1
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Ligare MR, Morrison KA, Hewitt MA, Reveles JU, Govind N, Hernandez H, Baker ES, Clowers BH, Laskin J, Johnson GE. Ion Mobility Spectrometry Characterization of the Intermediate Hydrogen-Containing Gold Cluster Au 7(PPh 3) 7H 52. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2502-2508. [PMID: 33667097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We employ ion mobility spectrometry and density functional theory to determine the structure of Au7(PPh3)7H52+ (PPh3 = triphenylphosphine), which was recently identified by high mass resolution mass spectrometry. Experimental ion-neutral collision cross sections represent the momentum transfer between the ionic clusters and gas molecules averaged over the relative thermal velocities of the colliding pair, thereby providing structural insights. Theoretical calculations indicate the geometry of Au7(PPh3)7H52+ is similar to Au7(PPh3)7+, with three hydrogen atoms bridging two gold atoms and two hydrogen atoms forming single Au-H bonds. Collision-induced dissociation products observed during IMS experiments reveal that smaller hydrogen-containing clusters may be produced through fragmentation of Au7(PPh3)7H52+. Our findings indicate that hydrogen-containing species like Au7(PPh3)7H52+ act as intermediates in the formation of larger phosphine ligated gold clusters. These results advance the understanding and ability to control the mechanisms of size-selective cluster formation, which is necessary for scalable synthesis of clusters with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall R Ligare
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kelsey A Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Michael A Hewitt
- Department of Chemistry, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa 50112, United States
| | - J Ulises Reveles
- Advanced Career Education (ACE) Center at Highland Springs, Highland Springs, Virginia 23075, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Heriberto Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa 50112, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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2
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Rocchigiani L, Bochmann M. Recent Advances in Gold(III) Chemistry: Structure, Bonding, Reactivity, and Role in Homogeneous Catalysis. Chem Rev 2020; 121:8364-8451. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rocchigiani
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR47TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR47TJ, United Kingdom
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3
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Cirri A, Hernández HM, Johnson CJ. Hydride, chloride, and bromide show similar electronic effects in the Au9(PPh3)83+ nanocluster. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1283-1285. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08009k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydride and halide ligands in gold nanoclusters exhibit an unexpected similar electronic relationship, suggesting an underlying chemical linkage between them.
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4
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A. C. A. Bayrakdar T, Scattolin T, Ma X, Nolan SP. Dinuclear gold(i) complexes: from bonding to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7044-7100. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00438c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have seen a veritable explosion in the use of gold(i) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and phosphine (PR3) ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Xinyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
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5
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Lundberg L, Martini P, Goulart M, Gatchell M, Bohme DK, Scheier P. Hydrogenated Gold Clusters from Helium Nanodroplets: Cluster Ionization and Affinities for Protons and Hydrogen Molecules. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1906-1913. [PMID: 31168747 PMCID: PMC6805818 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the mass spectrometric detection of hydrogenated gold clusters ionized by electron transfer and proton transfer. The cations appear after the pickup of hydrogen molecules and gold atoms by helium nanodroplets (HNDs) near zero K and subsequent exposure to electron impact. We focus on the size distributions of the gold cluster cations and their hydrogen content, the electron energy dependence of the ion yield, patterns of hydrogenated gold cluster cation stability, and the presence of "magic" clusters. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations were performed to provide insight into ionization energies and proton affinities of gold clusters as well as into molecular hydrogen affinities of the ionized and protonated gold cluster cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Lundberg
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Martini
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marcelo Goulart
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Gatchell
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diethard K Bohme
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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6
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Zavras A, Khairallah GN, Krstić M, Girod M, Daly S, Antoine R, Maitre P, Mulder RJ, Alexander SA, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Dugourd P, O'Hair RAJ. Ligand-induced substrate steering and reshaping of [Ag2(H)](+) scaffold for selective CO2 extrusion from formic acid. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11746. [PMID: 27265868 PMCID: PMC4897753 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloenzymes preorganize the reaction environment to steer substrate(s) along the required reaction coordinate. Here, we show that phosphine ligands selectively facilitate protonation of binuclear silver hydride cations, [LAg2(H)]+ by optimizing the geometry of the active site. This is a key step in the selective, catalysed extrusion of carbon dioxide from formic acid, HO2CH, with important applications (for example, hydrogen storage). Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions, collision-induced dissociation (CID), infrared and ultraviolet action spectroscopy and computational chemistry link structure to reactivity and mechanism. [Ag2(H)]+ and [Ph3PAg2(H)]+ react with formic acid yielding Lewis adducts, while [(Ph3P)2Ag2(H)]+ is unreactive. Using bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) reshapes the geometry of the binuclear Ag2(H)+ scaffold, triggering reactivity towards formic acid, to produce [dppmAg2(O2CH)]+ and H2. Decarboxylation of [dppmAg2(O2CH)]+ via CID regenerates [dppmAg2(H)]+. These gas-phase insights inspired variable temperature NMR studies that show CO2 and H2 production at 70 °C from solutions containing dppm, AgBF4, NaO2CH and HO2CH. Designing catalysts and understanding the influence of ligands for particular transformations remains a highly challenging task. Here, the authors show that bisphosphine ligands can alter the geometry of the active site in silver catalysts, driving protonation and ultimately extrusion of carbon dioxide from formic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Zavras
