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Kanahashi K, Urushihara M, Yamaguchi K. Machine learning-based analysis of overall stability constants of metal-ligand complexes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11159. [PMID: 35879384 PMCID: PMC9314427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability constants of metal(M)-ligand(L) complexes are industrially important because they affect the quality of the plating film and the efficiency of metal separation. Thus, it is desirable to develop an effective screening method for promising ligands. Although there have been several machine-learning approaches for predicting stability constants, most of them focus only on the first overall stability constant of M-L complexes, and the variety of cations is also limited to less than 20. In this study, two Gaussian process regression models are developed to predict the first overall stability constant and the n-th (n > 1) overall stability constants. Furthermore, the feature relevance is quantitatively evaluated via sensitivity analysis. As a result, the electronegativities of both metal and ligand are found to be the most important factor for predicting the first overall stability constant. Interestingly, the predicted value of the first overall stability constant shows the highest correlation with the n-th overall stability constant of the corresponding M-L pair. Finally, the number of features is optimized using validation data where the ligands are not included in the training data, which indicates high generalizability. This study provides valuable insights and may help accelerate molecular screening and design for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Kanahashi
- Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, 1002-14 Mukohyama, Naka, Ibaraki, 311-0102, Japan.,Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Makoto Urushihara
- Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, 1002-14 Mukohyama, Naka, Ibaraki, 311-0102, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamaguchi
- Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, 1002-14 Mukohyama, Naka, Ibaraki, 311-0102, Japan.
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Conti L, Giorgi C, Valtancoli B, Paoli P, Rossi P, Marchionni A, Faggi E, Bencini A. Switching on the Fluorescence Emission of Polypyridine Ligands by Simultaneous Zinc(II) Binding and Protonation. Chempluschem 2020; 85:659-671. [PMID: 32237220 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the two new open-chain ligands 1,15-bis-[6-(2,2'-bipyridyl)]-2,5,8,11,14-pentaaza-octadecane (L1) and 1,15-bis-[2-(1,10-phenanthroline)-9-methyl]-2,5,8,11,14-pentaazaoctadecane (L2), both featuring a tetraethylenpentaamine chain linking via methylene bridges the 6 and 2 positions of two identical 2,2'-bipyridyl (bpy) and 9-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline (9-methyl-phen) moieties respectively, are reported. Their protonation and binding ability for Cu2+ , Zn2+ , Cd2+ and Pb2+ have been studied by coupling potentiometric titrations with UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission measurements in water. L1 and L2 afford stable mono- and dinuclear complexes, in which the metal ion is bound by a single bpy or 9-methyl-phen unit and the amine groups on the aliphatic chain. However, L1 displays a greater binding ability for Cu2+ and Zn2+ with respect to L2, the stability constants of the [ML1]2+ complexes being 21.8 (Cu2+ ) and 19.4 (Zn2+ ) log units vs 20.34 and 16.8 log. units for the corresponding L2 species. Among all the metal ions tested, only the Zn2+ complex with L2 features an enhanced fluorescence emission at neutral pH, thanks to the simultaneous binding of one Zn2+ ion and H+ ion(s), that inhibits any possible photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process from the amine donors to the excited phen moiety. Binding of a second metal switches off the emission again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Conti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Barbara Valtancoli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paola Paoli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rossi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchionni
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM_CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Enrico Faggi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea Bencini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Alreja P, Kaur N. Recent advances in 1,10-phenanthroline ligands for chemosensing of cations and anions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00150e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review encompasses and highlights recent developments of 1,10-phenanthroline ligands behaving as a customized moiety used in recognition and sensing of cations and anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Alreja
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014
