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Chae E, Choi SS. Quantification of tire tread wear particle in road dust through pyrolytic technique. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17796. [PMID: 37483690 PMCID: PMC10359866 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Road dust cotains tire wear particles (TWPs) and a large amount of mineral particles (MPs). Given that tire tread in vehicles is mainly comprised of natural rubber (NR), isoprene and dipentene could be the main pyrogenic products stemmed from the thermolysis of NR. This offers a great chance to quantify the exact mass of TWP in road dust. As such, this study focused on the influence of MPs on the trends in thermolytic behaviors of NR using the resistive furnace (furnance) and Curie point pyrolyzers. This study confirmed that a reliable correlation in line with the formation of isoprene and dipentene could not be realized using the furnace type of a pyrolyzer. This means that employing the furnace type of a pyrolyzer in quantitification of TWPs could not be a viable and approproiate option due to the diverted thermolytic trends of NR due to differences in the heat transfer and adsoprtion of the pyrogenic products triggered by MPs. In the Curie point type of a pyrolyzer, the production rates of isoprene and dipentene were linearly responded to the mass of NR. The ferromagnetic substance in MPs could lead to the thermolytic trend change of NR. Thus, adopting the Curie point type of a pyrolyzer could be a viable option for quantification of TWPs in road dust when the effects of ferromagnetic substance are well neutralized.
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Brazález E, Macià H, Díaz G, Baeza_Romero M, Valero E, Valero V. FUME: An air quality decision support system for cities based on CEP technology and fuzzy logic. Appl Soft Comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2022.109536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tudu P, Gaine T, Mahanty S, Mitra S, Bhattacharyya S, Chaudhuri P. Impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on the elemental profile of PM
10
present in the ambient aerosol of an educational institute in Kolkata, India. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT 2022. [PMCID: PMC9111065 DOI: 10.1002/tqem.21862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reduction in air pollution level was prime observation during COVID‐19 lockdown globally. Here, the study was conducted to assess the impact of lockdown on the elemental profile of PM10 in ambient aerosol to quantify the elemental variation. To quantify the variation, phase‐wise sampling of air pollutants was carried out using the gravimetric method for PM10, while NO2 and SO2 were estimated through the chemiluminescence and fluorescent spectrometric method respectively. The elemental constituents of PM10 were carried out using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer and their source apportionment was carried out using the Positive Matrix Factorization model. The results showed that PM10, NO2 and SO2 reduced by 86.97%, 83.38%, and 88.60% respectively during the lockdown sampling phase. The highest mean elemental concentration reduction was found in Mn (97.47%) during the lockdown. The inter‐correlation among the pollutants exhibited a significant association indicating that they originate from the same source. The metals like Mn and Cu were found at a higher concentration during the lockdown phase corresponding to vehicular emissions. The comparative analysis of the elemental profile of PM10 concluded that the lockdown effectuated in reduction of the majority of elements present in an aerosol enveloping metropolitan like Kolkata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Tudu
- Department of Environmental Science University of Calcutta Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Tanushree Gaine
- Department of Environmental Science University of Calcutta Kolkata West Bengal India
- Department of Environmental Studies New Alipore College Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Shouvik Mahanty
- Department of Environmental Science University of Calcutta Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Sayantani Mitra
- Department of Environmental Science University of Calcutta Kolkata West Bengal India
| | | | - Punarbasu Chaudhuri
- Department of Environmental Science University of Calcutta Kolkata West Bengal India
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Parhizkar G, Khalili Doroodzani A, Dobaradaran S, Ramavandi B, Hashemi SE, Raeisi A, Nabipour I, Keshmiri S, Darabi A, Afrashte S, Khamisipour G, Keshtkar M. Childhood exposure to metal(loid)s in industrial and urban areas along the Persian Gulf using toenail tissue as a biomarker. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118090. [PMID: 34517176 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal(loid)s (MLs) with natural or anthropogenic sources may cause adverse health effects in children. This study aimed to compare the childhood exposure to ΣMLs (essential, non-essential and toxic) in an industrial and an urban area in Southwest Iran using toenail tissue as a biomarker. The present study was carried out with school children in the age range of 7-12 years, who were living in an industrial area in the petrochemical and gas area (PGA) of the Central District of Asaluyeh County and in an urban area (UA) located in the Kaki District. A total of 270 boys and girls were recruited in January to April 2019. The ICP-MS was used for determination of the studied MLs. A multi-linear regression model was constructed to assess the effect of residence area on toenail ML levels. A significantly higher level of ΣMLs in toenail from the PGA was observed compared to the level in the UA (8.839 vs. 7.081 μg/g, β = -0.169 and p < 0.05). However, all of the 15 MLs studied were detected in the toenail samples from both study sites. Significant differences for the mean Cr (β = -0.563), Fe (β = -0.968), Mn (β = -0.501), Ni (β = -0.306), and Pb (β = -0.377) levels were found between toenail samples from the study areas (p < 0.05), with higher levels in the PGA. The results of this study suggest that children in industrial area are prone to a greater risk for ML exposures compared with those living in a non-industrial urban area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Parhizkar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Atefeh Khalili Doroodzani
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Seyed Enayat Hashemi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Alireza Raeisi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saeed Keshmiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Darabi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sima Afrashte
- Department of Public Health, School of Medical Science, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Khamisipour
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Keshtkar
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Jain S, Sharma SK, Vijayan N, Mandal TK. Investigating the seasonal variability in source contribution to PM 2.5 and PM 10 using different receptor models during 2013-2016 in Delhi, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4660-4675. [PMID: 32946053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present work deals with the seasonal variations in the contribution of sources to PM2.5 and PM10 in Delhi, India. Samples of PM2.5 and PM10 were collected from January 2013 to December 2016 at an urban site of Delhi, India, and analyzed to evaluate their chemical components [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble inorganic components (WSICs), and major and trace elements]. The average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were 131 ± 79 μg m-3 and 238 ± 106 μg m-3, respectively during the entire sampling period. The analyzed and seasonally segregated data sets of both PM2.5 and PM10 were used as input in the three different receptor models, i.e., principal component analysis-absolute principal component score (PCA-APCS), UNMIX, and positive matrix factorization (PMF), to achieve conjointly corroborated results. The present study deals with the implementation and comparison of results of three different multivariate receptor models (PCA-APCS, UNMIX, and PMF) on the same data sets that allowed a better understanding of the probable sources of PM2.5 and PM10 as well as the comportment of these sources with respect to different seasons. PCA-APCS, UNMIX, and PMF extracted similar sources but in different contributions to PM2.5 and PM10. All the three models extracted 7 similar sources while mutually confirmed the 4 major sources over Delhi, i.e., secondary aerosols, vehicular emissions, biomass burning, and soil dust, although the contribution of these sources varies seasonally. PCA-APCS and UNMIX analysis identified a less number of sources (besides mixed type) as compared to the PMF, which may cause erroneous interpretation of seasonal implications on source contribution to the PM mass concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Jain
- Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Sharma
- Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110012, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Narayanswami Vijayan
- Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Tuhin Kumar Mandal
- Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Yu Y, Ding F, Mu Y, Xie M, Wang Q. High time-resolved PM 2.5 composition and sources at an urban site in Yangtze River Delta, China after the implementation of the APPCAP. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127746. [PMID: 32745741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hourly concentrations of PM2.5 water-soluble inorganic ions, bulk organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) were monitored from 1/1/2017 to 12/31/2017 and validated using filter-based offline analysis at an urban site in Nanjing, China. Compared with 2013 or before, the annual average of PM2.5 concentration (36.5 ± 32.9 μg m-3) in 2017 decreased by more than 40%, NO3- (12.8 ± 11.4 μg m-3) became the most abundant water-soluble ion instead of SO42- (9.29 ± 6.07 μg m-3), and the relative contribution of OC (5.92 ± 3.40 μg m-3) and EC (2.95 ± 1.53 μg m-3) to bulk PM2.5 (24.9 ± 9.31%) increased substantially, indicating the effectiveness of the control policy for reducing gaseous precursor emissions. Based on the diurnal variations of water-soluble ions and gaseous