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - George N Khairallah
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marjan Krstić
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology - Integration of Mediterranean region (STIM) at Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Science and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marion Girod
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1-CNRS-ENS Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Steven Daly
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Maitre
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Bâtiment 349, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Roger J Mulder
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Stefanie-Ann Alexander
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology - Integration of Mediterranean region (STIM) at Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Science and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia.,Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Dugourd
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Richard A J O'Hair
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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7
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Roşca DA, Wright JA, Bochmann M. An element through the looking glass: exploring the Au-C, Au-H and Au-O energy landscape. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:20785-807. [PMID: 26584519 PMCID: PMC4669034 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03930d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold, the archetypal "noble metal", used to be considered of little interest in catalysis. It is now clear that this was a misconception, and a multitude of gold-catalysed transformations has been reported. However, one consequence of the long-held view of gold as inert metal is that its organometallic chemistry contains many "unknowns", and catalytic cycles devised to explain gold's reactivity draw largely on analogies with other transition metals. How realistic are such mechanistic assumptions? In the last few years a number of key compound classes have been discovered that can provide some answers. This Perspective attempts to summarise these developments, with particular emphasis on recently discovered gold(iii) complexes with bonds to hydrogen, oxygen, alkenes and CO ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragoş-Adrian Roşca
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)16035 92044
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr , Germany
| | - Joseph A. Wright
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)16035 92044
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)16035 92044
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8
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Vikse KL, Zavras A, Thomas TH, Ariafard A, Khairallah GN, Canty AJ, Yates BF, O’Hair RAJ. Prying open a Reactive Site for Allylic Arylation by Phosphine-Ligated Geminally Diaurated Aryl Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krista L. Vikse
- ARC Centre of Excellence
for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Athanasios Zavras
- ARC Centre of Excellence
for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tudor H. Thomas
- ARC Centre of Excellence
for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - George N. Khairallah
- ARC Centre of Excellence
for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Allan J. Canty
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Brian F. Yates
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Richard A. J. O’Hair
- ARC Centre of Excellence
for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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9
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Jašíková L, Roithová J. Interaction of Gold Acetylides with Gold(I) or Silver(I) Cations. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4006774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Jašíková
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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10
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Schmidbaur H, Raubenheimer HG, Dobrzańska L. The gold-hydrogen bond, Au-H, and the hydrogen bond to gold, Au∙∙∙H-X. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:345-80. [PMID: 23999756 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60251f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the first part of this review, the characteristics of Au-H bonds in gold hydrides are reviewed including the data of recently prepared stable organometallic complexes with gold(I) and gold(III) centers. In the second part, the reports are summarized where authors have tried to provide evidence for hydrogen bonds to gold of the type Au∙∙∙H-X. Such interactions have been proposed for gold atoms in the Au(-I), Au(0), Au(I), and Au(III) oxidation states as hydrogen bonding acceptors and H-X units with X = O, N, C as donors, based on both experimental and quantum chemistry studies. To complement these findings, the literature was screened for examples with similar molecular geometries, for which such bonding has not yet been considered. In the discussion of the results, the recently issued IUPAC definitions of hydrogen bonding and the currently accepted description of agostic interactions have been used as guidelines to rank the Au∙∙∙H-X interactions in this broad range of weak chemical bonding. From the available data it appears that all the intra- and intermolecular Au∙∙∙H-X contacts are associated with very low binding energies and non-specific directionality. To date, the energetics have not been estimated, because there are no thermochemical and very limited IR/Raman and temperature-dependent NMR data that can be used as reliable references. Where conspicuous structural or spectroscopic effects have been observed, explanations other than hydrogen bonding Au∙∙∙H-X can also be advanced in most cases. Although numerous examples of short Au∙∙∙H-X contacts exist in the literature, it seems, at this stage, that these probably make only very minor contributions to the energy of a given system and have only a marginal influence on molecular conformations which so far have most often attracted researchers to this topic. Further, more dedicated investigations will be necessary before well founded conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.