- India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014
- India
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Acosta-Rueda L, Delgado-Pinar E, Pitarch-Jarque J, Rodríguez A, Blasco S, González J, Basallote MG, García-España E. Correlation between the molecular structure and the kinetics of decomposition of azamacrocyclic copper(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8255-66. [PMID: 25851722 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00408j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of copper(ii) complexes with symmetrical dinucleating macrocyclic ligands containing two either monomethylated () or trimethylated () diethylenetriamine (Medien or Me3dien) subunits linked by pyridine spacers has been studied by potentiometry. Potentiometric studies show that has larger basicity than as well as higher stability of its mono- and binuclear complexes. The crystal structures of ·6HCl (), [Cu2(L1)Cl2](CF3SO3)2 (), [Cu2(L1)(OH)](ClO4)3·3H2O () and [Cu(L1)](ClO4)2 () show that adopts different coordination modes when bound to copper(ii). Whereas in , each copper(ii) is bound to one Medien subunit and to one pyridine group, in each metal center is coordinated to one 2,6-di(aminomethyl)pyridine moiety (damp) and to one aminomethyl group. The mononuclear complex shows pseudo-octahedral coordination with two weakly coordinated axial nitrogens. Kinetic studies indicate that complex decomposition is strongly dependent on the coordination mode of . Upon addition of an acid excess, all the species except [Cu2(L1)](4+) convert very rapidly to an intermediate that decomposes more slowly to copper(ii) and a protonated ligand. In contrast, [Cu2(L1)](4+) decomposes directly without the formation of any detectable intermediate. These results can be rationalized by considering that the crystal structures are maintained in solution and that the weakest Cu-N bonds are broken first, thus indicating that kinetic measurements on complex decomposition can be used to provide information about structural reorganizations in the complexes. In any case, complete decomposition of the complexes takes place in a maximum of two kinetically resolvable steps. However, minor changes in the structure of the complexes can lead to drastic changes in the kinetics of decomposition and the complexes decompose with polyphasic kinetics in which up to four different steps associated with the successive breaking of the different Cu-N bonds can be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Acosta-Rueda
- Departamento de CMIM y Química Inorgánica, e Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO); Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Avda. República Saharahui s/n Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain.
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Dey S, Sain D, Goswami S. Naphthyridine based fluorescent receptors for the recognition of uric acid. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45197f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ovejero P, Asensio E, Heras JV, Campo JA, Cano M, Torres MR, Núñez C, Lodeiro C. Silver-pyrazole complexes as hybrid multifunctional materials with metallomesogenic and photoluminescent behaviour. Dalton Trans 2013. [PMID: 23188455 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31750h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New pyridine-functionalised pyrazole compounds [Hpz(R(n)py)] (R(n) = C(6)H(4)OC(n)H(2n+1); n = 12, 14, 16, 18; 1-4) and their corresponding silver complexes [Ag(Hpz(R(n)py))(2)][A] ([A] = NO(3)(-), BF(4)(-); ) have been synthesised and characterised. All of them, with the exception of 1, are liquid crystal materials exhibiting monotropic or enantiotropic SmA mesophases, in contrast to the non-mesomorphic related R(n)-monosubstituted compounds. Because the molecular shape is a factor determinant in the organisation of molecules in the liquid crystal phase, we were interested in solving the crystal structure of representative examples of the mentioned compounds, such as 1 and 6. So, the X-ray crystal structure of [Hpz(R(12)py)] 1 shows the presence of dimeric units through N-H···N hydrogen bonds, which conform to an elongated molecular shape containing a double chain length. On the other hand, the structure of [Ag(Hpz(R(14)py))(2)][NO(3)] 6 also evidenced Ag-Ag bonded dimers from 'U'-shaped cationic entities. These dimers exhibit four chains, two by two alternated, so giving rise to a longer molecular length. Of particular interest was to observe that in both structures, the dimers are layer-like packed, their lamellar structures being related to that of the mesophases found in both kinds of compounds. Furthermore, the analysis of the optical data of the compounds 2 and 4 and the silver compounds 5, 6, 9 and 10 as representative examples pointed out their luminescent behaviour as well as their good ability to act as fluorescent probes for Zn(2+), Cu(2+) and Ag(+). An increase in the fluorescence quantum yields is observed in the final complexes produced in the titrations, this fact being specially notable when 9 was used as the starting compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Ovejero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Solov’ev V, Marcou G, Tsivadze A, Varnek A. Complexation of Mn2+, Fe2+, Y3+, La3+, Pb2+, and UO22+ with Organic Ligands: QSPR Ensemble Modeling of Stability Constants. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301271s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Solov’ev
