1
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Dailey JM, Kee SA, Tharakan A, Kazi A, Burchett JR, Kolawole EM, Boyd Ballance W, Kotha A, Le QT, Schwartz LB, Straus DB, Martin RK, Sebti SM, Ryan JJ. Inhibiting Isoprenylation Suppresses FcεRI-Mediated Mast Cell Function and Allergic Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:527-538. [PMID: 37449905 PMCID: PMC10545418 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
IgE-mediated mast cell activation is a driving force in allergic disease in need of novel interventions. Statins, long used to lower serum cholesterol, have been shown in multiple large-cohort studies to reduce asthma severity. We previously found that statins inhibit IgE-induced mast cell function, but these effects varied widely among mouse strains and human donors, likely due to the upregulation of the statin target, 3-hydroxy-3-methylgutaryl-CoA reductase. Statin inhibition of mast cell function appeared to be mediated not by cholesterol reduction but by suppressing protein isoprenylation events that use cholesterol pathway intermediates. Therefore, we sought to circumvent statin resistance by targeting isoprenylation. Using genetic depletion of the isoprenylation enzymes farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyl transferase 1 or their substrate K-Ras, we show a significant reduction in FcεRI-mediated degranulation and cytokine production. Furthermore, similar effects were observed with pharmacological inhibition with the dual farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyl transferase 1 inhibitor FGTI-2734. Our data indicate that both transferases must be inhibited to reduce mast cell function and that K-Ras is a critical isoprenylation target. Importantly, FGTI-2734 was effective in vivo, suppressing mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis, allergic pulmonary inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Collectively, these findings suggest that K-Ras is among the isoprenylation substrates critical for FcεRI-induced mast cell function and reveal isoprenylation as a new means of targeting allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Dailey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Sydney A Kee
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Anuj Tharakan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Aslamuzzaman Kazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Jason R Burchett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | | | | | - Aditya Kotha
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Quang T Le
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Lawrence B Schwartz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - David B Straus
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Rebecca K Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Said M Sebti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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2
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Li Petri G, Di Martino S, De Rosa M. Peptidomimetics: An Overview of Recent Medicinal Chemistry Efforts toward the Discovery of Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7438-7475. [PMID: 35604326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of peptides as therapeutics has often been associated with several drawbacks such as poor absorption, low stability to proteolytic digestion, and fast clearance. Peptidomimetics are developed by modifications of native peptides with the aim of obtaining molecules that are more suitable for clinical development and, for this reason, are widely used as tools in medicinal chemistry programs. The effort to disclose innovative peptidomimetic therapies is recurrent and constantly evolving as demonstrated by the new lead compounds in clinical trials. Synthetic strategies for the development of peptidomimetics have also been implemented with time. This perspective highlights some of the most recent efforts for the design and synthesis of peptidomimetic agents together with their biological evaluation toward a panel of targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria De Rosa
- Drug Discovery Unit, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo 90133, Italy
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3
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Marchwicka A, Kamińska D, Monirialamdari M, Błażewska KM, Gendaszewska-Darmach E. Protein Prenyltransferases and Their Inhibitors: Structural and Functional Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105424. [PMID: 35628237 PMCID: PMC9141697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein prenylation is a post-translational modification controlling the localization, activity, and protein–protein interactions of small GTPases, including the Ras superfamily. This covalent attachment of either a farnesyl (15 carbon) or a geranylgeranyl (20 carbon) isoprenoid group is catalyzed by four prenyltransferases, namely farnesyltransferase (FTase), geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I), Rab geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase-II), and recently discovered geranylgeranyltransferase type III (GGTase-III). Blocking small GTPase activity, namely inhibiting prenyltransferases, has been proposed as a potential disease treatment method. Inhibitors of prenyltransferase have resulted in substantial therapeutic benefits in various diseases, such as cancer, neurological disorders, and viral and parasitic infections. In this review, we overview the structure of FTase, GGTase-I, GGTase-II, and GGTase-III and summarize the current status of research on their inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (A.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Daria Kamińska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (A.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Mohsen Monirialamdari
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (K.M.B.)
