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Cho B, Swain A, Gautam R, Tomat E, Huxter VM. Time-resolved dynamics of stable open- and closed-shell neutral radical and oxidized tripyrrindione complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15718-15725. [PMID: 35730195 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00632d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stable open- and closed-shell Pd(II) and Cu(II) complexes of hexaethyl tripyrrin-1,14-dione (TD1) produce triplet, doublet or singlet states depending on the metal center and the redox state of the ligand. Pd(II) and Cu(II) form neutral TD1 complexes featuring ligand-based radicals, thus resulting in doublet and triplet states, respectively. The reversible one-electron oxidation of the complexes removes an unpaired electron from the ligand, generating singlet and doublet states. The optical properties and time-resolved dynamics of these systems are studied here using steady-state and ultrafast transient absorption (pump-probe) measurements. Fast relaxation with recovery of the ground state in tens of picoseconds is observed for the copper neutral radical and oxidized complexes as well as for the palladium neutral radical complex. Significantly longer timescales are observed for the oxidized palladium complex. The ability to tune the overall spin state of the complexes through their stable open-shell configurations as well as the reversible redox activity of the tripyrrolic systems makes them particularly interesting for catalytic applications as well as exploring magnetism and conductivity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungmoon Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.
| | - Alicia Swain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.
| | - Ritika Gautam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.
| | - Elisa Tomat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.
| | - Vanessa M Huxter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA. .,Department of Physics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
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Baş Ç, Doettinger F, Klein N, Tschierlei S, Bröring M. Pyrrolyl‐Appended Zinc Porphodimethenes: Branched Oligopyrrole Products From the Templated One‐Pot Isoporphyrin Synthesis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Çağla Baş
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry TU Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Florian Doettinger
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry TU Braunschweig Gaußstraße 17 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Niels Klein
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry TU Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry TU Braunschweig Gaußstraße 17 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Martin Bröring
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry TU Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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Liu SY, Fukuoka T, Fukui N, Shin JY, Shinokubo H. Reactions of Antiaromatic Norcorrole Ni(II) Complex with Carbenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:4400-4403. [PMID: 32392417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Norcorrole is a ring-contracted porphyrinoid, exhibiting distinct antiaromaticity. Herein, we report the reactions of meso-dimesitylnorcorrole Ni(II) complex with two types of carbenes: dichlorocarbene and an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). The reaction with in-situ-generated dichlorocarbene resulted in the double insertion of two chloromethine units to provide a mixture of 5,15-dichloroporphyrin and chlorinated isopyricorroles. The nucleophilic NHC attacked the 3-position of the norcorrole core and the subsequent proton transfer furnished a nonconjugated macrocycle incorporating a diazafulvene segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Liu
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takaki Fukuoka
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ji-Young Shin
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Kupietz K, Białek MJ, Hassa K, Białońska A, Latos-Grażyński L. Oxygenation of Phenanthriporphyrin and Copper(III) Phenanthriporphyrin: An Efficient Route to Phenanthribilinones. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12446-12456. [PMID: 31454233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photooxidation of copper(III) 5,6-dimethoxyphenathriporphyrin and copper(III) 5,6-dioxophenanthriporphyrin, which contain phenanthrene or dioxophenathrene moieties built into the macrocyclic frameworks, resulted in the regioselective cleavage that afforded organometallic copper(III) complexes of open-chain phenanthribilinone-type acyclic ligands terminated by carbonyl groups. The copper(III) coordinates two carbon atoms of phenantherene (dioxophenanthrene) and two nitrogen atoms of pyrrole and pyrrolone units, preserving the donor sets of the paternal complexes. The primary dioxygen attack is located at the meso carbon atom adjacent to the phenanthrene moiety. Demetalation of copper(III) 21-benzoyl-phenanthribilin-1-one and copper(III) 21-benzoyl-dioxophenanthribilin-1-one yielded mainly two diastereomers [15Z, 20E] and [15Z, 20Z], which differ in the configurations at two Cα-Cmeso double bonds. The regioselectivity of the cleavage, detected in the course of experimental studies, has been substantiated by DFT investigations. The regioselective cleavage of 5,6-dimethoxyphenanthriporphyrin in reaction with basic iron(III) acetate was detected, providing the synthetically efficient methodology to produce 21-benzoyl-dioxophenanthribilin-1-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kupietz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wrocław , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Michał J Białek
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wrocław , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Karolina Hassa
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wrocław , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wrocław , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
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Takiguchi A, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Synthesis of Hydroxyisooxophlorins by Oxidative Degradation of meso-Hydroxyporphyrins. Org Lett 2019; 21:3950-3953. [PMID: 31082248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyisooxophlorin is an oxidatively degraded porphyrin that contains one carbonyl carbon, one hydroxymethylene group, and two sp2-methine groups at its meso positions. Here we report that oxidation of a free-base meso-hydroxyporphyrin with [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene in the presence of H2O afforded two regioisomers of hydroxyisooxophlorins, 10-hydroxy-10-iso-5-oxophlorin and 15-hydroxy-15-iso-5-oxophlorin, as major and minor products, respectively. We also examined the reaction mechanism, acid-mediated isomerization, metal complexation behavior, and physical properties of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Takiguchi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
