Eu(iii) dithiocarbamate complex and N-p-tolylsulfonylphenylalanine as a novel chiral catalyst for the asymmetric synthesis of cyanohydrins

Dithiocarbamates: Properties, Methodological Approaches and Challenges to Their Control

Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) are a group of chemicals used primarily as fungicides, although they are exploited for various other applications. DTCs represent one of the oldest classes of broad-spectrum fungicides employed worldwide to control fungal diseases on many crops. Due to their ease of synthesis, low production costs (cheap and readily available starting materials) and a fungicidal activity with a multi-site mode of action, they are still among modern agriculture's most extensively used pesticides. Although the environmental degradation in air, water, and soil is relatively rapid due to photolysis and/or hydrolysis, they are among the most frequently detected pesticides in the European Union (EU), also with a high frequency of maximum residue level (MRL) exceedances. The current review aims to comprehensively survey all aspects of DTCs, including the environmental fate, toxicity and analytical methods for determining parental compounds and degradation products in environmental and food samples. Furthermore, the accumulation of carbamate and dithiocarbamate pesticides in vegetables, fruits, bioindicator organisms and human biological samples, as well as their health effects on humans, are also considered in this study.

The Versatility in the Applications of Dithiocarbamates

Dithiocarbamate ligands have the ability to form stable complexes with transition metals, and this chelating ability has been utilized in numerous applications. The complexes have also been used to synthesize other useful compounds. Here, the up-to-date applications of dithiocarbamate ligands and complexes are extensively discussed. Some of these are their use as enzyme inhibitor and treatment of HIV and other diseases. The application as anticancer, antimicrobial, medical imaging and anti-inflammatory agents is examined. Moreover, the application in the industry as vulcanization accelerator, froth flotation collector, antifouling, coatings, lubricant additives and sensors is discussed. The various ways in which they have been employed in synthesis of other compounds are highlighted. Finally, the agricultural uses and remediation of heavy metals via dithiocarbamate compounds are comprehensively discussed.

Lanthanide(iii) morpholine 4-dithiocarbamate complexes: Pr(iii) derivative shows first example of polymeric lanthanide(iii) dithiocarbamate

Polymeric and discrete Ln(iii) morpholine 4-dithiocarbamate complexes [Ln(Phen)(Mph-Dtc)₃]x·CH₂Cl₂ [Ln = Pr (1), Nd (2) and Eu (3); Mph-Dtc = morpholine 4-dithiocarbamate; x = 2 (1) or 1 (2, 3)] have been synthesized and characterized.