| | - Katarzyna M. Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (K.M.B.)
| | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (A.M.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Khodadadi M, Ghandi M, Abbasi A. One‐pot synthesis of novel spirocyclic‐dihydropyrazine‐2‐(
1
H
)ones through a Ugi
4‐CR
/deprotection. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Khodadadi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghandi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science University of Tehran Tehran Iran
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5
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Palmioli A, Nicolini G, Tripodi F, Orsato A, Ceresa C, Donzelli E, Arici M, Coccetti P, Rocchetti M, La Ferla B, Airoldi C. Targeting GRP receptor: Design, synthesis and preliminary biological characterization of new non-peptide antagonists of bombesin. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104739. [PMID: 33626451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the rational design, synthesis, and in vitro preliminary evaluation of a new small library of non-peptide ligands of Gastrin Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRP-R), able to antagonize its natural ligand bombesin (BN) in the nanomolar range of concentration. GRP-R is a transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor promoting the stimulation of cancer cell proliferation. Being overexpressed on the surface of different human cancer cell lines, GRP-R is ideal for the selective delivery to tumor cells of both anticancer drug and diagnostic devices. What makes very challenging the design of non-peptide BN analogues is that the 3D structure of the GRP-R is not available, which is the case for many membrane-bound receptors. Thus, the design of GRP-R ligands has to be based on the structure of its natural ligands, BN and GRP. We recently mapped the BN binding epitope by NMR and here we exploited the same spectroscopy, combined with MD, to define BN conformation in proximity of biological membranes, where the interaction with GRP-R takes place. The gained structural information was used to identify a rigid C-galactosidic scaffold able to support pharmacophore groups mimicking the BN key residues' side chains in a suitable manner for binding to GRP-R. Our BN antagonists represent hit compounds for the rational design and synthesis of new ligands and modulators of GRP-R. The further optimization of the pharmacophore groups will allow to increase the biological activity. Due to their favorable chemical properties and stability, they could be employed for the active receptor-mediated targeting of GRP-R positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palmioli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nicolini
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, Experimental Neurology Unit, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Farida Tripodi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexandre Orsato
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; Departamento de Química, CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Ceresa
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, Experimental Neurology Unit, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Donzelli
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, Experimental Neurology Unit, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Martina Arici
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Coccetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Rocchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy.
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6
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Karasic TB, Chiorean EG, Sebti SM, O'Dwyer PJ. A Phase I Study of GGTI-2418 (Geranylgeranyl Transferase I Inhibitor) in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Target Oncol 2020; 14:613-618. [PMID: 31372813 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-019-00661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I) catalyzes geranylgeranylation, a modification required for the function of many oncogenic RAS-related proteins. GGTI-2418 is a peptidomimetic small molecule inhibitor of GGTase I. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish the maximum tolerated dose of GGTI-2418 in patients with advanced solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study conducted in two US centers (University of Pennsylvania and Indiana University) in adults with treatment-refractory advanced solid tumors. An accelerated dose-escalation schema was used across eight dose levels, from 120 to 2060 mg/m2, administered on days 1-5 of each 21-day cycle. RESULTS Fourteen patients were enrolled in the dose-escalation cohort. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed, and 2060 mg/m2 was determined to be the maximum tolerated dose. The only potential drug-related grade 3 or 4 toxicities were elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase in a single patient with concurrent malignant biliary obstruction. No objective responses were observed. Four of thirteen evaluable patients had stable disease for up to 6.7 months. The study was terminated prior to dose expansion based on a sponsor decision. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated a mean terminal half-life of 1.1 h. CONCLUSIONS GGTI2418 was safe and tolerable at all tested dose levels with some evidence of disease stability. Due to rapid elimination, dosing of GGTI2418 in this study may have been inadequate to achieve optimal inhibition of its target, GGTase I.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Said M Sebti
