1
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Alikhani ME, Madebène B, Silvi B. Microsolvation of cobalt, nickel, and copper atoms with ammonia: a theoretical study of the solvated electron precursors. J Mol Model 2024; 30:220. [PMID: 38902588 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The s-block metals dissolved in ammonia form metal-ammonia complexes with diffuse electrons which could be used for redox catalysis. In this theoretical paper, we investigated the possibility of the d-bloc transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) solvated by ammonia. It has been demonstrated that both Mn and Fe atoms undergo into an oxidative reaction with NH3 forming an inserted species, HMNH2. On the contrary, the Co, Ni, and Cu atoms can accommodate four NH3, via the coordination bond, to form the first solvation sphere within C2v, D2d, and Td point groups, respectively. Addition of a fifth NH3 constitute the second solvation shell by forming hydrogen bond with the other NH3s. Interestingly, M(NH3)4 (M = Co, Ni, and Cu) is a so-called solvated electron precursor and should be considered as a monocation M(NH3)4+ kernel in tight contact with one electron distributed over its periphery. This nearly free electron could be used to capture a CO2 molecule and engages in a reduction reaction. METHODS Geometry optimization of the stationary points on the potential energy surface was performed using density functional theory - CAM-B3LYP functional including the GD3BJ dispersion contribution - in combination with the 6-311 + + G(2d, 2p) basis set for all the atoms. All first-principles calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09 quantum chemical packages. The natural electron configuration of transition atom engaged in the compounds has been found using the natural bond orbital (NBO) method. We used the EDR (electron delocalization range) approach to analyze the structure of solvated electrons in real space. We also used the electron localization function (ELF) to measure the degree of electronic localization within a chemical compound. The EDR and ELF analyses are done using the TopMod and Multiwfn packages, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Madebène
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, MONARIS, UMR8233, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Silvi
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, LCT, UMR7616, F-75005, Paris, France
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2
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Hart CA, Schlimgen AW, Dao DB, Head-Marsden K, Mabbs R. The overlooked role of excited anion states in NiO2- photodetachment. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044304. [PMID: 38258918 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodetachment spectra of anionic species provide significant insights into the energies and nature of ground and excited states of both the anion and resultant neutral molecules. Direct detachment of the excess electron to the continuum may occur via formally allowed or forbidden transitions (perhaps as the result of intensity borrowing through vibronic coupling). However, alternate indirect pathways are also possible and often overlooked. Here, we report a two-dimensional photoelectron spectral study, combined with correlated electronic structure calculations, to elucidate the nature of photodetachment from NiO2-. The spectra are comprised of allowed and forbidden transitions, in excellent agreement with previously reported slow electron velocity mapped imaging spectra of the same system, which were interpreted in terms of direct detachment. In the current work, the contributions of indirect processes are revealed. Measured oscillations in the branching ratios of the spectral channels clearly indicate non-direct detachment processes, and the electronic structure calculations suggest that excited states of the appropriate symmetry and degeneracy lie slightly above the neutral ground state. Taken together, the results suggest that the origin of the observed forbidden transitions is the result of anion excited states mediating the electron detachment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Annie Hart
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - Anthony W Schlimgen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - Diep Bich Dao
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - Kade Head-Marsden
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - Richard Mabbs
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
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3
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Babin MC, DeWitt M, Lau JA, Weichman ML, Kim JB, Cheng L, Neumark DM. Photoelectron spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled NiO 2-via slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17496-17503. [PMID: 35822608 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02396b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution anion photoelectron spectra of cryogenically cooled NiO2- anions, obtained using slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging (cryo-SEVI), are presented in tandem with coupled cluster electronic structure calculations including relativistic effects. The experimental spectra encompass the X̃1Σg+ ← X̃2Πg, ã3Πg ← X̃2Πg, and Ã1Πg ← X̃2Πg photodetachment transitions of linear ONiO0/-, revealing previously unobserved vibrational structure in all three electronic bands. The high-resolution afforded by cryo-SEVI allows for the extraction of vibrational frequencies for each state, consistent with those previously measured in the ground state and in good agreement with scalar-relativistic coupled-cluster calculations. Previously unobserved vibrational structure is observed in the ã3Πg and Ã1Πg states and is tentatively assigned. Further, a refined electron affinity of 3.0464(7) eV for NiO2 is obtained as well as precise term energies for the ã and à states of NiO2 of 0.3982(7) and 0.7422(10) eV, respectively. Numerous Franck-Condon forbidden transitions involving the doubly degenerate ν2 bending mode are observed and ascribed to Herzberg-Teller coupling to an excited electronic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Babin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Martin DeWitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Jascha A Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Marissa L Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Jongjin B Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. .,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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4