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and
Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy prospect, 31a, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Gilles Marcou
- Laboratoire d’Infochimie,
UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue B. Pascal, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Aslan Tsivadze
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and
Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy prospect, 31a, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandre Varnek
- Laboratoire d’Infochimie,
UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue B. Pascal, Strasbourg, 67000, France
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Bazzicalupi C, Bencini A, Matera I, Puccioni S, Valtancoli B. Selective binding and fluorescence sensing of ZnII with acridine-based macrocycles. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Hargrove AE, Nieto S, Zhang T, Sessler JL, Anslyn EV. Artificial receptors for the recognition of phosphorylated molecules. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6603-782. [PMID: 21910402 PMCID: PMC3212652 DOI: 10.1021/cr100242s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Tahamipour B, Heydari R, Torbati NA, Ziyaadini M, Graiff C. Diastereoselective Synthesis and X-ray Structure of New Stable Dicyano (8a RS,10 SR,11 SR)-9,9-dicyano-10-aryl-11-benzoyl -8a,9,10,11-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2- a][1,10]phenanthrolines. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x13065171212023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthrolinium N-ylide, reacts with malonitrile and aldehydes via a domino-Knoevenagel- cyclisation to produce a new class of (8a RS,10 SR,11 SR)-9,9-dicyano-10-aryl-11-benzoyl-8a,9,10,11-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2- a][1,10] phenanthrolines in a simple and efficient protocol. Structural elucidation was done by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Tahamipour
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P. O. Box 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Reza Heydari
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P. O. Box 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | | | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Universita di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 17/A Campus Universitario 43100, Parma, Italy
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11
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Saccharinate–metal complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) as co-ligands; the synthesis, crystal and molecular structures of five new compounds of divalent metals. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Mayoral MJ, Ovejero P, Campo JA, Heras JV, Oliveira E, Pedras B, Lodeiro C, Cano M. Exploring photophysical properties of new boron and palladium(ii) complexes with β-diketone pyridine type ligands: from liquid crystals to metal fluorescence probes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02698k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Bazzicalupi C, Chioccioli M, Sissi C, Porcù E, Bonaccini C, Pivetta C, Bencini A, Giorgi C, Valtancoli B, Melani F, Gratteri P. Modeling and Biological Investigations of an Unusual Behavior of Novel Synthesized Acridine-Based Polyamine Ligands in the Binding of Double Helix and G-Quadruplex DNA. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1995-2005. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Bencini A, Lippolis V. 1,10-Phenanthroline: A versatile building block for the construction of ligands for various purposes. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mahapatra AK, Hazra G, Sahoo P. Synthesis of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole-based new colorimetric receptor for anions: A unique color change for fluoride ions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:12. [PMID: 20485594 PMCID: PMC2871001 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel indolocarbazole-based chemosensor 1 containing hydrogen bond donor moieties has been established as a selective colorimetric and fluorometric sensor for F⁻ in CH₃CN/H₂O (4:1 v/v). Upon the addition of a series of tetrabutylammonium salts to receptor 1 in aqueous CH₃CN, only when the counter ion was F⁻ was a significant color change (from light violet to dark orange) observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India.