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11
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Zavras A, Khairallah GN, Connell TU, White JM, Edwards AJ, Donnelly PS, O'Hair RAJ. Synthesis, Structure and Gas-Phase Reactivity of a Silver Hydride Complex [Ag3{(PPh2)2CH2}3(μ3-H)(μ3-Cl)]BF4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8391-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Zavras A, Khairallah GN, Connell TU, White JM, Edwards AJ, Donnelly PS, O'Hair RAJ. Synthesis, Structure and Gas-Phase Reactivity of a Silver Hydride Complex [Ag3{(PPh2)2CH2}3(μ3-H)(μ3-Cl)]BF4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Wei J, Li H, Barrow MP, O'Connor PB. Structural characterization of chlorophyll-a by high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:753-760. [PMID: 23504642 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer is used for characterizing the fragmentation of chlorophyll-a. Three tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) techniques, including electron-induced dissociation (EID), collisionally activated dissociation (CAD), and infrared mutiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) are applied to the singly protonated chlorophyll-a. Some previously unpublished fragments are identified unambiguously by utilizing high resolution and accurate mass value provided by the FTICR mass spectrometer. According to this research, the two long aliphatic side chains are shown to be the most labile parts, and favorable cleavage sites are proposed. Even though similar fragmentation patterns are generated by all three methods, there are much more abundant peaks in EID and IRMPD spectra. The similarities and differences are discussed in detail. Comparatively, cleavage leading to odd electron species and H(•) loss both seem more common in EID experiments. Extensive loss of small side groups (e.g., methyl and ethyl) next to the macrocyclic ring was observed. Coupling the high performance FTICR mass spectrometer with contemporary MS/MS techniques, especially IRMPD and EID, proved to be very promising for the structural characterization of chlorophyll, which is also suitable for the rapid and accurate structural investigation of other singly charged porphyrinic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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14
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Robinson PSD, Khairallah GN, da Silva G, Lioe H, O'Hair RAJ. Gold-Mediated CI Bond Activation of Iodobenzene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Robinson PSD, Khairallah GN, da Silva G, Lioe H, O'Hair RAJ. Gold-Mediated CI Bond Activation of Iodobenzene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3812-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Tang Y, Yu B. Identification of (phosphine)gold(i) hydrates and their equilibria in wet solutions. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22282e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Helgard G. Raubenheimer
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland
7602, South Africa
| | - Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Chemistry
Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Corma A, Ródenas T, Sabater MJ. Monoalkylations with alcohols by a cascade reaction on bifunctional solid catalysts: Reaction kinetics and mechanism. J Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2011.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Labouille S, Escalle-Lewis A, Jean Y, Mézailles N, Le Floch P. Mechanism of the Dehydrogenative Silylation of Alcohols Catalyzed by Cationic Gold Complexes: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2011; 17:2256-65. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Kaczorowska MA, Cooper HJ. Electron induced dissociation (EID) tandem mass spectrometry of octaethylporphyrin and its iron(iii) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:418-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Kaczorowska MA, Cooper HJ. Electron induced dissociation: a mass spectrometry technique for the structural analysis of trinuclear oxo-centred carboxylate-bridged iron complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:1398-1403. [PMID: 20444621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report electron induced dissociation (EID) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry of the singly-charged cations [Fe(3)O(CH(3)COO)(6)](+) and [Fe(3)O(HCOO)(6)+H(2)O](+). Trinuclear oxo-centered carboxylate-bridged iron complexes of this type are of interest due to their electronic and magnetic properties, and because of their role as synthetic precursors of single molecule magnets. EID of these complexes is particularly efficient and provides detailed information about the triangular core, and the nature and number of ligands. EID behavior is in marked contrast to the collision induced dissociation (CID) of these species. Whereas EID allows virtually complete structural characterization, the structural information provided by CID is very limited. The results suggest that EID is particularly suitable for the structural analysis of singly-charged polynuclear metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata A Kaczorowska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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22
