine oxides. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Zheng Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Kang Sha
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC
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6
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Urabe D, Asaba T, Inoue M. Convergent Strategies in Total Syntheses of Complex Terpenoids. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9207-31. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500716f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Urabe
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taro Asaba
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Marković D, Kolympadi M, Deguin B, Porée FH, Turks M. The isolation and synthesis of neodolastane diterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:230-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This account summarises the progress in isolation, characterisation and synthesis of diterpenoids sharing a tricyclic neodolastane skeleton as well as their biogenetic origin and diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Marković
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
- U.M.R./C.N.R.S. 8638
- 75006 Paris
| | - Maria Kolympadi
- Department of Biotechnology
- University of Rijeka
- 51000 Rijeka
- Croatia
| | - Brigitte Deguin
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
- U.M.R./C.N.R.S. 8638
- 75006 Paris
| | - François-Hugues Porée
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
- U.M.R./C.N.R.S. 8638
- 75006 Paris
| | - Māris Turks
- Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry
- Riga Technical University
- Riga LV-1007
- Latvia
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8
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He J, Snapper ML. New cycloaddition/fragmentation strategies for preparing 5-7-5 and 5-7-6 fused tricyclic ring systems. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Williams DR, Pinchman JR. Studies of neodolastanes — Synthesis of the tricyclic core of the trichoaurantianolides. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/v2012-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies toward the synthesis of trichoaurantianolide C (5) are described. Stille cross-coupling reactions of (E)- and (Z)-β-stannyl-α,β-unsaturated esters with allylic acetate 32 provide for the stereocontrolled formation of nonconjugated 2,5-diene-1-ols. Studies of the asymmetric Sharpless epoxidation are utilized to establish diastereofacial selectivity for the preparation of a crucial C2 tertiary allylic alcohol for subsequent esterification and ring-closing metathesis. SmI2 reductive cyclization of the key butenolide precursor 49 led to formation of the central seven-membered ring of the tricyclic core of the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405-7102, USA
| | - Joseph R. Pinchman
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405-7102, USA
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Gampe CM, Carreira EM. Cyclohexyne cycloinsertion in the divergent synthesis of guanacastepenes. Chemistry 2012; 18:15761-71. [PMID: 23080228 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The guanacastepenes are a family of 15 diterpenes that share a common 5-6-7 tricyclic core, which is decorated with quaternary centers, unsaturation, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Some of these natural products show interesting antimicrobial potency. Their collective structural and biological features have stirred up vibrant activity among organic chemists. Herein, we disclose an account of our studies toward the synthesis of a number of guanacastepenes. The synthetic strategy relies on the use of cyclohexyne in a cycloinsertion reaction to rapidly construct the guanacastepene core. Isolation of a cyclobutenol as intermediate in the cyclohexyne cycloinsertion provided us with the possibility to study further the reactivity of this metastable compound, and we uncovered novel rearrangements and ring-opening reactions. Stereoselective, late-stage oxidative diversification of the carbon scaffold allowed the synthesis of guanacastepenes N and O and paved the way for the synthesis of guanacastepenes H and D.