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Bazzicalupi C, Bencini A, Biagini S, Faggi E, Farruggia G, Andreani G, Gratteri P, Prodi L, Spepi A, Valtancoli B. A highly pH-sensitive Zn(ii) chemosensor. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:7080-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00126k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Bazzicalupi C, Bencini A, Ciattini S, Denat F, Désogère P, Goze C, Matera I, Valtancoli B. Proton and metal binding by cyclen-based highly rigid cryptands. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:11643-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00948b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bazzicalupi C, Bencini A, Biagini S, Faggi E, Meini S, Giorgi C, Spepi A, Valtancoli B. Exploring the binding ability of phenanthroline-based polyammonium receptors for anions: hints for design of selective chemosensors for nucleotides. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7349-63. [PMID: 19743804 DOI: 10.1021/jo901423m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of receptor 2,6,10,14,18-pentaaza[20]-21,34-phenanthrolinophane (L1), containing a pentaamine chain linking the 2,9 positions of a phenanthroline unit, is reported. The protonation features of L1 and of receptor 2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaaza[23]-24,37-phenanthrolinophane (L2) have been studied by means of potentiometric, (1)H NMR, and spectrofluorimetric measurements; this study points out that the fluorescent emission of both receptors depends on the protonation state of the polyamine chain. In fact, the receptors are emissive only at neutral or acidic pH values, where all the aliphatic amine groups are protonated. Potentiometric titrations show that L2 is able to bind selectively ATP over TTP, CTP, and GTP. This selectivity is lost in the case of L1. (1)H and (31)P NMR measurements and molecular mechanics calculations show that the phosphate chains of nucleotides give strong electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions with the ammonium groups of the protonated receptors, while the nucleobases interact either via pi-stacking with phenanthroline or via hydrogen bonding with the ammonium groups. Of note, MM calculations suggest that all nucleotides interact in an inclusive fashion. In fact, in all adducts the phosphate chain is enclosed within the receptor cavities. This structural feature is confirmed by the crystal structure of the [(H(6)L2)(2)(TTP)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](4+) adduct. Fluorescence emission measurements at different pH values show that L2 is also able to ratiometrically sense ATP in a narrow pH range, thanks to emission quenching due to a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process from an amine group of the receptor to the excited phenanthroline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bazzicalupi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Bazzicalupi C, Bencini A, Biagini S, Bianchi A, Faggi E, Giorgi C, Marchetta M, Totti F, Valtancoli B. Polyamine Receptors Containing Dipyridine or Phenanthroline Units: Clues for the Design of Fluorescent Chemosensors for Metal Ions. Chemistry 2009; 15:8049-8063. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Keypour H, Dehghani-Firouzabadi AA, Khavasi HR. Synthesis and characterization of three novel manganese(II) octaaza macrocyclic Schiff base complexes containing a phenanthroline and two pyridyl units as pendant arms. X-ray crystal structure determination of one manganese(II) complex. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Sgarlata C, Zito V, Arena G, Consoli GML, Galante E, Geraci C. A sinapic acid–calix[4]arene hybrid selectively binds Pb2+ over Hg2+ and Cd2+. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tamayo A, Oliveira E, Covelo B, Casabó J, Escriche L, Lodeiro C. Exploring the Interaction of Anthracene-Containing Macrocyclic Chemosensors with Silver(I) and Cadmium(II) Ions – Photophysical and Structural Studies. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Engel Y, Dahan A, Rozenshine-Kemelmakher E, Gozin M. Phenanthroline-Derived Ratiometric Chemosensor for Ureas. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2318-28. [PMID: 17328574 DOI: 10.1021/jo062130h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of 1,10-phenanthroline fluorophore-based chemosensor 7 and its truncated analog 9 are reported. Interactions of these compounds with urea, thiourea, 1,3-dimethylurea, tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, imidazolidin-2-one, and selected uronium salts were assessed by three-dimensional excitation-emission spectroscopy, UV-vis absorbance, and fluorescence titrations. Chemosensor 7 was found to be capable of distinguishing between neutral ureas and their salts, by producing a different optical response for each type of compounds. The complexation of urea by 7 was also studied by selective-NOE 1H NMR, 13C NMR (using 13C-labeled guest), and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. In addition, we performed DFT calculations (B3LYP 3-21g** level) for structures of complexes of 7 with urea, imidazolidin-2-one, and tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one. Development of chemosensor 7-type compounds in conjunction with differential excitation-emission spectroscopy represents an important step toward the development of novel tools for ureas and their salts analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoni Engel
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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