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Strachan GJ, Majewska MM, Pociecha D, Storey JMD, Imrie CT. Using Lateral Substitution to Control Conformational Preference and Phase Behaviour of Benzanilide-based Liquid Crystal Dimers. Chemphyschem 2022; 24:e202200758. [PMID: 36449329 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of secondary and tertiary benzanilide-based mesogenic groups into liquid crystal dimers is reported as a means to develop new materials. Furthermore, substitution at the nitrogen atom is shown to introduce an additional synthetic 'handle' to modify the molecular structure of the tertiary materials. The design of these materials has proved challenging due to the strong preferences of 3° benzanilides for the E amide conformation. In this work, lateral substitution is used to modify the conformational preferences of the amide linkage and promote liquid crystallinity for a series of N-methyl benzanilide dimers. As the proportion of the E conformer decreases, the nematic-isotropic transition temperatures increase, and enantiotropic nematic behaviour is observed. We also report the synthesis and characterisation of the analogous 2° benzanilide-based materials, which show nematic and twist-bend nematic behaviour. This approach highlights the effects that seemingly small structural modifications, such as the inclusion and position of a methyl group, can have on molecular shape and hence, liquid crystalline behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J Strachan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK.,Current address: School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Magdalena M Majewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - John M D Storey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Corrie T Imrie
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
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2
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Igawa K, Asano S, Yoshida Y, Kawasaki Y, Tomooka K. Analysis of Stereochemical Stability of Dynamic Chiral Molecules Using an Automated Microflow Measurement System. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9651-9657. [PMID: 34232638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An automated microflow measurement system for the kinetic study of racemization of dynamic chiral molecules was developed. This system facilitated the analysis of fast racemization within several seconds at elevated temperatures owing to its rapid heating ability, high performance for controlling short residence times, and ease of connection to HPLC systems for direct measurement of the enantiomeric purity. A more precise analysis was realized by combination of microflow and common batch measurements over a broad range of temperatures.
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3
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Akhdar A, Gautier A, Hjelmgaard T, Faure S. N-Alkylated Aromatic Poly- and Oligoamides. Chempluschem 2021; 86:298-312. [PMID: 33620768 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-alkylated aromatic poly- and oligoamides are a particular class of abiotic foldamers that is deprived of the capability of forming intramolecular hydrogen-bonding networks to stabilize their tri-dimensional structure. The alkylation of the backbone amide nitrogen atoms greatly increases the chemical diversity accessible for aromatic poly- and oligoamides. However, the nature and the conformational preferences of the N,N-disubstituted amides profoundly modify the folding properties of these aromatic poly- and oligoamides. In this Review, representative members of this class of aromatic poly- and oligoamides will be highlighted, among them N-alkylated phenylene terephthalamides, benzanilides, pyridylamides, and aminomethyl benzamide oligomers. The principal synthetic pathways to the main classes of N-alkylated aromatic polyamides with narrow to broad molecular-weight distribution, or oligoamides with specific sequences, will be detailed and their foldameric properties will be discussed. The Review will end by describing the few applications reported to date and future prospects for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Akhdar
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Arnaud Gautier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Hjelmgaard
- Rockwool International A/S, Hovedgaden 584, 2640, Hedehusene, Denmark
| | - Sophie Faure
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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4
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Hao W, Xu Z, Zhou Z, Cai M. Recyclable Heterogeneous Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation of 2-Iodoanilines with Acyl Chlorides in the Biomass-Derived Solvent 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8522-8532. [PMID: 32475119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient, green palladium-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation of 2-iodoanilines with acyl chlorides has been developed that proceeds smoothly in a biomass-derived solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran with N,N-diisopropylethylamine as base at 100 °C under 20 bar of carbon monoxide using an 2-aminoethylamino-modified MCM-41-anchored palladium acetate complex [2N-MCM-41-Pd(OAc)2] as a heterogeneous catalyst, yielding a wide variety of 2-substituted 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one derivatives in good to excellent yields. This supported palladium catalyst could be facilely obtained by a two-step procedure from easily available starting materials and readily recovered via a simple filtration process and recycled at least 8 times without any apparent decrease in catalytic efficiency. The developed methodology not only avoids the use of toxic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide but also solves the basic problem of expensive palladium catalyst recovery and reuse and prevents effectively palladium contamination of the desired product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Zhaotao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Zebiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Mingzhong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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Liu XX, Luo XL, Wu ZY, Cui XF, Zhou XQ, He YQ, Huang GS. Oxidative Recyclization of 1H-Indoles for Synthesis of 2-Indolylbenzoxazinones via Cleavage of the C2–C3 Bond with AIBN under Air. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2107-2113. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous
Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department
of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin-Liang Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous
Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department
of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wu
- The Environmental
Protection Agency of Rudong Coastal Economic Development Zone, Nantong 226400, China
| | - Xin-Feng Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous
Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department
of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous
Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department
of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Qin He
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous
Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department
of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous
Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department
of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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6
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Direct oxidative cascade cyclisation of 2-aminobenzoic acid and arylaldehydes to aryl 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones with oxone. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Functional foldamers that target bacterial membranes: The effect of charge, amphiphilicity and conformation. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4241-4245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Yu J, Zhang-Negrerie D, Du Y. TBHP/CoCl2-Mediated Intramolecular Oxidative Cyclization ofN-(2-Formylphenyl)amides: An Approach to the Construction of 4H-3,1-Benzoxazin-4-ones. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Abraham RJ, Aboitiz N, Filippi M, Genesio E, Piaggio P, Sancassan F. Conformational analysis, part 43. A theoretical and LIS/NMR investigation of the conformations of substituted benzamides. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:498-508. [PMID: 26017265 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A refined Lanthanide-Induced-Shift Analysis (LISA) is used with molecular mechanics and ab initio calculations to investigate the conformations of benzamide (1), N-methylbenzamide (2), N,N-dimethylbenzamide (3) and the conformational equilibria of 2-fluoro (4), 2-chloro (5) and N-methyl-2-methoxy benzamide (6). The amino group in 1 is planar in the crystal but is calculated to be pyramidal with the CO/phenyl torsional angle (ω) of 20-25°. The LISA analysis gave acceptable agreement factors (Rcryst ≤ 1%) for the ab initio geometries when ω was decreased to 0°, the other geometries were not as good. In 2, the N-methyl is coplanar with the carbonyl group in all the geometries. Good agreement was obtained for the RHF geometries, with ω 25°, the other geometries were only acceptable with increased values of ω. In 3, good agreement for the RHF and PCModel geometries was found when ω was changed from the calculated values of 40° (RHF) and 90° (PCModel) to ca. 60°, the X-ray and B3LYP geometries were not as good. The two substituted compounds 4, 5 and 6 are interconverting between the cis (O,X) and trans (O,X) conformers. The more stable trans conformer is planar in 4 and 6 but the cis form non-planar. Both the cis and trans conformers of 5 are non-planar. There is an additional degree of freedom in 6 due to the 2-methoxy group, which can be either planar or orthogonal to the phenyl ring in both conformers. The conformer ratios were obtained from the LISA analysis to give Ecis-Etrans in 4 > 2.3 kcal/mol (CDCl3 ) and 1.7 kcal/mol (CD3 CN), in 5 0.0 kcal/mol (CD3 CN) and in 6 > 2.5 kcal/mol (CDCl3 ) and 2.0 kcal/mol (CD3 CN). These values were used with the observed versus calculated (1) H shifts to determine the conformer ratios and energies in DMSO solvent to give Ecis-Etrans 1.1, -0.1 and 1.8 kcal/mol for (4), (5) and (6). Comparison of the observed versus calculated conformer energies show that both the MM and ab initio calculations overestimate the NH..F hydrogen bond in (4) by ca. 2 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Abraham
- The Chemistry Department, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Nuria Aboitiz
- The Chemistry Department, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Marco Filippi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, I-16146, Italy
| | - Eva Genesio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, I-16146, Italy
| | - Paola Piaggio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, I-16146, Italy
| | - Fernando Sancassan
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, I-16146, Italy
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10
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Wang JM, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Zhu YM, Shen JK. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-ones and N-(2-cyanophenyl)benzamides via tert-butyl isocyanide insertion. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Lal S, Snape TJ. Aromatic amides and ureas as novel molecular probes for diagnosing disease. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:751-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Ge ZY, Xu QM, Fei XD, Tang T, Zhu YM, Ji SJ. Copper-Catalyzed C–N Bond Formation/Rearrangement Sequence: Synthesis of 4H-3,1-Benzoxazin-4-ones. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4524-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400515y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Ge
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong-Ming Xu
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Dong Fei
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Tang
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Zhu
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Paul B, Butterfoss GL, Boswell MG, Huang ML, Bonneau R, Wolf C, Kirshenbaum K. N-Naphthyl Peptoid Foldamers Exhibiting Atropisomerism. Org Lett 2012; 14:926-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol203452f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bishwajit Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Glenn L. Butterfoss