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Gautam R, Petritis SJ, Astashkin AV, Tomat E. Paramagnetism and Fluorescence of Zinc(II) Tripyrrindione: A Luminescent Radical Based on a Redox-Active Biopyrrin. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:15240-15246. [PMID: 30418755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of bilins and other biopyrrins to form fluorescent zinc complexes has been known for more than a century; however, the exact identity of the emissive species remains uncertain in many cases. Herein, we characterize the hitherto elusive zinc complex of tripyrrin-1,14-dione, an analogue of several orange urinary pigments. As previously observed for its Pd(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) complexes, tripyrrindione binds Zn(II) as a dianionic radical and forms a paramagnetic complex carrying an unpaired electron on the ligand π-system. This species is stable at room temperature and undergoes quasi-reversible ligand-based redox chemistry. Although the complex is isolated as a coordination dimer in the solid state, optical absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic studies indicate that the monomer is prevalent in a tetrahydrofuran solution. The paramagnetic Zn(II) tripyrrindione complex is brightly fluorescent (λabs = 599 nm, λem = 644 nm, ΦF = 0.23 in THF), and its study provides a molecular basis for the observation, made over several decades since the 1930s, of fluorescent behavior of tripyrrindione pigments in the presence of zinc salts. The zinc-bound tripyrrindione radical is thus a new addition to the limited number of stable radicals that are fluorescent at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Gautam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Steven J Petritis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Andrei V Astashkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Elisa Tomat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
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Gautam R, Astashkin AV, Chang TM, Shearer J, Tomat E. Interactions of Metal-Based and Ligand-Based Electronic Spins in Neutral Tripyrrindione π Dimers. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:6755-6762. [PMID: 28497967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles to stabilize unpaired electrons and engage in π-π interactions is essential for many electron-transfer processes in biology and materials engineering. Herein, we demonstrate that the formation of π dimers is recapitulated in complexes of a linear tripyrrolic analogue of naturally occurring pigments derived from heme decomposition. Hexaethyltripyrrindione (H3TD1) coordinates divalent transition metals (i.e., Pd, Cu, Ni) as a stable dianionic radical and was recently described as a robust redox-active ligand. The resulting planar complexes, which feature a delocalized ligand-based electronic spin, are stable at room temperature in air and support ligand-based one-electron processes. We detail the dimerization of neutral tripyrrindione complexes in solution through electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and visible absorption spectroscopic methods. Variable-temperature measurements using both EPR and absorption techniques allowed determination of the thermodynamic parameters of π dimerization, which resemble those previously reported for porphyrin radical cations. The inferred electronic structure, featuring coupling of ligand-based electronic spins in the π dimers, is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Gautam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Andrei V Astashkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Tsuhen M Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jason Shearer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada , Reno, Nevada 89577, United States
| | - Elisa Tomat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Bahnmüller S, Plotzitzka J, Baabe D, Cordes B, Menzel D, Schartz K, Schweyen P, Wicht R, Bröring M. Hexaethyltripyrrindione (H3Et6tpd): A Non-Innocent Ligand Forming Stable Radical Complexes with Divalent Transition-Metal Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Bahnmüller
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jacqueline Plotzitzka
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Dirk Baabe
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Birte Cordes
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Dirk Menzel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics; TU Braunschweig; Mendelssohnstraße 2-3 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Katharina Schartz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Peter Schweyen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Richard Wicht
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Martin Bröring
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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Bikas R, Hosseini-Monfared H, Vasylyeva V, Sanchiz J, Alonso J, Barandiaran JM, Janiak C. Heteronuclear, mixed-metal Ag(i)–Mn(ii) coordination polymers with bridging N-pyridinylisonicotinohydrazide ligands: synthesis, crystal structures, magnetic and photoluminescence properties. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:11925-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01390e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pap JS, Kripli B, Bányai V, Giorgi M, Korecz L, Gajda T, Árus D, Kaizer J, Speier G. Tetra-, penta- and hexacoordinate copper(II) complexes with N3 donor isoindoline-based ligands: Characterization and SOD-like activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Boeckmann J, Reinert T, Jeß I, Näther C. Syntheses, Structures, and Thermal Reactivity of New ZnII and CdII Thio- and Selenocyanato Coordination Compounds. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bröring M, Kleeberg C. A Cationic Chlorido-bridged Palladium(II) Complex of the Sterically Hindered Bis(4-methylthiazolyl)isoindoline Ligand (4-Mebti). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Capacchione C, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Synthesis, Structure and Dynamics of aC2-symmetrical Bis(oxazolinylmethylene)pyrrolinato-Zinc Complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bröring M, Kleeberg C. Preparation, Structural Characterization and Ligand Exchange Reactivity of Sterically Hindered 1,3-Bis-(4-methyl-2-thiazolylimino)isoindolinatopalladium(II) Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bröring M, Prikhodovski S, Cónsul Tejero E. Bis(α,ω-dimethyltripyrrinato)cadmium(II) (Trpy2Cd): Serendipitous finding and structural characterization of an unexpected coordination compound. Inorganica Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bröring M, Prikhodovski S, Brandt CD, Cónsul Tejero E. Pseudohalogeno Complexes of Sterically Hindered Tripyrrinatopalladium (TrpyPd) Fragments. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200600346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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