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Hübner O, Himmel H. The Dioxygen Complexes of VO
2. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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5
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Chew J, Zhu L, Nielsen S, Graber E, Mitchell DRG, Horvat J, Mohammed M, Liu M, van Zwieten L, Donne S, Munroe P, Taherymoosavi S, Pace B, Rawal A, Hook J, Marjo C, Thomas DS, Pan G, Li L, Bian R, McBeath A, Bird M, Thomas T, Husson O, Solaiman Z, Joseph S, Fan X. Biochar-based fertilizer: Supercharging root membrane potential and biomass yield of rice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136431. [PMID: 31958720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar-based compound fertilizers (BCF) and amendments have proven to enhance crop yields and modify soil properties (pH, nutrients, organic matter, structure etc.) and are now in commercial production in China. While there is a good understanding of the changes in soil properties following biochar addition, the interactions within the rhizosphere remain largely unstudied, with benefits to yield observed beyond the changes in soil properties alone. We investigated the rhizosphere interactions following the addition of an activated wheat straw BCF at an application rates of 0.25% (g·g-1 soil), which could potentially explain the increase of plant biomass (by 67%), herbage N (by 40%) and P (by 46%) uptake in the rice plants grown in the BCF-treated soil, compared to the rice plants grown in the soil with conventional fertilizer alone. Examination of the roots revealed that micron and submicron-sized biochar were embedded in the plaque layer. BCF increased soil Eh by 85 mV and increased the potential difference between the rhizosphere soil and the root membrane by 65 mV. This increased potential difference lowered the free energy required for root nutrient accumulation, potentially explaining greater plant nutrient content and biomass. We also demonstrate an increased abundance of plant-growth promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere. We suggest that the redox properties of the biochar cause major changes in electron status of rhizosphere soils that drive the observed agronomic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkiat Chew
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Longlong Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaun Nielsen
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ellen Graber
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Centre, Agricultural Research Organization, POB 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - David R G Mitchell
- Electron Microscopy Centre, AIIM Building, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2517, Australia
| | - Joseph Horvat
- ISEM and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Mohanad Mohammed
- ISEM and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Minglong Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lukas van Zwieten
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
| | - Scott Donne
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Paul Munroe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sarasadat Taherymoosavi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ben Pace
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Aditya Rawal
- NMR Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James Hook
- NMR Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chris Marjo
- Solid State & Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Donald S Thomas
- Solid State & Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Genxing Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lianqing Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongjun Bian
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Anna McBeath
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns 4870, Australia
| | - Michael Bird
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns 4870, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Olivier Husson
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, F-34398 Montpellier, France; AIDA, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; Africa Rice Centre, 01 BP 2551, Bouaké 01, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Zakaria Solaiman
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Stephen Joseph
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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6
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Catoire L. Detailed Chemical Kinetic Models for Nanothermites Combustion. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201800115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Catoire
- UCPENSTA ParisTech 828, boulevard des Maréchaux 91762 Palaiseau cedex France
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7
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Hübner O, Himmel HJ. Metal Cluster Models for Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Matrix-Isolation Perspective. Chemistry 2018; 24:8941-8961. [PMID: 29457854 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal cluster models are of high relevance for establishing new mechanistic concepts for heterogeneous catalysis. The high reactivity and particular selectivity of metal clusters is caused by the wealth of low-lying electronically excited states that are often thermally populated. Thereby the metal clusters are flexible with regard to their electronic structure and can adjust their states to be appropriate for the reaction with a particular substrate. The matrix isolation technique is ideally suited for studying excited state reactivity. The low matrix temperatures (generally 4-40 K) of the noble gas matrix host guarantee that all clusters are in their electronic ground-state (with only a very few exceptions). Electronically excited states can then be selectively populated and their reactivity probed. Unfortunately, a systematic research in this direction has not been made up to date. The purpose of this review is to provide the grounds for a directed approach to understand cluster reactivity through matrix-isolation studies combined with quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Wang C, Jian J, Li ZH, Chen M, Wang G, Zhou M. Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of the Ni(O2)n+ (n = 2–4) Cation Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9286-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry,