pollutants, NH4+, SO42-, and NO3- were secondarily formed and NH4NO3 dominated the composition of ammonium salts in PM2.5. The diurnal changes of OC, EC, and OC/EC ratios reflected prominent influences from local traffic patterns. Positive matrix factorization was performed using hourly data of PM2.5 components (PMF1-h), of which the results were justified by comparing to those using 23-h averaged data (PMF23-h). Given that the secondary ion formation was still the dominant source (68.2%) of PM2.5, and the average PM2.5 concentration in urban Nanjing remained higher than Tier II limit (35 μg m-3) of the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Standard, controlling emissions of PM2.5 precursor gases should be continued after the completion of Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan in 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, 175 Huju Road, Nanjing, 210013, China
| | - Yingfeng Mu
- Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, 175 Huju Road, Nanjing, 210013, China
| | - Mingjie Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Qin'geng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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Ram SS, Aich A, Sengupta P, Chakraborty A, Sudarshan M. Assessment of trace metal contamination of wetland sediments from eastern and western coastal region of India dominated with mangrove forest. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:1113-1122. [PMID: 30223327 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem and biodiversity of India's coastal areas dominated with mangrove forest have been threatened by growing anthropogenic activities. The present work aims to investigate the contamination of wetland sediments with trace elements and assess the sediment quality at different sampling locations in eastern and western costal region dominated with mangrove forest. The longitudinal profile of trace elements in sediments from different sampling locations analyzed by employing Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer shows variations in distribution of elements like Al, Si, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. The enrichment factor (EF) and Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values suggested depletion of clay minerals and enrichment of heavy metals like Cr, Cu Fe and Mn. Depending on the variations in Igeo values, the elements are put into Igeo Class 0 to 3 levels of contamination. Contamination factor (Cf) and pollution load index (PLI) suggested deterioration of sediments analyzed in the present study. Assessment of ecological risk potential of elements suggests that few elements (Cr and Cu) are moderately contaminated and may cause environmental stress on the exposed flora and fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Ram
- Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - A Aich
- Bhairab Ganguly College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - P Sengupta
- Bhaba Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Chakraborty
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, West Bengal, India
| | - M Sudarshan
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, West Bengal, India
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Bakshi M, Ghosh S, Chakraborty D, Hazra S, Chaudhuri P. Assessment of potentially toxic metal (PTM) pollution in mangrove habitats using biochemical markers: A case study on Avicennia officinalis L. in and around Sundarban, India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:157-172. [PMID: 30041303 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spatial distribution of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) and their accumulation in mangrove Avicennia officinalis L. were studied along 8 locations in and around Sundarban mangrove wetland, India. Among 8 locations, S3 (Chemaguri) and S5 (Ghushighata) showed higher concentration of PTMs (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) characterized by higher enrichment factors (3.45-10.03), geo-accumulation indices (0.04-1.22), contamination factors (1.14-3.51) and pollution load indices (1.3-1.45) indicating progressive deterioration of estuarine quality and considerable ecotoxicological risk. Metal concentration in A. officinalis leaves showed significant correlation with sediment metals implying elevated level of bioaccumulation. Significant statistical correlation between photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b), antioxidant response (free radical scavenging and reducing ability) and stress enzymatic activity (Peroxidase, Catalase, Super-oxide dismutase) of A. officinalis with increasing metal concentration in the contaminated locations reflects active detoxification mechanism of the plant. The study indicates the potentiality of biomonitoring metal pollution using studied biochemical markers in mangrove habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Bakshi
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, India
| | - Somdeep Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, India
| | | | - Sugata Hazra
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, India