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Care and Research Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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7
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Kazi A, Xiang S, Yang H, Chen L, Kennedy P, Ayaz M, Fletcher S, Cummings C, Lawrence HR, Beato F, Kang Y, Kim MP, Delitto A, Underwood PW, Fleming JB, Trevino JG, Hamilton AD, Sebti SM. Dual Farnesyl and Geranylgeranyl Transferase Inhibitor Thwarts Mutant KRAS-Driven Patient-Derived Pancreatic Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5984-5996. [PMID: 31227505 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutant KRAS is a major driver of pancreatic oncogenesis and therapy resistance, yet KRAS inhibitors are lacking in the clinic. KRAS requires farnesylation for membrane localization and cancer-causing activity prompting the development of farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) as anticancer agents. However, KRAS becomes geranylgeranylated and active when cancer cells are treated with FTIs. To overcome this geranylgeranylation-dependent resistance to FTIs, we designed FGTI-2734, a RAS C-terminal mimetic dual FT and geranylgeranyltransferase-1 inhibitor (GGTI). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Immunofluorescence, cellular fractionation, and gel shift assays were used to assess RAS membrane association, Western blotting to evaluate FGTI-2734 effects on signaling, and mouse models to demonstrate its antitumor activity. RESULTS FGTI-2734, but not the selective FTI-2148 and GGTI-2418, inhibited membrane localization of KRAS in pancreatic, lung, and colon human cancer cells. FGTI-2734 induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth in mice of mutant KRAS-dependent but not mutant KRAS-independent human tumors. Importantly, FGTI-2734 inhibited the growth of xenografts derived from four patients with pancreatic cancer with mutant KRAS (2 G12D and 2 G12V) tumors. FGTI-2734 was also highly effective at inhibiting, in three-dimensional cocultures with resistance promoting pancreatic stellate cells, the viability of primary and metastatic mutant KRAS tumor cells derived from eight patients with pancreatic cancer. Finally, FGTI-2734 suppressed oncogenic pathways mediated by AKT, mTOR, and cMYC while upregulating p53 and inducing apoptosis in patient-derived xenografts in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The development of this novel dual FGTI overcomes a major hurdle in KRAS resistance, thwarting growth of patient-derived mutant KRAS-driven xenografts from patients with pancreatic cancer, and as such it warrants further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslamuzzaman Kazi
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Shengyan Xiang
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Hua Yang
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Liwei Chen
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Perry Kennedy
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | - Harshani R Lawrence
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Francisca Beato
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael P Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrea Delitto
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jose G Trevino
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Said M Sebti
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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8
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St Hilaire VR, Hopkins WE, Miller YS, Dandepally SR, Williams AL. Regioselective addition of Grignard reagents to N-acylpyrazinium salts: synthesis of substituted 1,2-dihydropyrazines and Δ 5-2-oxopiperazines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:72-78. [PMID: 30680041 PMCID: PMC6334805 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The regioselective addition of Grignard reagents to mono- and disubstituted N-acylpyrazinium salts affording substituted 1,2-dihydropyrazines in modest to excellent yields (45–100%) is described. Under acidic conditions, these 1,2-dihydropyrazines can be converted to substituted Δ5-2-oxopiperazines providing a simple and efficient approach towards their preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine R St Hilaire
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - William E Hopkins
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Yenteeo S Miller
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Srinivasa R Dandepally
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Alfred L Williams
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
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9
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Lei J, Xu ZG, Tang DY, Li Y, Xu J, Li HY, Zhu J, Chen ZZ. Acid-Promoted One-Pot Synthesis of Substituted Furan and 6-Methylpyrazin-2(1 H)-one Derivatives via Allene Intermediate Formed in Situ. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2018; 20:292-297. [PMID: 29620860 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Under the acidic conditions, substituted furans were constructed from γ-alkynyl ketones through corresponding allene intermediates in one-pot. The methodology was also tailored to a series of the Ugi reaction products for the synthesis of 6-methylpyrazin-2(1 H)-one derivatives. The current method offered significant advantages for the combinatorial applications of these chemical scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lei