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Corma A, Ródenas T, Sabater MJ. A bifunctional Pd/MgO solid catalyst for the one-pot selective N-monoalkylation of amines with alcohols. Chemistry 2010; 16:254-60. [PMID: 19904774 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It has been found that a bifunctional metal Pd/base (MgO) catalyst performs the selective monoalkylation of amines with alcohols. The reaction goes through a series of consecutive steps in a cascade mode that involves: 1) the abstraction of hydrogen from the alcohol that produces the metal hydride and the carbonyl compound; 2) condensation of the carbonyl with the amine to give an imine, and 3) hydrogenation of the imine with the surface hydrogen atoms from the metal hydride. Based on isotopic and spectroscopic studies and on the rate of each elementary step, a global reaction mechanism has been proposed. The controlling step of the process is the hydride transfer from the metal to the imine. By changing the crystallite size of the Pd, it is demonstrated that this is a structure-sensitive reaction, whereas the competing processes that lead to subproducts are not. On these bases, a highly selective catalyst has been obtained with Pd crystallite size below 2.5 nm in diameter. The high efficiency of the catalytic system has allowed us to extend the process to the one-pot synthesis of piperazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Avda. Los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Rijs NJ, Sanvido GB, Khairallah GN, O'Hair RAJ. Gas phase synthesis and reactivity of dimethylaurate. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:8655-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00508h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Juárez R, Parker SF, Concepción P, Corma A, García H. Heterolytic and heterotopic dissociation of hydrogen on ceria-supported gold nanoparticles. Combined inelastic neutron scattering and FT-IR spectroscopic study on the nature and reactivity of surface hydrogen species. Chem Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00336k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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25
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New route for the synthesis of benzimidazoles by a one-pot multistep process with mono and bifunctional solid catalysts. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Feketeová L, Ryzhov V, O'Hair RAJ. Comparison of collision- versus electron-induced dissociation of Pt(II) ternary complexes of histidine- and methionine-containing peptides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3133-3143. [PMID: 19714712 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Incubation of the histidine-containing peptides (GH, HG, GGH, GHG, HGG) and methionine-containing peptides (GM, MG, GGM, GMG, MGG) with the platinum complexes [Pt(terpy)Cl](+) (A) and [Pt(dien)Cl](+) (B) followed by electrospray ionisation (ESI) led to a number of singly and doubly charged ternary platinum peptide complexes, including [Pt(L)M](2+) and [Pt(L)M-H](+) (where L = the ligand terpy or dien; M is a peptide). Each of the [Pt(L)M](2+) complexes was subjected to electron capture dissociation (ECD), collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron-induced dissociation (EID), while each of the [Pt(L)M-H](+) complexes was subjected to CID and EID. Results from ECD suggest that the free electron is captured by the metal ion thus weakening the bonds to its ligands. In the case of the ligand terpy, which binds more strongly than dien, this weakening leads to the loss of the peptide. The minor products in the ECD spectra of [Pt(terpy)M](2+) complexes do show fragmentation along the peptide backbone, but the ions observed are of the a-, b-, and y-type. For the complexes with methionine-containing peptides, a marker ion, [Pt(L)SCH(3)](+), was found which is indicative of binding of Pt to the methionine side chain. For the histidine-containing peptides, an ion containing platinum, the auxiliary ligand, and the histidine imine was observed in many instances, thus indicating the binding of the histidine side chain to the metal, but other modes of Pt coordination (N-terminus) were also found to be competitive. These findings are consistent with a recent finding (Sze et al. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 2009; 14: 163) that Pt occupies the methionine-rich copper(I)-binding site rather than histidine-rich copper(II)-binding site in the CopC protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Feketeová
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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27