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Ghosh S, Ram SS, Bakshi M, Chakraborty A, Sudarshan M, Chaudhuri P. Vertical and horizontal variation of elemental contamination in sediments of Hooghly Estuary, India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 109:539-549. [PMID: 27312987 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hooghly Estuary along with the Sunderban mangroves forms one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. We investigated the vertical and horizontal distribution of elements at nine sampling locations in this estuary for assessing the degree of elemental contamination. The elemental concentrations were analyzed by an Energy Dispersive X-ray Flurosence spectrometer (EDXRF). A higher enrichment factor (EF) value of trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn) is evident considering all the sampling locations. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values of all the sampling locations and core depth reveals Cr and Cu are under Igeo Class I level of contamination. The value of the pollution load index (PLI) varies between 0.94-1.65 with maximum at Chemaguri and minimum at Haldi Estuary and Petuaghat. The overall variation in elemental concentration may be due to differential discharge pattern of storm water and agricultural run-off, industrial effluent and domestic sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdeep Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Shidharth Sankar Ram
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India; UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, WB, India; Ion Beam Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar-751005, India
| | - Madhurima Bakshi
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Punarbasu Chaudhuri
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India.
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Đorđević D, Buha J, Stortini AM, Mihajlidi-Zelić A, Relić D, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Mass distributions and morphological and chemical characterization of urban aerosols in the continental Balkan area (Belgrade). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:851-859. [PMID: 26347417 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work presents characteristics of atmospheric aerosols of urban central Balkans area, using a size-segregated aerosol sampling method, calculation of mass distributions, SEM/EDX characterization, and ICP/MS analysis. Three types of mass distributions were observed: distribution with a pronounced domination of coarse mode, bimodal distribution, and distribution with minimum at 1 μm describing the urban aerosol. SEM/EDX analyses have shown morphological difference and variation in the content of elements in samples. EDX spectra demonstrate that particles generally contain the following elements: Al, Ca, K, Fe, Mg, Ni, K, Si, S. Additionally, the presence of As, Br, Sn, and Zn found in air masses from southeast segment points out the anthropogenic activities most probably from mining activities in southeastern part of Serbia. The ratio Al/Si equivalent to the ratio of desert dust was associated with air masses coming from southeastern and southwestern segments, pointing to influences from North Africa and Middle East desert areas whereas the Al/Si ratio in other samples is significantly lower. In several samples, we found high values of aluminum in the nucleation mode. Samples with low share of crustal elements in the coarse mode are collected when Mediterranean air masses prevailed, while high share in the coarse mode was associated with continental air masses that could be one of the approaches for identification of the aerosol origin. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Đorđević
- University of Belgrade, Centre of Chemistry - ICTM, Studentski trg 14-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - J Buha
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
- Technology and Society Laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - A M Stortini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123, Venice, Italy
| | - A Mihajlidi-Zelić
- University of Belgrade, Centre of Chemistry - ICTM, Studentski trg 14-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Relić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - C Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123, Venice, Italy
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes - National Research Council (CNR-IDPA), Dorsoduro 2137, 30123, Venice, Italy
| | - A Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123, Venice, Italy
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes - National Research Council (CNR-IDPA), Dorsoduro 2137, 30123, Venice, Italy