- Key Laboratory for Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Dian-Yong Tang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Yong Li
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Hong-yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Jin Zhu
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Zhong-Zhu Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China
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10
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Jorda R, Dušek J, Řezníčková E, Pauk K, Magar PP, Imramovský A, Kryštof V. Synthesis and antiproteasomal activity of novel O -benzyl salicylamide-based inhibitors built from leucine and phenylalanine. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:142-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Icelo-Ávila E, Amador-Sánchez YA, Polindara-García LA, Miranda LD. Synthesis of 6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrazinones using an Ugi 4-CR/allenamide cycloisomerization protocol. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:360-372. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A two-step synthesis of 6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrazinones from Ugi adducts and their transformation into pyrazino[2,1-a]isoindole and pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinoline cores has been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Icelo-Ávila
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad Universitaria
- México
- México
| | | | | | - Luis D. Miranda
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad Universitaria
- México
- México
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12
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Chiacchio U, Broggini G, Romeo R, Gazzola S, Chiacchio MA, Giofrè SV, Gabriele B, Mancuso R, Floresta G, Zagni C. Intramolecular oxidative palladium-catalyzed diamination reactions of alkenyl sulfamates: an efficient synthesis of [1,2,5]thiadiazolo-fused piperazinones. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13141g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed diamination domino process of sulfamates arising from glycine allylamides is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Chiacchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- 9515 Catania
- Italy
| | - Gianluigi Broggini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia
- Università dell'Insubria
- 22100 Como
- Italy
| | - Roberto Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98168 Messina
| | - Silvia Gazzola
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia
- Università dell'Insubria
- 22100 Como
- Italy
| | - Maria A. Chiacchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- 9515 Catania
- Italy
| | - Salvatore V. Giofrè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98168 Messina
| | - Bartolo Gabriele
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC)
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - Raffaella Mancuso
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC)
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- 9515 Catania
- Italy
| | - Chiara Zagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- 9515 Catania
- Italy
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13
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Zaretsky S, Hickey JL, Tan J, Pichugin D, St Denis MA, Ler S, Chung BKW, Scully CCG, Yudin AK. Mechanistic investigation of aziridine aldehyde-driven peptide macrocyclization: the imidoanhydride pathway. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5446-5455. [PMID: 29861887 PMCID: PMC5949604 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01958c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aziridine aldehydes participate in a multicomponent reaction with α-amino amides and isocyanides to generate reactive imidoanhydride intermediates.
Aziridine aldehyde dimers, peptides, and isocyanides participate in a multicomponent reaction to yield peptide macrocycles. We have investigated the selectivity and kinetics of this process and performed a detailed analysis of its chemoselectivity. While the reactants encompass all of the elements of the traditional Ugi four-component condensation, there is a significant deviation from the previously proposed mechanism. Our results provide evidence for an imidoanhydride pathway in peptide macrocyclization and lend justification for the diastereoselectivity and high effective molarity observed in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Zaretsky
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Jennifer L Hickey
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada . .,Encycle Therapeutics Inc. , 101 College Street, Suite 314 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Joanne Tan
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Dmitry Pichugin
- Center for Structural Investigations of Complex Organic Molecules and Polymers , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Megan A St Denis
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada . .,Encycle Therapeutics Inc. , 101 College Street, Suite 314 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Spencer Ler
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Benjamin K W Chung
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Conor C G Scully
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
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14
