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Hammouda MM, Elattar KM, Rashed MM, Osman AMA. Synthesis, biological activities, and future perspectives of steroidal monocyclic pyridines. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1934-1972. [PMID: 37859725 PMCID: PMC10583814 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00411b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroidal pyridines are a class of compounds that have been the subject of extensive research in recent years due to their potential biological activities. The introduction of a pyridine ring into the steroid skeleton can significantly alter the chemical and biological properties of the compound, making it more potent and/or selective for a particular target. Different synthetic methods have been developed for the preparation of steroidal pyridines. This review provides an overview of the synthesis, biological activities, and future perspectives of steroidal monocyclic dihydropyridines, tetrahydropyridines, and pyridines from 2005 to the present. The different synthetic methods that have been developed for the preparation of these steroids are discussed, as well as the proposed mechanisms and the biological activities that have been reported. Finally, the potential of steroidal monocyclic pyridines for the development of new drugs is discussed. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the field of steroidal monocyclic pyridines for researchers and scientists who are interested in this area of research. It is also hoped that this review will stimulate further research into the synthesis and biological activities of steroidal pyridines to develop new and improved drugs for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
| | - Marwa M Rashed
- Toxicology Department, Mansoura Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Amany M A Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University Shebin El-Koam Egypt
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2
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Mistry S, Singh AK. Synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of new steroidal hydrazone derivatives. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
For many years, various drugs have been used for the treatment of infectious diseases but some bacterial microorganisms have induced resistance to several drugs. In a search of new antimicrobial agents, a series of new steroidal hydrazones were designed and synthesized.
Result
The structures of the compounds were established based on the spectral data. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of some newly synthesized compounds against bacteria and fungi was studied.
Conclusion
New compounds showed better or similar antimicrobial activity. Designing more efficient steroidal hydrazones from ketosteroid based on the current study may successfully lead to the development of antimicrobial agent.
Graphical abstract
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3
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Synthesis, antioxidant, and antiviral properties of pyrimidinylsulfamoyl azolyl acetamides. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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4
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Zhang YL, Li YF, Shi XL, Yu B, Shi YK, Liu HM. Solvent-free synthesis of novel steroidal 2-aminopyridines. Steroids 2016; 115:147-153. [PMID: 27639101 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel steroidal 3-cyano-2-aminopyridines using enaminonitrile and various primary amines was established under solvent-free condition. Structures of the new compounds were characterized by MS, 1H and 13C NMR data and the structure of 2-aminopyridine of the product 5b was further confirmed by X-ray analysis. The reaction mechanism was proposed on the basis of the key intermediate obtained. The adjacent amine and nitrile groups existed in the final products have the potential for late stage functionalization, which would provide efficient access to steroidal compound collections with structural diversity and complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, No. 100, KeXue DaDao, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan Province 461000, PR China
| | - Ya-Fei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, No. 100, KeXue DaDao, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, No. 100, KeXue DaDao, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, No. 100, KeXue DaDao, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yun-Kai Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, No. 100, KeXue DaDao, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, No. 100, KeXue DaDao, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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5
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Cui J, Liu L, Zhao D, Gan C, Huang X, Xiao Q, Qi B, Yang L, Huang Y. Synthesis, characterization and antitumor activities of some steroidal derivatives with side chain of 17-hydrazone aromatic heterocycle. Steroids 2015; 95:32-8. [PMID: 25578734 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Here a series of dehydroepiandrosterone-17-hydrazone and estrone-17-hydrazone derivatives possessing various aromatic heterocycle structures in 17-side chain of their steroidal nucleus were synthesized and their structures were evaluated. The antiproliferative activity of synthesized compounds against some cancer cells was investigated. The results have demonstrated that some dehydroepiandrosterone-17-hydrazone derivatives show distinct antiproliferative activity against some cancer cells through inducing cancer cell apoptosis, and compound 8 with a quinoline structure in 17-side chain displays excellent antiproliferative activity in vitro against SGC 7901 cancer cell (human gastric carcinoma) with an IC50 value of 1 μM. In addition, estrone-17-hydrazone derivatives having a key feature of indole group in the structure showed a special obvious cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, but almost inactive against other cells. The information obtained from the studies is valuable for the design of novel steroidal chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Cui
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Sichuan Welltzpharm Inc. Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Chunfang Gan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Binbin Qi
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yanmin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China.