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Ito H, Saito T, Miyahara T, Zhong C, Sawamura M. Gold(I) Hydride Intermediate in Catalysis: Dehydrogenative Alcohol Silylation Catalyzed by Gold(I) Complex. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900445w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyahara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Chongmin Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Henderson MA, Kwok S, McIndoe JS. Gas-phase reactivity of ruthenium carbonyl cluster anions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:658-666. [PMID: 19185511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Partially-ligated anionic ruthenium carbonyl clusters react with alkenes, arenes, and alkanes in the gas phase; the products undergo extensive C-H activation and lose dihydrogen and carbon monoxide under collision-induced dissociation conditions. Triethylsilane and phenylsilane are also reactive towards the unsaturated clusters, and oxygen was shown to rapidly break down the cluster core by oxidative cleavage of the metal-metal bonds. These qualitative gas-phase reactivity studies were conducted using an easily-installed and inexpensive modification of a commercial electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. Interpretation of the large amounts of data generated in these studies is made relatively straightforward by employing energy-dependent electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EDESI-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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29
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Khairallah GN, Waters T, O'Hair RAJ. C–C bond coupling between the organometallic cations CH3Ag2+, CH3Cu2+ and CH3AgCu+ and allyliodide. Dalton Trans 2009:2832-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b822371h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Feketeová L, O'Hair RAJ. Comparison of collision- versus electron-induced dissociation of sodium chloride cluster cations. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:60-64. [PMID: 19051229 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron-induced dissociation (EID) spectra of the [(NaCl)(m)(Na)(n)](n+) clusters of sodium chloride have been examined in a hybrid linear ion trap Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. For singly charged cluster ions (n = 1), mass spectra for CID and EID of the precursor exhibit clear differences, which become more pronounced for the larger cluster ions. Whereas CID yields fewer product ions, EID produces all possible [(NaCl)(x)Na](+) product ions. In the case of doubly charged cluster ions, EID again leads to a larger variety of product ions. In addition, doubly charged product ions have been observed due to loss of neutral NaCl unit(s). For example, EID of [(NaCl)(11)(Na)(2)](2+) leads to formation of [(NaCl)(10)(Na)(2)](2+), which appears to be the smallest doubly charged cluster of sodium chloride observed experimentally to date. The most abundant product ions in EID spectra are predominantly magic number cluster ions. Finally, [(NaCl)(m)(Na)(2)](+*) radical cations, formed via capture of low-energy electrons, fragment via the loss of [(NaCl)(n)(Na)](*) radical neutrals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Feketeová
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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31
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Vicent C, Feliz M, Llusar R. Intrinsic Gas-Phase Reactivity toward Methanol of Trinuclear Tungsten W3S4 Complexes Bearing W−X (X = Br, OH) Groups. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12550-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804263q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vicent
- Serveis Centrals d′Instrumentació Cientifica and Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Marta Feliz
- Serveis Centrals d′Instrumentació Cientifica and Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Rosa Llusar
- Serveis Centrals d′Instrumentació Cientifica and Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain
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Tsui E, Müller P, Sadighi J. Reactions of a Stable Monomeric Gold(I) Hydride Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8937-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Tsui E, Müller P, Sadighi J. Reactions of a Stable Monomeric Gold(I) Hydride Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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35
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Lioe H, O'Hair RAJ. Comparison of collision-induced dissociation and electron-induced dissociation of singly protonated aromatic amino acids, cystine and related simple peptides using a hybrid linear ion trap-FT-ICR mass spectrometer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:1429-37. [PMID: 17874085 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase fragmentation reactions of singly protonated aromatic amino acids, their simple peptides as well as simple models for intermolecular disulfide bonds have been examined using a commercially available hybrid linear ion trap-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. Low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) reactions within the linear ion trap are compared with electron-induced dissociation (EID) reactions within the FT-ICR cell. Dramatic differences are observed between low-energy CID (which occurs via vibrational excitation) and EID. For example, the aromatic amino acids mainly fragment via competitive losses of NH(3) and (H(2)O+CO) under CID conditions, while side-chain benzyl cations are major fragment ions under EID conditions. EID also appears to be superior