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Broggini G, Beccalli EM, Borelli T, Brusa F, Gazzola S, Mazza A. Intra-Intermolecular Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Reactions of Glycine Allylamides for the Synthesis of Diversely Functionalized Piperazinones. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Perryman MS, Earl MWM, Greatorex S, Clarkson GJ, Fox DJ. Synthesis of 1- and 4-substituted piperazin-2-ones via Jocic-type reactions with N-substituted diamines. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2360-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02311k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomerically-enriched trichloromethyl-containing alcohols are transformed regioselectively into enantiomerically-enriched 1-substituted piperazinones by modified Jocic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sam Greatorex
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- U.K
| | | | - David J. Fox
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- U.K
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16
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Zaretsky S, Adachi S, Rotstein BH, Hickey JL, Scully CCG, St Denis JD, Courtemanche R, Yu JCY, Chung BKW, Yudin AK. Stereocontrolled disruption of the Ugi reaction toward the production of chiral piperazinones: substrate scope and process development. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9948-57. [PMID: 25254948 DOI: 10.1021/jo5018316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The factors determining diastereoselectivity observed in the multicomponent conversion of amino acids, aziridine aldehyde dimers, and isocyanides into chiral piperazinones have been investigated. Amino acid-dependent selectivity for either trans- or cis-substituted piperazinone products has been achieved. An experimentally determined diastereoselectivity model for the three-component reaction driven by aziridine aldehyde dimers has predictive value for different substrate classes. Moreover, this model is useful in reconciling the previously reported observations in multicomponent reactions between isocyanides, α-amino acids, and monofunctional aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Zaretsky
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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17
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Shen M, Pan P, Li Y, Li D, Yu H, Hou T. Farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase I: structures, mechanism, inhibitors and molecular modeling. Drug Discov Today 2014; 20:267-76. [PMID: 25450772 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Farnesyltransferase (FTase) and geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I) have crucial roles in the post-translational modifications of Ras proteins and, therefore, they are promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of various Ras-induced cancers and several other kinds of diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the structures and biological functions of FTase and GGTase-I. Then, we summarize the typical inhibitors of FTase and GGTase-I, and highlight the drug candidates in clinical trials. In addition, we survey some recent advances in computer-aided drug design (CADD) and molecular modeling studies of FTase and GGTase-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyun Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Peichen Pan
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huidong Yu
- Crystal Pharmatech, 707 Alexander Road Building 2, Suite 208, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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18
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Van CT, Zdobinsky T, Seebohm G, Nennstiel D, Zerbe O, Scherkenbeck J. Structural Prerequisites for Receptor Binding of Helicokinin I, a Diuretic Insect Neuropeptide fromHelicoverpa zea. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Kim J, Lee WS, Koo J, Lee J, Park SB. Synthesis and library construction of privileged tetra-substituted Δ5-2-oxopiperazine as β-turn structure mimetics. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:24-32. [PMID: 24215277 DOI: 10.1021/co400128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed an efficient and practical procedure for the synthesis of tetra-substituted Δ5-2-oxopiperazine that mimics the bioactive β-turn structural motif of proteins. This synthetic route is robust and modular enough to accommodate four different substituents to obtain a high level of molecular diversity without any deterioration in stereochemical enrichment of the natural and unnatural amino acids. Through the in silico studies, including a distance calculation of side chains and a conformational overlapping of our model compound with a native β-turn structure, we successfully demonstrated the conformational similarity of tetra-substituted Δ5-2-oxopiperazine to the β-turn motif. For the library construction in a high-throughput manner, the fluorous tag technology was adopted with the use of a solution-phase parallel synthesis platform. A 140-membered pilot library of tetra-substituted Δ5-2-oxopiperazines was achieved with an average purity of 90% without further purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biophysics and Chemical
Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151−747, Korea
| | - Won Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biophysics and Chemical
Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151−747, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Koo
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biophysics and Chemical
Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151−747, Korea
| | - Jeongae Lee
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biophysics and Chemical
Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151−747, Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biophysics and Chemical
Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151−747, Korea
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20
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M. Beauchemin A, Das Neves N, Raymond M. Expedient Synthesis of 2-Oxopiperazines Using a SN2 / Cope-Type Hydroamination Sequence. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Ohkanda J. Module Assembly for Designing Multivalent Mid-Sized Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions. CHEM REC 2013; 13:561-75. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ohkanda
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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22
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Pulka K, Slupska M, Puszko A, Misiak M, Wilczek M, Kozminski W, Misicka A. Peptides and peptidoaldehydes as substrates for the Pictet-Spengler reaction. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:433-40. [PMID: 23712920 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Pictet-Spengler (PS) reaction was performed with various types of substrates: H-Trp-OMe and dipeptides with N-terminal Trp as arylethylamine components and Z-protected amino aldehydes and peptidoaldehydes as carbonyl components. We found that the C-terminal part of Trp derivatives did not have any influence on the stereoselectivity of the reaction and the results are the same for simple esters of Trp and dipeptides. On the contrary, the selectivity of the PS reaction with peptidoaldehydes with L configuration of the C-terminus residue is totally different from that obtained with simple L-amino aldehydes. It allows us to obtain cis stereoisomers, which cannot be isolated from the reaction with amino aldehydes. But the utility of the peptidoaldehydes as substrates for the PS reaction is reduced by the side formation of enamides which decrease the yield of cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pulka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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23
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Azuaje J, El Maatougui A, Pérez-Rubio JM, Coelho A, Fernández F, Sotelo E. Multicomponent Assembly of Diverse Pyrazin-2(1H)-one Chemotypes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4402-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4003163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jhonny Azuaje
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry
and Molecular Materials (CIQUS)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
15782, Spain
| | - Abdelaziz El Maatougui
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry
and Molecular Materials (CIQUS)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
15782, Spain
| | - José M. Pérez-Rubio
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry
and Molecular Materials (CIQUS)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
15782, Spain
| | - Alberto Coelho
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry
and Molecular Materials (CIQUS)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
15782, Spain
| | - Franco Fernández
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
15782, Spain
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry
and Molecular Materials (CIQUS)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
15782, Spain
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24
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Michalski O, Cież D. Chiral isothiocyanates – An approach to determination of the absolute configuration using circular dichroism measurement. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Ochocki JD, Distefano MD. Prenyltransferase Inhibitors: Treating Human Ailments from Cancer to Parasitic Infections. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4:476-492. [PMID: 25530833 DOI: 10.1039/c2md20299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The posttranslational modification of protein prenylation is a covalent lipid modification on the C-terminus of substrate proteins that serves to enhance membrane affinity. Oncogenic proteins such as Ras have this modification and significant effort has been placed into developing inhibitors of the prenyltransferase enzymes for clinical therapy. In addition to cancer therapy, prenyltransferase inhibitors have begun to find important therapeutic uses in other diseases, including progeria, hepatitis C and D, parasitic infections, and other maladies. This review will trace the evolution of prenyltransferase inhibitors from their initial use as cancer therapeutics to their expanded applications for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Ochocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
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26