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiwen Jian
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry,
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhen Hua Li
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry,
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mohua Chen
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry,
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry,
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry,
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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9
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Vogiatzis KD, Li Manni G, Stoneburner SJ, Ma D, Gagliardi L. Systematic Expansion of Active Spaces beyond the CASSCF Limit: A GASSCF/SplitGAS Benchmark Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:3010-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos D. Vogiatzis
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Giovanni Li Manni
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Samuel J. Stoneburner
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Dongxia Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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10
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Himmel HJ. Guanidinyl-Functionalized Aromatic Compounds (GFAs) - Charge and Spin Density Studies as Starting Points for the Development of a New Class of Redox-active Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201200496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Hübner O, Himmel HJ. Cyclic and linear NiO2: a multireference configuration interaction study. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9181-8. [PMID: 22928889 DOI: 10.1021/jp306421x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Linear (ONiO) and triangular (Ni(O2))isomers of NiO2 are investigated by multiconfiguration self-consistent field (MCSCF) and multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) calculations. For ONiO, the ground electronic term is a 1Σg+ term. The lower-lying excited terms are 3Πg, 1Πg, and 5Πu at relative energies of 0.55, 0.95, and 1.20eV, respectively. For Ni(O2), the ground electronic term is a1A1 term with an energy of 1.53 eV with respect to the ONiO ground state. Lower-lying excited terms are 5B2, 5A1, and 3B2 at 0.58, 0.62, and 0.73 eV with respect to the 1A1 state, respectively.A transition structure between the ground states of both isomers has been located with an energy of 2.76 eV above the ONiO ground state. For the fragmentation Ni(O2) → Ni + O2 the (electronic) reaction energy is estimated to 1.15 eV. The wave function based results demonstrate the failure of previous density functional investigations and emphasize the importance of a multireference treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Dibble CJ, Akin ST, Ard S, Fowler CP, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Cobalt and Nickel Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:5398-404. [DOI: 10.1021/jp302560p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Dibble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - S. T. Akin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - S. Ard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - C. P. Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
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13
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Sivaramakrishna A, Clayton HS, Muralikrishna U. Synthesis, structure, chemistry, and applications of tetravalent nickel complexes. J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.568614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akella Sivaramakrishna
- a Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences , VIT University , Vellore 632 014 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | | | - Upadhyayula Muralikrishna
- c Department of Engineering Chemistry , Andhra University , Visakhapatnam 530 003 , Andhra Pradesh , India
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14
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Davlyatshin DI, Serebrennikov LV, Golovkin AV. Small nickel clusters: Two low-lying Ni3 states. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024409120152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Souvi SM, Berkaïne N, Alikhani ME, Manceron L. Neon-matrix spectroscopic and theoretical studies of the reactivity of titanium dimer with diatomic ligands: comparison of reactions with nitrogen and carbon monoxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:9831-9. [PMID: 19851563 DOI: 10.1039/b910056c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of diatomic titanium with molecular carbon monoxide has been investigated in solid neon at very low temperature. In contrast to the spontaneous reaction observed between Ti(2) and N(2), our results show that the formation of dititanium oxycarbide (OTi(2)C) from the condensation of effusive beams of Ti and CO in neon matrices involves several intermediate steps including one metastable intermediate. In the absence of electronic excitation, only formation of a Ti(2)(CO) complex occurs spontaneously during the reaction at 9 K of ground state Ti(2) and CO, as reported in solid argon by Xu, Jiang and Tsumori (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2005, 44, 4338). However, during deposition or following electronic excitation, this species rearranges into a new species: the more stable, OTi(2)C oxycarbide form. Several low-lying excited states of OTi(2)C are also observed between 0.77 and 0.89 eV above the ground state, leading to a complex sequence of interacting vibronic transitions, merging into a broad continuum above 1 eV. Observations of Ti(2)(12)C(16)O, Ti(2)(13)C(16)O and Ti(2)(12)C(18)O and natural titanium isotopic data enable the identification of four fundamental vibrations in the ground electronic state and two others in the first two excited states. Quantum chemical calculations predict an open-shell (1)A(g) ground state with Ti-C and Ti-O distances close to 184 pm, and 91 degrees for the TiCTi and TiOTi bond angles, and give fundamental frequencies in good agreement with observation. The reaction paths of the Ti(2) + N(2) --> Ti(2)N(2) and Ti(2) + CO --> Ti(2)(CO) --> OTi(2)C have been investigated and a reaction scheme is proposed accounting for the similarities in nature and properties of the final products, as well as explaining the observation of a coordination complex with Ti(2) only in the case of the carbonyl ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Souvi
