C28fullerites—structure, electronic properties and intercalates

Effects of Electron Correlation inside Disordered Crystals

We propose a novel approach for characterising the electron spectrum of disordered crystals constructed from a Hamiltonian of electrons as well as phonons and a diagram approach for Green’s function. The system’s electronic states were modelled by means of the multi-band, tight-binding approach. The system’s Hamiltonian is described based on the electron wave functions at the field of the atom nucleus. Our novel approach incorporates the long-range Coulomb interplay of electrons located in different lattice positions. Explicit interpretations of Green’s functions are derived using a diagram method.Equations are obtained for the vertex components for the mass operators of the electron–electron as well aselectron–phonon interplays. A system of equations for the spectrum of elementary excitations in the crystal is obtained, in which the vertex components for the mass operators of electron–electron as well as electron–phonon interplays are renormalised. Thismakes it possible to perform numerical computationsfor the system’s energy spectrum with a predetermined accuracy. In contrast to other approaches in which electron correlations are only taken into account in the limiting cases of an infinitely large and infinitesimal electron density, in this method, electron correlations are described in the general case of an arbitrary density. We obtained the cluster expansion of the density of states (DOS) of the disordered systems. We demonstrate that the addition of the electron-scattering mechanismsto the clusters is decreasing. This happens due to a growing number of positions in the cluster, which hang ontothe small parameter. The computing exactness is fixed by a small parameter for cluster expansion of Green’s functions of electrons as well as phonons.

Theory of Electron Correlation in Disordered Crystals

This paper presents a new method of describing the electronic spectrum and electrical conductivity of disordered crystals based on the Hamiltonian of electrons and phonons. Electronic states of a system are described by the tight-binding model. Expressions for Green’s functions and electrical conductivity are derived using the diagram method. Equations are obtained for the vertex parts of the mass operators of the electron–electron and electron–phonon interactions. A system of exact equations is obtained for the spectrum of elementary excitations in a crystal. This makes it possible to perform numerical calculations of the energy spectrum and to predict the properties of the system with a predetermined accuracy. In contrast to other approaches, in which electron correlations are taken into account only in the limiting cases of an infinitely large and infinitesimal electron density, in this method, electron correlations are described in the general case of an arbitrary density. The cluster expansion is obtained for the density of states and electrical conductivity of disordered systems. We show that the contribution of the electron scattering processes to clusters is decreasing, along with increasing the number of sites in the cluster, which depends on a small parameter.

Electron Transport in Carbon Nanotubes with Adsorbed Chromium Impurities

We employ Green’s function method for describing multiband models with magnetic impurities and apply the formalism to the problem of chromium impurities adsorbed onto a carbon nanotube. Density functional theory is used to determine the bandstructure, which is then fit to a tight-binding model to allow for the subsequent Green’s function description. Electron–electron interactions, electron–phonon coupling, and disorder scattering are all taken into account (perturbatively) with a theory that involves a cluster extension of the coherent potential approximation. We show how increasing the cluster size produces more accurate results and how the final calculations converge as a function of the cluster size. We examine the spin-polarized electrical current on the nanotube generated by the magnetic impurities adsorbed onto the nanotube surface. The spin polarization increases with both increasing concentration of chromium impurities and with increasing magnetic field. Its origin arises from the strong electron correlations generated by the Cr impurities.

The smallest stable fullerene, M@C28 (m = Ti, Zr, U): stabilization and growth from carbon vapor

The smallest fullerene to form in condensing carbon vapor has received considerable interest since the discovery of Buckminsterfullerene, C(60). Smaller fullerenes remain a largely unexplored class of all-carbon molecules that are predicted to exhibit fascinating properties due to the large degree of curvature and resulting highly pyramidalized carbon atoms in their structures. However, that curvature also renders the smallest fullerenes highly reactive, making them difficult to detect experimentally. Gas-phase attempts to investigate the smallest fullerene by stabilization through cage encapsulation of a metal have been hindered by the complexity of mass spectra that result from vaporization experiments which include non-fullerene clusters, empty cages, and metallofullerenes. We use high-resolution FT-ICR mass spectrometry to overcome that problem and investigate formation of the smallest fullerene by use of a pulsed laser vaporization cluster source. Here, we report that the C(28) fullerene stabilized by encapsulation with an appropriate metal forms directly from carbon vapor as the smallest fullerene under our conditions. Its stabilization is investigated, and we show that M@C(28) is formed by a bottom-up growth mechanism and is a precursor to larger metallofullerenes. In fact, it appears that the encapsulating metal species may catalyze or nucleate endohedral fullerene formation.