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Nakazato RK, Rinaldi MCS, Domingos M. Will technological modernization for power generation at an oil refinery diminish the risks from air pollution to the Atlantic Rainforest in Cubatão, SE Brazil? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:489-496. [PMID: 24908362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the level of atmospheric contamination by S, N and metals before, during and after the installation of a new thermoelectric plant that provides power to an oil refinery in Cubatão, SE Brazil. We measured the foliar accumulation in Lolium multiflorum "Lema" with the aim of evaluating risks to the Atlantic Rainforest that grows in the region. Al, Co, Cr, Cu, K, N, Ni, S, V and Zn were appropriate markers of the new air contamination profile associated with the modern technology. With the exception of V, the leaf contents of these elements significantly increased between the pre-operation to post-operation phases (Al, Co, N, K, S), or only during the transition phase (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni), and returned to the previous levels after the total shutdown of the old system. Therefore, the expected environmental gain was not achieved with the installation of the new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo K Nakazato
- Instituto de Botânica, Post-Graduate Program in Plant Biodiversity and Environment, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian C S Rinaldi
- Instituto de Botânica, Research Center in Ecology, Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687, Água Funda, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Research Center in Ecology, Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687, Água Funda, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Higueras P, Oyarzun R, Kotnik J, Esbrí JM, Martínez-Coronado A, Horvat M, López-Berdonces MA, Llanos W, Vaselli O, Nisi B, Mashyanov N, Ryzov V, Spiric Z, Panichev N, McCrindle R, Feng X, Fu X, Lillo J, Loredo J, García ME, Alfonso P, Villegas K, Palacios S, Oyarzún J, Maturana H, Contreras F, Adams M, Ribeiro-Guevara S, Niecenski LF, Giammanco S, Huremović J. A compilation of field surveys on gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) from contrasting environmental settings in Europe, South America, South Africa and China: separating fads from facts. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2014; 36:713-34. [PMID: 24379158 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-013-9591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is transported globally in the atmosphere mostly in gaseous elemental form (GEM, [Formula: see text]), but still few worldwide studies taking into account different and contrasted environmental settings are available in a single publication. This work presents and discusses data from Argentina, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Chile, China, Croatia, Finland, Italy, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Slovenia and Venezuela. We classified the information in four groups: (1) mining districts where this contaminant poses or has posed a risk for human populations and/or ecosystems; (2) cities, where the concentration of atmospheric mercury could be higher than normal due to the burning of fossil fuels and industrial activities; (3) areas with natural emissions from volcanoes; and (4) pristine areas where no anthropogenic influence was apparent. All the surveys were performed using portable LUMEX RA-915 series atomic absorption spectrometers. The results for cities fall within a low GEM concentration range that rarely exceeds 30 ng m(-3), that is, 6.6 times lower than the restrictive ATSDR threshold (200 ng m(-3)) for chronic exposure to this pollutant. We also observed this behavior in the former mercury mining districts, where few data were above 200 ng m(-3). We noted that high concentrations of GEM are localized phenomena that fade away in short distances. However, this does not imply that they do not pose a risk for those working in close proximity to the source. This is the case of the artisanal gold miners that heat the Au-Hg amalgam to vaporize mercury. In this respect, while GEM can be truly regarded as a hazard, because of possible physical-chemical transformations into other species, it is only under these localized conditions, implying exposure to high GEM concentrations, which it becomes a direct risk for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Higueras
- Departamento de Ingeniería Geológica y Minera, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica de Almadén, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Plaza M. Meca 1, 13400, Almadén, Spain,
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Goncharuk VV, Lapshin VB, Chichaeva MA, Syroezhkin AV. The atmosphere as a colloid system. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2012. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x11060014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Coz E, Gómez-Moreno FJ, Casuccio GS, Artíñano B. Variations on morphology and elemental composition of mineral dust particles from local, regional, and long-range transport meteorological scenarios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Celo V, Dabek-Zlotorzynska E. Concentration and Source Origin of Trace Metals in PM2.5 Collected at Selected Canadian Sites within the Canadian National Air Pollution Surveillance Program. URBAN AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12278-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Moreno T, Querol X, Alastuey A, Gibbons W. Identification of chemical tracers in the characterisation and source apportionment of inhalable inorganic airborne particles: an overview. Biomarkers 2009; 14 Suppl 1:17-22. [DOI: 10.1080/13547500902965435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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