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An efficient entry to highly substituted chiral 2-oxopiperazines from α-amino acids via iodocyclization. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Valdivielso AM, Ventosa-Andrés P, García-López MT, Herranz R, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez M. Synthesis and Regioselective Functionalization of Piperazin-2-ones Based on Phe-Gly Pseudodipeptides. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Vaňková B, Brulíková L, Wu B, Krchňák V. Synthesis of Piperazinones, Piperazines, Tetrahydropyrazines, and Dihydropyrazinones from Polymer-Supported Acyclic Intermediates via N-Alkyl- and N-Acyliminiums. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Jang JI, Kang SY, Kang KH, Park YS. Dynamic resolution of α-halo chiral esters for the synthesis of 3-substituted piperazin-2-ones. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Nuijens T, Piva E, Kruijtzer JAW, Rijkers DTS, Liskamp RMJ, Quaedflieg PJLM. Fully Enzymatic N→C-Directed Peptide Synthesis Using C-Terminal Peptide α-Carboxamide to Ester Interconversion. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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De Risi C, Pelà M, Pollini GP, Trapella C, Zanirato V. Mastering chiral substituted 2-oxopiperazines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Peterson YK, Wang XS, Casey PJ, Tropsha A. Discovery of geranylgeranyltransferase-I inhibitors with novel scaffolds by the means of quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling, virtual screening, and experimental validation. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4210-20. [PMID: 19537691 DOI: 10.1021/jm8013772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Geranylgeranylation is critical to the function of several proteins including Rho, Rap1, Rac, Cdc42, and G-protein gamma subunits. Geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I) inhibitors (GGTIs) have therapeutic potential to treat inflammation, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis, and many other diseases. Following our standard workflow, we have developed and rigorously validated quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for 48 GGTIs using variable selection k nearest neighbor (kNN), automated lazy learning (ALL), and partial least squares (PLS) methods. The QSAR models were employed for virtual screening of 9.5 million commercially available chemicals, yielding 47 diverse computational hits. Seven of these compounds with novel scaffolds and high predicted GGTase-I inhibitory activities were tested in vitro, and all were found to be bona fide and selective micromolar inhibitors. Notably, these novel hits could not be identified using traditional similarity search. These data demonstrate that rigorously developed QSAR models can serve as reliable virtual screening tools, leading to the discovery of structurally novel bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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33
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Charron G, Wilson J, Hang HC. Chemical tools for understanding protein lipidation in eukaryotes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 13:382-91. [PMID: 19699139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipidation of proteins is an important mechanism to regulate protein trafficking and activity in cell and tissues. The targeting of proteins to membranes by lipidation plays key roles in many physiological processes and when not regulated properly can lead to cancer and neurological disorders. Dissecting the precise roles of protein lipidation in physiology and disease is a major challenge. Recent advances in chemical biology have now enabled the semisynthesis of lipidated proteins for fundamental biochemical and cellular studies. In addition, new chemical reporters of protein lipidation have improved the detection and enabled the proteomic analysis of lipidated proteins. The expanding efforts in chemical biology are therefore providing new tools to dissect the mechanisms and functions of protein lipidation as well as develop therapeutics targeted at protein lipidation pathways in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Charron
- The Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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34
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Blockade of protein geranylgeranylation inhibits Cdk2-dependent p27Kip1 phosphorylation on Thr187 and accumulates p27Kip1 in the nucleus: implications for breast cancer therapy. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:2254-63. [PMID: 19204084 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01029-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the design of a potent and selective peptidomimetic inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTI), GGTI-2418, and its methyl ester GGTI-2417, which increases the levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27(Kip1) and induces breast tumor regression in vivo. Experiments with p27(Kip1) small interfering RNA in breast cancer cells and p27(Kip1) null murine embryonic fibroblasts demonstrate that the ability of GGTI-2417 to induce cell death requires p27(Kip1). GGTI-2417 inhibits the Cdk2-mediated phosphorylation of p27(Kip1) at Thr187 and accumulates p27(Kip1) in the nucleus. In nude mouse xenografts, GGTI-2418 suppresses the growth of human breast tumors. Furthermore, in ErbB2 transgenic mice, GGTI-2418 increases p27(Kip1) and induces significant regression of breast tumors. We conclude that GGTIs' antitumor activity is, at least in part, due to inhibiting Cdk2-dependent p27(Kip1) phosphorylation at Thr187 and accumulating nuclear p27(Kip1). Thus, GGTI treatment might improve the poor prognosis of breast cancer patients with low nuclear p27(Kip1) levels.