in cleaving the S-S and S-C bonds of models of peptides containing an intermolecular disulfide bond. Systematic studies involving fragmentation as a function of electron energy reveal that the fragmentation efficiency for EID occurs at high electron energy (more than 10 eV) compared with the low-electron energy (less than 0.2 eV) typically observed for electron capture dissociation fragmentation. Finally, owing to similarities between the types of fragment ions observed under EID conditions and those previously reported in ultraviolet photodissociation experiments and the electron-ionization mass spectra, we propose that EID results in fragmentation via electronic excitation and vibrational excitation. EID may find applications in analyzing singly charged molecular ions formed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Lioe
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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36
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Feyel S, Schwarz H, Schröder D, Daniel C, Hartl H, Döbler J, Sauer J, Santambrogio G, Wöste L, Asmis KR. Gas-Phase Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Tetravanadiumoxo and Oxo–Methoxo Cluster Anions. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:1640-7. [PMID: 17607689 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The infrared spectra of the binary vanadium oxide cluster anions V(4)O(9)(-) and V(4)O(10)(-) and of the related methoxo clusters V(4)O(9)(OCH(3))(-) and V(4)O(8)(OCH(3))(2)(-) are recorded in the gas phase by photodissociation of the mass-selected ions using an infrared laser. For the oxide clusters V(4)O(9)(-) and V(4)O(10)(-), the bands of the terminal vanadyl oxygen atoms, nu(V-O(t)), and of the bridging oxygen atoms, nu(V-O(b)-V), are identified clearly. The clusters in which one or two of the oxo groups are replaced by methoxo ligands show additional absorptions which are assigned to the C-O stretch, nu(C-O). Density functional calculations are used as a complement for the experimental studies and the interpretation of the infrared spectra. The results depend in an unusual way on the functional employed (BLYP versus B3LYP), which is due to the presence of both V-O(CH(3)) single and V=O double bonds as terminal bonds and to the strong multireference character of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Feyel
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Khairallah GN, O'Hair RAJ. Activation of the C–I and C–OH bonds of 2-iodoethanol by gas phase silver cluster cations yields subvalent silver-iodide and -hydroxide cluster cations. Dalton Trans 2007:3149-57. [PMID: 17637990 DOI: 10.1039/b700132k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The gas phase ion-molecule reactions of silver cluster cations (Ag(n)(+)) and silver hydride cluster cations (Ag(m)H(+)) with 2-iodoethanol have been examined using multistage mass spectrometry experiments in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. These clusters exhibit size selective reactivity: Ag(2)H(+), Ag(3)(+), and Ag(4)H(+) undergo sequential ligand addition only, while Ag(5)(+) and Ag(6)H(+) also promote both C-I and C-OH bond activation of 2-iodoethanol. Collision induced dissociation (CID) of Ag(5)HIO(+), the product of C-I and C-OH bond activation by Ag(5)(+), yielded Ag(4)OH(+), Ag(4)I(+) and Ag(3)(+), consistent with a structure containing AgI and AgOH moieties. Ag(6)H(+) promotes both C-I and C-OH bond activation of 2-iodoethanol to yield the metathesis product Ag(6)I(+) as well as Ag(6)H(2)IO(+). The metathesis product Ag(6)I(+) also promotes C-I and C-OH bond activation.DFT calculations were carried out to gain insights into the reaction of Ag(5)(+) with ICH(2)CH(2)OH by calculating possible structures and their energies for the following species: (i) initial adducts of Ag(5)(+) and ICH(2)CH(2)OH, (ii) the subsequent Ag(5)HIO(+) product, (iii) CID products of Ag(5)HIO(+). Potential adducts were probed by allowing ICH(2)CH(2)OH to bind in different ways (monodentate through I, monodentate through OH, bidentate) at different sites for two isomers of Ag(5)(+): the global minimum "bowtie" structure, 1, and the higher energy trigonal bipyramidal isomer, 2. The following structural trends emerged: (i) ICH(2)CH(2)OH binds in a monodentate fashion to the silver core with little distortion, (ii) ICH(2)CH(2)OH binds to 1 in a bidentate fashion with some distortion to the silver core, and (iii) ICH(2)CH(2)OH binds to 2 and results in a significant distortion or rearrangement of the silver core. The DFT calculated minimum energy structure of Ag(5)HIO(+) consists of an OH ligated to the face of a distorted trigonal bipyramid with I located at a vertex, while those for both Ag(4)X(+) (X = OH, I) involve AgX bound to a Ag(3)(+) core. The calculations also predict the following: (i) the ion-molecule reaction of Ag(5)(+) and ICH(2)CH(2)OH to yield Ag(5)HIO(+) is exothermic by 34.3 kcal mol(-1), consistent with the fact that this reaction readily occurs under the near thermal experimental conditions, (ii) the lowest energy products for fragmentation of Ag(5)HIO(+) arise from loss of AgI, consistent with this being the major pathway in the CID experiments.
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