- Laboratoire de Dynamique, Interactions et Réactivité, UMR 7075 CNRS/UPMC, Université P. et M. Curie, Case courrier 49, bâtiment F74, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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16
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Gong Y, Zhou M, Andrews L. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of Transition Metal Oxides and Dioxygen Complexes. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6765-808. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900185x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
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17
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On the performance of the hybrid TPSS meta-GGA functional to study the singlet open-shell structures: A combined theoretical and experimental investigations of the Ni2O2 molecule. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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19
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Gong Y, Wang G, Zhou M. Formation and Characterization of Mononuclear and Dinuclear Manganese Oxide-Dioxygen Complexes in Solid Argon. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:4936-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800955e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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20
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Uzunova EL, Mikosch H, Nikolov GS. Electronic structure of oxide, peroxide, and superoxide clusters of the 3d elements: A comparative density functional study. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:094307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2831583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and theoretical study of noble gas coordinated dipalladium–dioxygen complexes. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhao Y, Gong Y, Zhou M. Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of NgMO (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe; M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:10777-82. [PMID: 16970371 DOI: 10.1021/jp064100o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and quantum chemical calculation results indicate that late transition metal monoxides CrO through NiO coordinate one noble gas atom in forming the NgMO complexes (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe; M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) in solid noble gas matrixes. Hence, the late transition metal monoxides previously characterized in solid noble gas matrixes should be regarded as the NgMO complexes, which were predicted to be linear. The M-Ng bond distances decrease, while the M-Ng binding energies increase from NgCrO to NgNiO. In contrast, the early transition metal monoxides, ScO, TiO, and VO, are not able to form similar noble gas atom complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Laser Chemistry Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Allouti F, Manceron L, Alikhani ME. The Ni2 + O2 reaction: the IR spectrum and structure of Ni2O2. A combined IR matrix isolation and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:3715-25. [PMID: 16896434 DOI: 10.1039/b606248b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of Ni2O2 can be observed from the condensation of effusive beams of Ni and O2 in neon or argon matrices. Observation of 58Ni(2)16O2, 58Ni60Ni16O2, 60Ni2(16)O2, Ni(2)18O2 and Ni(2)16O18O isotopic data for five fundamental transitions enable a discussion of structural parameters for matrix-isolated Ni2O2 in its cyclic ground state. Analysis of the nickel isotopic effects on the 58,60Ni2(16)O18O fundamentals suggest an elongated rhombic structure with a Ni-O bond force constant (240+/-10 N m-1) and NiONi bond angles around 79 degrees. The latter points to a Ni-Ni internuclear distance shorter than the O-O one. Low-lying singlet, triplet and quintet states have been studied using density functional theory with an unrestricted wave function and broken symmetry formalism. The high spin states and closed shell singlet states have been also investigated at the CCSD(T) level. The Ni2O2 ground state is calculated to be an antiferromagnetic singlet state with all the hybrid functionals. The first order properties (energies, geometry) calculated with a hybrid functional are very similar when different exchange-correlation functionals with different exact exchange fractions are used and the calculated ground state geometry (NiONi bond angle near 80 degrees, NiO bond distance around 179.5 pm) is in good agreement with the experimental estimate. Nevertheless, a correct reproduction of the experimental vibrational properties is found only when a hybrid functional containing an exact exchange fraction in the 0.4-0.5 range is used. The orbital and topological bonding analyses of Ni2O2 reveal that the relatively short Ni-Ni internuclear distance within the molecule should not be interpreted as a remaining metal-metal bonding interaction, but clearly indicate that the bonding driving force is due to the formation of four strong and highly polarized Ni-O bonds. Even in such an early stage of metal oxidation, the Ni-Ni interaction has virtually disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayçal Allouti
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, CNRS Laboratoire de Dynamique, Interactions et Réactivité, UMR 7075 Case 49, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
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