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Zhang BL, Song LX, Li YF, Li YL, Guo YZ, Zhang E, Liu HM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of dehydroepiandrosterone-fused thiazole, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, pyridine steroidal analogues. Steroids 2014; 80:92-101. [PMID: 24355392 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of steroidal[17,16-d]thiazole, steroidal[1,2-b]pyridine and steroidal[17,16-d]thiazole[2,1-b]imidazo products were synthesized through a convenient and productive method. Anti-proliferation activity against EC109 (human esophageal carcinoma), EC9706 (human esophageal carcinoma) and MGC-803 (human gastric carcinoma) cell lines was examined in vitro. Among the screened compounds, several highly potential compounds were located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Le Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and New Drug Research & Development Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Li-Xing Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and New Drug Research & Development Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Ya-Fei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and New Drug Research & Development Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yi-Lei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and New Drug Research & Development Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Ya-Zhuo Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and New Drug Research & Development Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - En Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and New Drug Research & Development Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and New Drug Research & Development Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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Zhang BL, Zhang E, Pang LP, Song LX, Li YF, Yu B, Liu HM. Design and synthesis of novel D-ring fused steroidal heterocycles. Steroids 2013; 78:1200-8. [PMID: 23911850 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Using dehydroepiandrosterone as the starting material, we have synthesized a series of steroid analogs possessing a D-ring fused with heterocycles which are pyridine, imidazo [2,1-b]thiazoles or substituted thiazole imines. All the final structures are first reported and identified by NMR and MS spectroscopys, the yields of these products are moderate to good and the reaction conditions are mild. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds against EC-109(human esophageal carcinoma), EC-9706(human esophageal carcinoma), MGC-803(human gastric carcinoma) were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Le Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and New Drug Research & Development Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
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8
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Kotora M, Hessler F, Eignerová B. Transition‐Metal‐Mediated or ‐Catalyzed Syntheses of Steroids and Steroid‐Like Compounds. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kotora
- Dept. of Organic and Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12843 Praha 2, Czech Republic, Fax: +420‐221‐951‐326
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Hessler
- Dept. of Organic and Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12843 Praha 2, Czech Republic, Fax: +420‐221‐951‐326
| | - Barbara Eignerová
- Dept. of Organic and Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12843 Praha 2, Czech Republic, Fax: +420‐221‐951‐326
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Huang Y, Cui J, Chen S, Gan C, Zhou A. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of some steroidal lactams. Steroids 2011; 76:1346-50. [PMID: 21767556 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Using cholesterol as starting material, a series of 6-substituted-3-aza-A-homo-3-oxycholestanes and 6-substituted-4-aza-A-homo-3-oxycholestanes were synthesized by the oxidation, reduction, oximation, Beckman rearrangement and condensation reaction. These synthesized compounds displayed a distinct cytotoxicity against MGC 7901, HeLa and SMMC 7404 cancer cells. Our results revealed that the structures of functional groups at position-6 on the steroidal ring are crucial for the IC(50) value of antiproliferative activities of these compounds and the cytotoxic activity against MGC 7901 and SMMC 7404 cells was not significantly different between 4-N-lactams and 3-N-lactams when its 6-substituted group was a carbonyl or a hydroximino, but all 3-N-lactams showed a higher cytotoxicity against HeLa cells than 4-N-lactams. In particular, compounds 6, 8, 9 (IC(50)6: 6.5 μmol/L; 8: 7.7 μmol/L; 9: 5.6 μmol/L) were even more cytotoxic than cisplatin to HeLa cells (positive contrast, 10.1 μmol/L). The information obtained from the studies may be useful for the design of novel chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
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Synthesis, structural characterization and catalytic activity study of Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of quinoxaline-2-carboxalidine-2-amino-5-methylphenol: Crystal structure of the nickel(II) complex. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Roy A, Roberts FG, Wilderman PR, Zhou K, Peters RJ, Coates RM. 16-Aza-ent-beyerane and 16-Aza-ent-trachylobane: potent mechanism-based inhibitors of recombinant ent-kaurene synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:12453-60. [PMID: 17892288 PMCID: PMC3714097 DOI: 10.1021/ja072447e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The secondary ent-beyeran-16-yl carbocation (7) is a key branch point intermediate in mechanistic schemes to rationalize the cyclic structures of many tetra- and pentacyclic diterpenes, including ent-beyerene, ent-kaurene, ent-trachylobane, and ent-atiserene, presumed precursors to >1000 known diterpenes. To evaluate these mechanistic hypotheses, we synthesized the heterocyclic analogues 16-aza-ent-beyerane (12) and 16-aza-ent-trachylobane (13) by means of Hg(II)- and Pb(IV)-induced cyclizations onto the Delta12 double bonds of tricyclic intermediates bearing carbamoylmethyl and aminomethyl groups at C-8. The 13,16-seco-16-norcarbamate (20a) was obtained from ent-beyeran-16-one oxime (17) by Beckmann fragmentation, hydrolysis, and Curtius rearrangement. The aza analogues inhibited recombinant ent-kaurene synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana (GST-rAtKS) with inhibition constants (IC50 = 1 x 10-7 and 1 x 10-6 M) similar in magnitude to the pseudo-binding constant of the bicyclic ent-copalyl diphosphate substrate (Km = 3 x 10-7 M). Large enhancements of binding affinities (IC50 = 4 x 10-9 and 2 x 10-8 M) were observed in the presence of 1 mM pyrophosphate, which is consistent with a tightly bound ent-beyeranyl+/pyrophosphate- ion pair intermediate in the cyclization-rearrangement catalyzed by this diterpene synthase. The weak inhibition (IC50 = 1 x 10-5 M) exhibited by ent-beyeran-16-exo-yl diphosphate (11) and its failure to undergo bridge rearrangement to kaurene appear to rule out the covalent diphosphate as a free intermediate. 16-Aza-ent-beyerane is proposed as an effective mimic for the ent-beyeran-16-yl carbocation with potential applications as an active site probe for the various ent-diterpene cyclases and as a novel, selective inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Roy
- Albany Molecular Sciences, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Frank G. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, IL 61801
| | - P. Ross Wilderman
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Ke Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Reuben J. Peters
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Robert M. Coates
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, IL 61801
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Abstract
This article reviews the progress in the chemistry of the steroids that was published between January and December 2005. The reactions and partial synthesis of estrogens, androgens, pregnanes, bile acid derivatives, cholestanes and vitamin D analogues are covered. There are 139 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
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