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Quiclet-Sire B, Zard SZ. Some Aspects of α-(Acyloxy)alkyl Radicals in Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:7561. [PMID: 38005282 PMCID: PMC10673534 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation and use of α-(acyloxy)alkyl xanthates to generate and capture α-(acyloxy)alkyl radicals is briefly reviewed. Their inter- and intramolecular additions to both activated and unactivated, electronically unbiased, alkenes, and to (hetero)aromatic rings, as well as their radical allylation and vinylation reactions are described. Application to the total synthesis of two 4-hydroxytetralone natural products is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique associé au C.N.R.S., UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France;
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Zard SZ. Sulfur chemistry in action. New perspectives for organic synthesis. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2023.2173755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique associé au C. N. R. S., UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
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Zeng X, Zard SZ. Modular Routes to 1,3-Dithian-2-ones and 1,2-Dithiolanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:5241-5244. [PMID: 35861685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Convergent routes to 1,3-dithian-2-ones based on the radical addition of xanthates to alkenes possessing a suitably located (latent) leaving group are described. These can be converted into 1,2-dithiolanes by base-mediated hydrolysis and oxidation. A broad variety of functional groups can be introduced, and the process is modular, uses inexpensive starting materials and reagents, and is atom economical, because both sulfur atoms of the xanthate end up in the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhu Zeng
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Samir Z Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Dorokhov VS, Quiclet-Sire B, Zard SZ. A Route to 5,5-Dithiospiroketals and to Long-Chain Monomers from the Biomass. Org Lett 2022; 24:2878-2882. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin S. Dorokhov
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Cedex Palaiseau, France
| | - Béatrice Quiclet-Sire
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Cedex Palaiseau, France
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Cedex Palaiseau, France
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Zard SZ. Discovery of the RAFT/MADIX Process: Mechanistic Insights and Polymer Chemistry Implications. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Associé au CNRS, UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652Ecole Polytechnique FR-91128 Palaiseau France
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Marcantoni E, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Recent synthetic applications of α-amido sulfones as precursors of N-acylimino derivatives. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
α-Amido sulfones can be directly used as N-acylimine or N-acyliminium ion precursors in several synthetic processes aimed at the preparation of nitrogen containing compounds. This review collects the most relevant and practical utilizations of α-amido sulfones appeared in the literature after 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Marcantoni
- School of Science and Technology
- Chemistry Division
- University of Camerino
- 1 I-62032 Camerino
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology
- Chemistry Division
- University of Camerino
- 1 I-62032 Camerino
- Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology
- Chemistry Division
- University of Camerino
- 1 I-62032 Camerino
- Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, 91128 Cedex, France
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, 91128 Cedex, France
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Abstract
The alkylation of enolates is one of the backbones of ketone chemistry, yet in practice it suffers from numerous limitations due to problems of regiochemistry (including O- versus C-alkylation), multiple alkylations, self-condensation, competing elimination, and incompatibility with many polar groups that have to be protected. Over the years, various solutions have been devised to overcome these difficulties, such as the employment of auxiliary ester or sulfone groups to modify the p Ka of the enolizable hydrogens, the passage by the corresponding hydrazones, the use of transition-metal-catalyzed redox systems to formally alkylate ketones with alcohols, etc. Most of these hurdles disappear upon switching to α-ketonyl radicals. Radicals are tolerant of most polar functions, and radical additions to flat sp2 centers are generally easier to accomplish than enolate substitution at tetrahedral sp3 carbons. The main stumbling block, however, has been a lack of generally applicable methods for the generation and intermolecular capture of α-ketonyl radicals. We have found over the past years that the degenerative exchange of xanthates represents in many ways an ideal solution to this problem. It overcomes essentially all of the difficulties faced by other radical processes because of its unique ability to reversibly store reactive radicals in a dormant, nonreactive form. The lifetime of the radicals can therefore be significantly enhanced, even in the concentrated medium needed for bimolecular additions, while at the same time regulating their absolute and relative concentrations. The ability to perform intermolecular additions to highly functionalized alkene partners opens up numerous possibilities for rapid and convergent access to complex structures. Of particular importance is the elaboration of ketones that are prone to self-condensation, such trifluoroacetone, and of base-sensitive ketones, such as chloro- and dichloroacetone, since the products can be used for the synthesis of a myriad fluorinated and heteroaromatic compounds of relevance to medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry. The formal distal dialkylation of ketones, also of utmost synthetic interest, is readily accomplished, allowing convenient access to a wide array of useful ketone building blocks. Cascade processes can be implemented and, in alliance with powerful classical reactions (aldol, alkylative Birch reductions, etc.), furnish a quick route to complex polycyclic scaffolds. Furthermore, the presence of the xanthate group in the adducts can be exploited to obtain a variety of arenes and heteroarenes, such as pyrroles, thiophenes, naphthalenes, and pyridines, as well as enones, dienes, and cyclopropanes. Last but not least, the reagents and most of the starting materials are exceedingly cheap, and the reactions are safe and easy to scale up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Quiclet-Sire B, Zard SZ. On the Strategic Impact of the Degenerative Transfer of Xanthates on Synthetic Planning. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Quiclet-Sire
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique associé au CNRS; Ecole Polytechnique, F-; 91128 Palaiseau Cedex France
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique associé au CNRS; Ecole Polytechnique, F-; 91128 Palaiseau Cedex France