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35
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Machida S, Usuba K, Blaskovich MA, Yano A, Harada K, Sebti SM, Kato N, Ohkanda J. Module assembly for protein-surface recognition: geranylgeranyltransferase I bivalent inhibitors for simultaneous targeting of interior and exterior protein surfaces. Chemistry 2008; 14:1392-401. [PMID: 18200641 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic chemical probes designed to simultaneously targeting multiple sites of protein surfaces are of interest owing to their potential application as site specific modulators of protein-protein interactions. A new approach toward bivalent inhibitors of mammalian type I geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase I) based on module assembly for simultaneous recognition of both interior and exterior protein surfaces is reported. The inhibitors synthesized in this study consist of two modules linked by an alkyl spacer; one is the tetrapeptide CVIL module for binding to the interior protein surface (active pocket) and the other is a 3,4,5-alkoxy substituted benzoyl motif that contains three aminoalkyl groups designed to bind to the negatively charged protein exterior surface near the active site. The compounds were screened by two distinct enzyme inhibition assays based on fluorescence spectroscopy and incorporation of a [(3)H]-labeled prenyl group onto a protein substrate. The bivalent inhibitors block GGTase I enzymatic activity with K(i) values in the submicromolar range and are approximately one order of magnitude and more than 150 times more effective than the tetrapeptide CVIL and the methyl benzoate derivatives, respectively. The bivalent compounds 6 and 8 were shown to be competitive inhibitors, suggesting that the CVIL module anchors the whole molecule to the GGTase I active site and delivers the other module to the targeting protein surface. Thus, our module-assembly approach resulted in simultaneous multiple-site recognition, and as a consequence, synergetic inhibition of GGTase I activity, thereby providing a new approach in designing protein-surface-directed inhibitors for targeting protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Machida
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
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36
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Synthesis and evaluation of 3- and 7-substituted geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1889-92. [PMID: 18321704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein prenyl transferases have been a focus of anti-cancer drug discovery in recent years due to their roles in post-translational modification of small GTP binding proteins. Attention is now turning to the development of GGTase I inhibitors. Here, we present the synthesis and biological evaluation of four GGPP analogs versus mammalian GGTase I and the discovery that 7-allyl GGPP is a surprisingly efficient GGTase I substrate.
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37
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Falsetti SC, Wang DA, Peng H, Carrico D, Cox AD, Der CJ, Hamilton AD, Sebti SM. Geranylgeranyltransferase I inhibitors target RalB to inhibit anchorage-dependent growth and induce apoptosis and RalA to inhibit anchorage-independent growth. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:8003-14. [PMID: 17875936 PMCID: PMC2169159 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00057-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Geranylgeranyltransferase I inhibitors (GGTIs) are presently undergoing advanced preclinical studies and have been shown to disrupt oncogenic and tumor survival pathways, to inhibit anchorage-dependent and -independent growth, and to induce apoptosis. However, the geranylgeranylated proteins that are targeted by GGTIs to induce these effects are not known. Here we provide evidence that the Ras-like small GTPases RalA and RalB are exclusively geranylgeranylated and that inhibition of their geranylgeranylation mediates, at least in part, the effects of GGTIs on anchorage-dependent and -independent growth and tumor apoptosis. To this end, we have created the corresponding carboxyl-terminal mutants that are exclusively farnesylated and verified that they retain the subcellular localization and signaling activities of the wild-type geranylgeranylated proteins and that Ral GTPases do not undergo alternative prenylation in response to GGTI treatment. By expressing farnesylated, GGTI-resistant RalA and RalB in Cos7 cells and human pancreatic MiaPaCa2 cancer cells followed by GGTI-2417 treatment, we demonstrated that farnesylated RalB, but not RalA, confers resistance to the proapoptotic and anti-anchorage-dependent growth effects of GGTI-2417. Conversely, farnesylated RalA but not RalB expression renders MiaPaCa2 cells less sensitive to inhibition of anchorage-independent growth. Furthermore, farnesylated RalB, but not RalA, inhibits the ability of GGTI-2417 to suppress survivin and induce p27(Kip1) protein levels. We conclude that RalA and RalB are important, functionally distinct targets for GGTI-mediated tumor apoptosis and growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Falsetti
- Drug Discovery Program, The H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Lee SC, Park SB. Practical Solid-Phase Parallel Synthesis of Δ5-2-Oxopiperazines via N-Acyliminium Ion Cyclization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:828-35. [PMID: 17592879 DOI: 10.1021/cc0700492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A practical solid-phase strategy for the synthesis of Delta(5)-2-oxopiperazines via N-acyliminium ion cyclization has been developed. A key step in the library synthesis is tandem acidolytic cleavage with subsequent in situ iminium formation, followed by stable enamide transformation. This approach is exemplified by the preparation of a 192-member pilot library using bromoacetal resins without further purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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