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Mikki G. Boswell
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Mia L. Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Richard Bonneau
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Kent Kirshenbaum
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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14
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Snape TJ, Karakoula K, Rowther F, Warr T. Exploiting conformationally restricted N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-diarylureas as biologically active CC double bond analogues: synthesis and biological evaluation of combretastatin A-4 analogues. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21096g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Chabaud L, Clayden J, Helliwell M, Page A, Raftery J, Vallverdú L. Conformational studies of tertiary oligo-m-benzanilides and oligo-p-benzanilides in solution. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Kee CH, Ariffin A, Awang K, Takeya K, Morita H, Hussain SI, Chan KM, Wood PJ, Threadgill MD, Lim CG, Ng S, Weber JFF, Thomas NF. Challenges associated with the synthesis of unusual o-carboxamido stilbenes by the Heck protocol: Intriguing substituent effects, their toxicological and chemopreventive implications. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5646-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00296h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Clayden J, Fletcher SP, McDouall JJW, Rowbottom SJM. Controlling axial conformation in 2-arylpyridines and 1-arylisoquinolines: application to the asymmetric synthesis of QUINAP by dynamic thermodynamic resolution. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5331-43. [PMID: 19309078 DOI: 10.1021/ja900722q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Unlike related biphenyl compounds, 2-arylpyridines and 1-arylisoquinolines can be induced to adopt preferentially one of two axial conformations by the presence of a sulfinyl substituent adjacent to the Ar-Ar bond. In the case of more substituted biaryls, the compounds are atropisomeric, and thermodynamic selectivities of about 4:1 may be attained on heating. In the case of less hindered compounds, conformer ratios of up to 20:1 may be achieved. Preferred conformations are deduced by comparison of experimental CD spectra with those derived from theory. The conformational preferences induced by the sulfoxides may be exploited in the asymmetric synthesis of atropisomers, including the ligand QUINAP, by dynamic resolution under thermodynamic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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18
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Tachi Y, Matsukawa Y, Teraoka J, Itoh S. A Stable Cu2O2Complex Supported by an Asymmetric Dinucleating Pentapyridine Ligand Involving an Amide Linkage. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Clayden J, Lemiègre L, Morris GA, Pickworth M, Snape TJ, Jones LH. Helix Persistence and Breakdown in Oligoureas of Metaphenylenediamine: Apparent Diastereotopicity as a Spectroscopic Marker of Helix Length in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:15193-202. [DOI: 10.1021/ja805758v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom, and Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich CT12 3NT, United Kingdom
| | - Loïc Lemiègre
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom, and Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich CT12 3NT, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth A. Morris
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom, and Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich CT12 3NT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Pickworth
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom, and Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich CT12 3NT, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Snape
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom, and Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich CT12 3NT, United Kingdom
| | - Lyn H. Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom, and Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich CT12 3NT, United Kingdom
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Salcedo A, Neuville L, Zhu J. Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular C-Arylation of Benzylic Carbon: Synthesis of 3-Benzoxazolylisoindolinones by a Sequence of Ugi-4CR/Postfunctionalization. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3600-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800266y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Salcedo
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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21
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Clayden J, Lemiègre L, Pickworth M, Jones L. Conformation and stereodynamics of 2,2′-disubstituted N,N′-diaryl ureas. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2908-13. [DOI: 10.1039/b802673d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Clayden J, Vallverdú L, Clayton J, Helliwell M. Conformational switching between diastereoisomeric atropisomers of arenedicarboxamides induced by complexation with Lewis acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:561-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b716105k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Clayden J, Lemiègre L, Helliwell M. Synthesis and Stacked Conformations of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Oligo-ureas of Metaphenylenediamine. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2302-8. [PMID: 17343415 DOI: 10.1021/jo061989w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The addition of substituted anilines to nitro-substituted isocyanates followed by reduction generates new aniline-substituted ureas, which can be further extended in a one- or two-directional iterative manner to form oligomeric ureas based on a m-phenylenediamine monomer. Oligo-ureas with up to eight urea linkages are reported. Fully N-substituted oligo-ureas are crystalline, and the X-ray crystal structures display ring-stacked conformations. 1H NMR studies indicate that the stacked conformation persists in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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