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Anthore-Dalion L, Liu Q, Zard SZ. A Radical Bidirectional Fragment Coupling Route to Unsymmetrical Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8404-7. [PMID: 27348440 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A powerful strategy for the regioselective bidirectional synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted ketones is described, relying on the fact that the exchange of a xanthate is much faster than the radical addition to an unactivated alkene. The use of an alkene as the formal "alkylating" agent associated with the tolerance for numerous functional groups and the mildness of the experimental conditions removes many of the problems associated with the classical ionic and transition-metal-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Anthore-Dalion
- Laboratoire de Synthèse
Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau
Cedex, France
| | - Qiang Liu
- Laboratoire de Synthèse
Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau
Cedex, France
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse
Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau
Cedex, France
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Anthore L, Li S, White LV, Zard SZ. Radical Solution to the Alkylation of the Highly Base-Sensitive 1,1-Dichloroacetone. Application to the Synthesis of Z-Alkenoates and E,E-Dienoates. Org Lett 2015; 17:5320-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Anthore
- Laboratoire de Synthèse
Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91128 Cedex, France
| | - Shiguang Li
- Laboratoire de Synthèse
Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91128 Cedex, France
| | - Lorenzo V. White
- Laboratoire de Synthèse
Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91128 Cedex, France
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse
Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91128 Cedex, France
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Quiclet-Sire B, Zard SZ. Some aspects of radical chemistry in the assembly of complex molecular architectures. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:557-76. [PMID: 23616797 PMCID: PMC3629037 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article describes briefly some of the radical processes developed in the authors' laboratory as they pertain to the concise assembly of complex molecular scaffolds. The emphasis is placed on the use of nitrogen-centred radicals, on the degenerate addition-transfer of xanthates, especially on its potential for intermolecular carbon-carbon bond formation, and on the generation and capture of radicals through electron transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Quiclet-Sire
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Samir Z Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Debien L, Quiclet-Sire B, Zard SS. A Convergent, Unified Approach to Functionalized Fluoro- and Trifluoromethyl Alkenes. Org Lett 2012; 14:5118-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3023903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Debien
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Béatrice Quiclet-Sire
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Samir S. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Zard SZ. Some intriguing mechanistic aspects of the radical chemistry of xanthates. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Z. Zard
- Ecole Polytechnique; Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, UMR 7652; 91128; Palaiseau; France
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El Qacemi M, Petit L, Quiclet-Sire B, Zard SZ. A unified access to diverse heteroaromatic scaffolds using the radical chemistry of xanthates. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5707-19. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25169h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Braun MG, Heng R, Zard SZ. Transfer of Chirality by the Use of an All Carbon Tether. Org Lett 2011; 13:1230-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Gabrielle Braun
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Rama Heng
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Buchanan GS, Feltenberger JB, Hsung RP. Aza-[3 + 3] Annulations: A New Unified Strategy in Alkaloid Synthesis. Curr Org Synth 2010; 7:363-401. [PMID: 20936076 PMCID: PMC2949981 DOI: 10.2174/157017910791414490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant S Buchanan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
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Ollevier T, Li Z. Bismuth Triflate-Catalyzed Addition of Allylsilanes to N-Alkoxycarbonylamino Sulfones: Convenient Access to 3-Cbz-Protected Cyclohexenylamines. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Charrier N, Zard SZ. Radical allylation with alpha-branched allyl sulfones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9443-6. [PMID: 18979487 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200804298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Charrier
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique associé au CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Corbet M, Ferjančić Z, Quiclet-Sire B, Zard SZ. Radical, One-Step Approach to o-Chlorophenyl Thioethers from Xanthates. A Rapid Access to Vinylsilanes. Org Lett 2008; 10:3579-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801348u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Corbet
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Zorana Ferjančić
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Béatrice Quiclet-Sire
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] Functionalization of S-(3-chloro-2-oxo-propyl)-O-ethyl xanthate 1 by two consecutive xanthate transfer reactions, followed by spirocyclization of the resulting dihydroxy ketones, provides a flexible and highly convergent access to diversely substituted spiroketals, containing five-, six-, and seven-membered rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel de Greef
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique associé au C.N.R.S., Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Quiclet-Sire B, Zard SZ. Powerful CarbonCarbon Bond Forming Reactions Based on a Novel Radical Exchange Process. Chemistry 2006; 12:6002-16. [PMID: 16791885 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Xanthates and related derivatives have proved to be extremely useful for both inter- and intramolecular radical additions. The broad applicability of the intermolecular addition to un-activated olefins opens tremendous opportunities for synthesis, since various functional groups can be brought together under mild conditions and complex structures can be rapidly assembled. The presence of the xanthate in the product is also a powerful asset for further modifications, by both radical and non-radical pathways. Of special importance is the access to highly substituted aromatic and heteroaromatic derivatives and the synthesis of block polymers through a controlled radical polymerisation mediated by various thiocarbonylthio group containing agents (RAFT and MADIX processes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Quiclet-Sire
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique associé au CNRS (UMR 7652), Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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