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Gebers J, Özen B, Hartmann L, Schaer M, Suàrez S, Bugnon P, Scopelliti R, Steinrück H, Konovalov O, Magerl A, Brinkmann M, Petraglia R, Silva P, Corminboeuf C, Frauenrath H. Crystallization and Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Performance of a Hydrogen‐Bonded Quaterthiophene. Chemistry 2020; 26:10265-10275. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gebers
- Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, MXG 135 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Bilal Özen
- Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, MXG 135 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lucia Hartmann
- Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, MXG 135 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Michel Schaer
- Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, MXG 135 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Suàrez
- Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, MXG 135 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Philippe Bugnon
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-PH J0 491 Station 3 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-BCH 2111, Batochime UNIL Avenue Forel 2 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Hans‐Georg Steinrück
- Crystallography and Structural Physics University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Staudtstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Present address: Department Chemie Universität Paderborn Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Oleg Konovalov
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP220 38043 Grenoble Cedex France
| | - Andreas Magerl
- Crystallography and Structural Physics University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Staudtstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron CNRS Université de Strasbourg Rue du Loess 23 67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Riccardo Petraglia
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-BCH 5312, Batochime UNIL Avenue Forel 2 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Piotr Silva
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-BCH 5312, Batochime UNIL Avenue Forel 2 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- present address: Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 301 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-BCH 5312, Batochime UNIL Avenue Forel 2 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Holger Frauenrath
- Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, MXG 135 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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Tsourtou FD, Skountzos EN, Peroukidis SD, Mavrantzas VG. Molecular simulation of the high temperature phase behaviour of α-unsubstituted sexithiophene. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:8253-8266. [PMID: 30175340 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01492b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We examine the high-temperature phase behaviour of α-unsubstituted sexithiophene (α-6T) by means of Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations using a recently developed state-of-the-art algorithm based on internal bridging moves. In the MD simulations, a realistic fully flexible united-atom model is used. In the MC simulations, a stiffer version of this united-atom model is implemented by restricting atoms on thiophene rings to remain strictly co-planar by employing holonomic constraints for all bond lengths and intra-ring bond bending angles; on the other hand, inter-ring torsion and bond bending angles are considered to be fully flexible subject to suitable potential energy functions. The MD simulations, which are started from the isotropic (Iso) phase at a relatively high temperature (above 700 K) and continued to lower temperatures under isobaric conditions using a very large simulation cell containing 8960 α-6T molecules, show four phase transitions: an isotropic-to-nematic (Iso-to-Nem) at 640 K, a nematic-to-smectic A (Nem-to-SmA) at 630 K, a smectic A-to-smectic C (SmA-to-SmC) at 620 K demonstrating smectic polymorphism, and a SmC-to-crystal-like (SmC-to-Cry) at 600 K. In the corresponding MC simulations, no Nem phase is observed; the system, as it is isobarically cooled down to lower temperatures from its Iso phase, undergoes directly a transition to a SmC phase at 690 K. This is attributed to the stiffer nature of the forcefield employed in these simulations. Both methods (MD and MC) shed light on the type and degree of molecular self-assembly, orientational and positional ordering as a function of temperature, and manifestation of liquid crystalline behaviour of α-6T. We provide a thorough characterization of structural ordering in all mesophases observed, in terms of several measures (radial correlation functions, orientational order parameters and X-ray diffraction patterns). According to the results, at the phase transition temperatures, drastic configurational changes take place driving α-6T molecules to positionally-ordered phases accompanied by self-assembly into characteristic layers which, in turn, are self-organized into macroscopic smectic phases. Our methodology opens up the way to exploring the rich phase behaviour and anisotropic ordering of the condensed phases of several longer (and perhaps more complex) thiophene-based polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora D Tsourtou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras GR 26504, Greece.
| | - Emmanuel N Skountzos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras GR 26504, Greece.
