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Marques AC, Vale M. Macroporosity Control by Phase Separation in Sol-Gel Derived Monoliths and Microspheres. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4247. [PMID: 34361442 PMCID: PMC8348184 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Macroporous and hierarchically macro/mesoporous materials (mostly monoliths and microspheres) have attracted much attention for a variety of applications, such as supporting or enabling materials in chromatography, energy storage and conversion, catalysis, biomedical devices, drug delivery systems, and environmental remediation. A well-succeeded method to obtain these tailored porous materials relies on the sol-gel technique, combined with phase separation by spinodal decomposition, and involves as well emulsification as a soft template, in the case of the synthesis of porous microspheres. Significant advancements have been witnessed, in terms of synthesis methodologies optimized either for the use of alkoxides or metal-salts and material design, including the grafting or immobilization of a specific species (or nanoparticles) to enable the most recent trends in technological applications, such as photocatalysis. In this context, the evolution, in terms of material composition and synthesis strategies, is discussed in a concerted fashion in this review, with the goal of inspiring new improvements and breakthroughs in the framework of porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Marques
- CERENA, DEQ, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
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Han X, Lin H, Zheng Y. The role of oxygen functional groups in the adsorption of heteroaromatic nitrogen compounds. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 297:217-223. [PMID: 25967098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A wood-based activated carbon (AC) was oxidized using different oxidants. The resultant adsorbents were applied to adsorb nitrogen (N) containing compounds that appeared in light cycled oil. Appropriate oxidation treatment can increase oxygen functional groups on the surface of AC without much damage to its pore structure. Oxygen functional groups play a key role in enhancing adsorptive selectivity of carbons. Lactone groups can facilitate the selective removal of 1-ring N compounds. Phenolic groups, total CO2-releasing groups and total O groups show an improvement in the adsorption of 2-ring N compounds. Aldehyde groups favor the adsorption of 3-ring and 4-ring N compounds. However, excessive oxidation can result in the collapse of pore structure and closure of pore channels. For instance, the carbon oxidized by a mixture of concentrated H2SO4 and HNO3 has an extremely low adsorption performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Hongfei Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
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Silva JMPF, Silveira EB, Costa ALH, Veloso CO, Henriques CA, Zotin FMZ, Paredes MLL, Reis RA, Chiaro SSX. Influence of the Chemical Composition of Silica–Alumina Adsorbents in Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds Removal from Hydrotreated Diesel. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie502444r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana M. P. F. Silva
- Institute
of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Campus Maracanã, PHLC, Rua
São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Erika B. Silveira
- Institute
of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Campus Maracanã, PHLC, Rua
São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - André L. H. Costa
- Institute
of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Campus Maracanã, PHLC, Rua
São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia O. Veloso
- Institute
of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Campus Maracanã, PHLC, Rua
São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane A. Henriques
- Institute
of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Campus Maracanã, PHLC, Rua
São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Fatima M. Z. Zotin
- Institute
of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Campus Maracanã, PHLC, Rua
São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio L. L. Paredes
- Institute
of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Campus Maracanã, PHLC, Rua
São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Reis
- Institute
of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Campus Maracanã, PHLC, Rua
São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Sandra S. X. Chiaro
- Petrobras Research
and Development Center CENPES - PETROBRAS, Av. Horácio Macedo, 950, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-915, Brazil
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Cheng X, Liu Y, Chen D. Mechanisms of Hydrolysis–Oligomerization of Aluminum Alkoxide Al(OC3H7)3. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:4719-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110848e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Dhayal V, Bohra R, Nagar M, Kaushik A, Mathur S, Barth S. Low-temperature sol-gel transformation of methyl silicon precursors to silica-based hybrid materials. Appl Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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