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12
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Gampe CM, Carreira EM. Total syntheses of guanacastepenes N and O. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2962-5. [PMID: 21370370 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Michalak K, Michalak M, Wicha J. Construction of the Tricyclic 5−7−6 Scaffold of Fungi-Derived Diterpenoids. Total Synthesis of (±)-Heptemerone G and an Approach to Danishefsky’s Intermediate for Guanacastepene A Synthesis. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8337-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101758t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw 48, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw 48, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wicha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw 48, Poland
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Michalak K, Michalak M, Wicha J. A facile construction of the tricyclic 5-7-6 scaffold of fungi-derived diterpenoids. The first total synthesis of (±)-heptemerone G and a new approach to Danishefsky’s intermediate for a guanacastepene A synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Schwartz BD, Denton JR, Lian Y, Davies HML, Williams CM. Asymmetric [4 + 3] cycloadditions between vinylcarbenoids and dienes: application to the total synthesis of the natural product (-)-5-epi-vibsanin E. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8329-32. [PMID: 19445507 PMCID: PMC2717789 DOI: 10.1021/ja9019484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of (-)-5-epi-vibsanin E (2) has been achieved in 18 steps. The synthesis combines the rhodium-catalyzed [4 + 3] cycloaddition between a vinylcarbenoid and a diene to rapidly generate the tricyclic core with an effective end game strategy to introduce the remaining side-chains. The [4 + 3] cycloaddition occurs by a cyclopropanation to form a divinylcyclopropane followed by a Cope rearrangement to form a cycloheptadiene. The quaternary stereogenic center generated in the process can be obtained with high asymmetric induction when the reaction is catalyzed by the chiral dirhodium complex, Rh(2)(S-PTAD)(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D. Schwartz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justin R. Denton
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Yajing Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
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Malik CK, Yadav RN, Drew MGB, Ghosh S. Synthesis of Fused Cyclic Systems Containing Medium-Sized Rings through Tandem ROM-RCM of Norbornene Derivatives Embedded in a Carbohydrate Template. J Org Chem 2009; 74:1957-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802077t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal K. Malik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Ram Naresh Yadav
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G. B. Drew
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
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18
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Michalak K, Michalak M, Wicha J. A synthetic approach to the functionalized hydroazulene core of guanacastepenes and heptemerenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Terpenes represent one of the largest and most diverse classes of secondary metabolites, with over 55,000 members isolated to date. The terpene cyclase enzymes used in nature convert simple, linear hydrocarbon phosphates into an exotic array of chiral, carbocyclic skeletons. Further oxidation and rearrangement results in an almost endless number of conceivable structures. The enormous structural diversity presented by this class of natural products ensures a broad range of biological properties-ranging from anti-cancer and anti-malarial activities to tumor promotion and ion-channel binding. The marked structural differences of terpenes also largely thwart the development of any truly general strategies for their synthetic construction. This review focuses on synthetic strategies directed toward some of the most complex, biologically relevant terpenes prepared by total synthesis within the past decade. Of crucial importance are both the obstacles that modern synthetic chemists must confront when trying to construct such natural products and the key chemical transformations and strategies that have been developed to meet these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Malik CK, Ghosh S. Domino Metathesis Involving ROM-RCM of Substituted Norbornenes. Rapid Access to Densely Functionalized Tricyclic Bridged and Condensed Ring Systems. Org Lett 2007; 9:2537-40. [PMID: 17536812 DOI: 10.1021/ol070906a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Domino metathesis involving ROM-RCM of appropriately constructed norbornene derivatives having multiple alkene chains leads to direct access of highly functionalized bridged tricyclic compounds while that of a compound having two norbornene units tethered through one carbon produces a linearly arrayed condensed tricyclic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal K Malik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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McGowan CA, Schmieder AK, Roberts L, Greaney MF. Synthesis of the guanacastepene A–B hydrazulene ring system through photochemical ring transposition. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1522-4. [PMID: 17571179 DOI: 10.1039/b704865c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The A-B hydrazulene ring system of the guanacastepenes has been synthesised using a photochemical ring transposition of a 6-6 bicycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A McGowan
- University of Edinburgh, School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, King's Buildings, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh, UKEH9 3JJ
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Iimura S, Overman LE, Paulini R, Zakarian A. Enantioselective total synthesis of guanacastepene N using an uncommon 7-endo Heck cyclization as a pivotal step. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:13095-101. [PMID: 17017789 PMCID: PMC3804222 DOI: 10.1021/ja0650504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A convergent, enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-guanacastepene N was developed that features a 7-endo Heck cyclization as the key step. In the course of this synthesis, short syntheses of the enantiomerically pure cyclopentenone and cyclohexene building blocks 5 and 6, which constitute A and C ring fragments of guanacastepene N, were developed. These fragments were linked by a challenging conjugate addition reaction that also generated the C11 quaternary carbon stereocenter. Regioselective 7-endo Heck cyclization gave rise to a tricyclic intermediate, which was elaborated to complete the first total synthesis of guanacastepene N and the second enantioselective total synthesis of a guanacastepene natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Ralph Paulini
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and structures of diterpenoids, including labdanes, clerodanes,pimaranes, abietanes, kauranes, cembranolides, taxanes and marine diterpenoids. The literature from January to December 2005 is reviewed, and 195 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
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Mehta G, Lakshminath S. Synthetic studies towards the novel diterpenoid rameswaralide: RCM mediated acquisition of the tricyclic core. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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