| | - Stavros D Peroukidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras GR 26504, Greece. and School of Science/Technology, Natural Sciences, Hellenic Open University, GR-26335, Patras, Greece
| | - Vlasis G Mavrantzas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras GR 26504, Greece. and Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Liu S, Wu T, Zhu Q, Pu J, Chen G, Zhang W, Li Z. Tuning of the photophysical and electrochemical properties of symmetric and asymmetric conjugated thiophenoazomethines. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12779-12784. [PMID: 35541274 PMCID: PMC9079336 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00570b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic route towards symmetric and asymmetric thiophenoazomethines was accomplished by reaction of the readily available amine with various aldehydes. Investigation of a series of thiophenoazomethines obtained by this method indicates that the terminal groups and the degree of conjugation have a great effect on the electronic absorption and energy levels of the conjugated compounds, particularly the effect of terminal groups. The terminal withdrawing and donating groups of thiophenoazomethines led to the formation of an electronic push–pull, push–push and pull–pull system, which can perturb the electronic transitions between the ground and excited states. The flexible chain substituents on the thiophene units, which improve its solubility, also result in bathochromic absorption, but have limited effect on the energy level. A synthetic route towards symmetric and asymmetric thiophenoazomethines was accomplished by reaction of the readily available amine with various aldehydes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology China
| | - Ti Wu
- Information Recording Material Lab, Lab of Printing & Packing Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication China
| | - Qi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology China
| | - Jialing Pu
- Information Recording Material Lab, Lab of Printing & Packing Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication China
| | - Guangxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Information Recording Material Lab, Lab of Printing & Packing Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication China
| | - Zhongxiao Li
- Information Recording Material Lab, Lab of Printing & Packing Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication China
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Ocheje MU, Charron BP, Cheng YH, Chuang CH, Soldera A, Chiu YC, Rondeau-Gagné S. Amide-Containing Alkyl Chains in Conjugated Polymers: Effect on Self-Assembly and Electronic Properties. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael U. Ocheje
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Brynn P. Charron
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Yu-Hsuan Cheng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Chuang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Armand Soldera
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
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Jeong SM, Kim TG, Jung E, Park JW. Hydrogen-bonding-facilitated layer-by-layer growth of ultrathin organic semiconducting films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:6837-6842. [PMID: 23859444 DOI: 10.1021/am402066t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated that the layer-by-layer growth of thin film crystals of conjugated organic molecules is facilitated by their hydrogen-bonding capabilities. We synthesized bis(3-hydroxypropyl)-sexithiophene (bHP6T), which includes two hydroxyalkyl groups that promote interlayer and intermolecular molecular interactions during the crystal growth process. Under the optimal deposition conditions, the crystals grew in a nearly perfect layer-by-layer mode on the solid substrate surfaces, enabling the formation of uniform charge transporting films as thin as a few monolayers. A thin film transistor device prepared from a bHP6T film only 9 nm thick exhibited a charge carrier mobility well above 1 × 10(-2) cm(2)/(V s) and an on/off ratio exceeding 1 × 10(4). These properties are better than the properties of other sexithiophene-based devices yet reported. The devices exhibited enhanced stability under atmospheric conditions, and they functioned properly, even after storage for more than 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mi Jeong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
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Cheng X, Gao H, Tan X, Yang X, Prehm M, Ebert H, Tschierske C. Transition between triangular and square tiling patterns in liquid-crystalline honeycombs formed by tetrathiophene-based bolaamphiphiles. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Bu W, Gao H, Tan X, Dong X, Cheng X, Prehm M, Tschierske C. A bolaamphiphilic sexithiophene with liquid crystalline triangular honeycomb phase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1756-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc38859j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Operamolla A, Farinola GM. Molecular and Supramolecular Architectures of Organic Semiconductors for Field‐Effect Transistor Devices and Sensors: A Synthetic Chemical Perspective. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Operamolla
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy, Fax: +39‐0805442129
| | - Gianluca M. Farinola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy, Fax: +39‐0805442129
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Bolduc A, Dufresne S, Hanan GS, Skene WG. Synthesis, photophysics, and electrochemistry of thiophene–pyridine and thiophene–pyrimidine dyad comonomers. CAN J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of new π-conjugated donor (D) and acceptor (A) dyad comonomers were prepared using Suzuki coupling protocols. The D–A comonomers consisting of thiophene/bithiophene as donors and pyridine/pyrimidine as acceptors were prepared to investigate their photophysical and electrochemical properties. The dyads were spectroscopically confirmed to be highly conjugated. This was further supported by the X-ray crystal structure of the bithophene–pyridine dyad that showed all the heterocycles to be coplanar. It was further found that the fluorescence yields (Φfl) of the dyads were highly dependent on the number of thiophenes. The bithiophene derivatives exhibited Φfl values ≥ 0.3 while the thiophene derivatives did not fluoresce. The suppressed fluorescence observed for the thiophene derivatives was due to their higher triplet energy resulting in efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) to the triplet state with ΦISC ≥ 0.8. This was confirmed both by time-resolved and steady-state measurements. The singlet excited state of both thiophene and bithiophene dyads was deactivated solely by either fluorescence and (or) ISC. Owing to their donor and acceptor character, the dyads could be oxidized and reduced both electrochemically and photochemically to afford the radical cation and anion, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréanne Bolduc
- Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Stéphane Dufresne
- Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Garry S. Hanan
- Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - W. G. Skene
- Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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10
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Synthesis and characterization of α,ω-disubstituted quaterthiophenes functionalized with polar groups for solution processed OTFTs. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Ie Y, Umemoto Y, Okabe M, Kusunoki T, Nakayama KI, Pu YJ, Kido J, Tada H, Aso Y. Electronegative Oligothiophenes Based on Difluorodioxocyclopentene-Annelated Thiophenes: Synthesis, Properties, and n-Type FET Performances. Org Lett 2008; 10:833-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol7029678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan, and The Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Umemoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan, and The Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Makoto Okabe
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan, and The Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kusunoki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan, and The Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Nakayama
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan, and The Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan, and The Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Junji Kido
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan, and The Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tada
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan, and The Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan, and The Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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Bourgeaux M, Skene WG. Photophysics and Electrochemistry of Conjugated Oligothiophenes Prepared by Using Azomethine Connections. J Org Chem 2007; 72:8882-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jo701515j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bourgeaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Pavillon J.A. Bombardier, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - W. G. Skene
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Pavillon J.A. Bombardier, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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14
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Prehm M, Götz G, Bäuerle P, Liu F, Zeng X, Ungar G, Tschierske C. Complex Liquid-Crystalline Superstructure of a π-Conjugated Oligothiophene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:7856-9. [PMID: 17768744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Brustolin F, Surin M, Lemaur V, Romanazzi G, Sun Q, Cornil J, Lazzaroni R, Sommerdijk NAJM, Leclère P, Meijer EW. The Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Oligothiophenes: Hydrogen Bonding and Poly(glutamate) Complexation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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