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Sharma S, Souqui L, Palisaitis J, Hoang DQ, Ivanov IG, Persson POÅ, Högberg H, Pedersen H. On the origin of epitaxial rhombohedral-B 4C growth by CVD on 4H-SiC. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10730-10736. [PMID: 38872609 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01157k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Rhombohedral boron carbide, often referred to as r-B4C, is a potential material for applications in optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices. From fundamental thin film growth and characterization, we investigate the film-substrate interface between the r-B4C films grown on 4H-SiC (0001̄) (C-face) and 4H-SiC (0001) (Si-face) during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to find the origin for epitaxial growth solely observed on the C-face. We used high-resolution (scanning) transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy to show that there is no surface roughness or additional carbon-based interlayer formation for either substrate. Based on Raman spectroscopy analysis, we also argue that carbon accumulation on the surface hinders the growth of continued epitaxial r-B4C in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Laurent Souqui
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Justinas Palisaitis
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Duc Quang Hoang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Ivan G Ivanov
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Per O Å Persson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Hans Högberg
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
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2
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Synthesis and Characterization of Gd-Functionalized B 4C Nanoparticles for BNCT Applications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020429. [PMID: 36836786 PMCID: PMC9967186 DOI: 10.3390/life13020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles of boron-rich compounds represent an attractive alternative to boron-containing molecules, such as boronophenylalanine or boranes, for BNCT applications. This work describes the synthesis and biological activity of multifunctional boron carbide nanoparticles stabilized with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and a gadolinium (Gd)-rich solid phase. A fluorophore (DiI) was included in the PAA functionalization, allowing the confocal microscopy imaging of the nanoparticles. Analysis of the interaction and activity of these fluorescent Gd-containing B4C nanoparticles (FGdBNPs) with cultured cells was appraised using an innovative correlative microscopy approach combining intracellular neutron autoradiography, confocal, and SEM imaging. This new approach allows visualizing the cells, the FGdBNP, and the events deriving from the nuclear process in the same image. Quantification of 10B by neutron autoradiography in cells treated with FGdBNPs confirmed a significant accumulation of NPs with low levels of cellular toxicity. These results suggest that these NPs might represent a valuable tool for achieving a high boron concentration in tumoral cells.
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3
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Morgan HWT, Alexandrova AN. Electron Counting and High-Pressure Phase Transformations in Metal Hexaborides. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18701-18709. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harry W. T. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California90095-1569, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California90095-1569, United States
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4
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Liu Y, Wang R, Wang Z, Li D, Cui T. Formation of twelve-fold iodine coordination at high pressure. Nat Commun 2022; 13:412. [PMID: 35058450 PMCID: PMC8776873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogen compounds have been studied widely due to their unique hypercoordinated and hypervalent features. Generally, in halogen compounds, the maximal coordination number of halogens is smaller than eight. Here, based on the particle swarm optimization method and first-principles calculations, we report an exotically icosahedral cage-like hypercoordinated IN6 compound composed of N6 rings and an unusual iodine-nitrogen covalent bond network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first halogen compound showing twelve-fold coordination of halogen. High pressure and the presence of N6 rings reduce the energy level of the 5d orbitals of iodine, making them part of the valence orbital. Highly symmetrical covalent bonding networks contribute to the formation of twelve-fold iodine hypercoordination. Moreover, our theoretical analysis suggests that a halogen element with a lower atomic number has a weaker propensity for valence expansion in halogen nitrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China.
| | - Tian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China.
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5
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Influence of Substrate Temperature on Electrical and Optical Properties of Hydrogenated Boron Carbide Thin Films Deposited by RF Sputtering. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous hydrogenated boron carbide films were deposited on silicon and glass substrates using radio frequency sputtering. The substrate temperature was varied from room temperature to 300 °C. The substrate temperature during deposition was found to have significant effects on the electrical and optical properties of the deposited films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed an increase in sp2-bonded carbon in the films with increasing substrate temperature. Reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) was performed in order to detect the presence of hydrogen in the films. Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure was developed using Al and hydrogenated boron carbide to measure dielectric value and resistivity. Deposited films exhibited lower dielectric values than pure boron carbide films. With higher substrate deposition temperature, a decreasing trend in dielectric value and resistivity of the films was observed. For different substrate temperatures, the dielectric value of films ranged from 6.5–3.5, and optical bandgap values were between 2.25–2.6 eV.
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6
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Liang H, Li Q, Chen C. Atomistic Mechanisms for Contrasting Stress-Strain Relations of B 13CN and B 13C 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10454-10462. [PMID: 33269938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Boron-rich compounds comprise intricate bonding structures and possess excellent mechanical properties. Here, we report on a comparative study of B13CN and B13C2, which are isostructural but differ in electron fillings, with the former being electron-precise and the latter electron-deficient. Our results show that the different electron fillings in B13CN and B13C2 have profound effects on the bonding features despite their shared crystal structure, generating distinct structural deformation modes and the accompanying stress responses under diverse loading strain conditions. The most striking phenomena include a creeplike stress response under a tensile strain and superior strength under the vast majority of loading conditions for B13CN compared to B13C2. Such enhanced stability of the B12 icosahedra in B13CN by N-induced electron compensation may be effective for structural and mechanical enhancement of other boron-rich compounds and offers improved understanding of a broader class of covalent crystals with complex bonding networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- International Center for Computational Method and Software, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, International Center of Future Science, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, and Department of Materials Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Quan Li
- International Center for Computational Method and Software, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, International Center of Future Science, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, and Department of Materials Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Changfeng Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
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7
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Guo JJ, Zhao HY, Wang J, Liu Y. B 12-containing volleyball-like molecule for hydrogen storage. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8303-8308. [PMID: 35497825 PMCID: PMC9049906 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10491g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A stable core-shell volleyball-like structure of B12@Li20Al12 has been proposed using first-principles calculations. This structure with T h symmetry is constructed with a core structure of I h-B12 and a volleyball-like shell of Li20Al12. Frequency analysis and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate the exceptional stability of B12@Li20Al12. The chemical bonding analysis for B12@Li20Al12 is also conducted to confirm its stability and 46 multi-center two-electron σ bonds are observed, which are widely distributed throughout the core-shell structure. For the hydrogen storage capacity of the B12@Li20Al12, our calculated results indicate that about 58 H2 molecules can be absorbed at most, leading to a gravimetric density of 16.4 wt%. The exceptionally stable core-shell volleyball-like B12@Li20Al12 combined with its high hydrogen storage capacity indicates that it can be one of the outstanding hydrogen storage materials of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Guo
- Department of Physics, Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 Hebei China
| | - Hui-Yan Zhao
- Department of Physics, Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 Hebei China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Physics, Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 Hebei China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Physics, Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 Hebei China
- National Key Laboratory for Materials Simulation and Design Beijing 100083 China
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8
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9
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Eklöf D, Fischer A, Ektarawong A, Jaworski A, Pell AJ, Grins J, Simak SI, Alling B, Wu Y, Widom M, Scherer W, Häussermann U. Mysterious SiB 3: Identifying the Relation between α- and β-SiB 3. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18741-18759. [PMID: 31737836 PMCID: PMC6854836 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Binary silicon boride SiB3 has been reported to occur in two forms, as disordered and nonstoichiometric α-SiB3-x , which relates to the α-rhombohedral phase of boron, and as strictly ordered and stoichiometric β-SiB3. Similar to other boron-rich icosahedral solids, these SiB3 phases represent potentially interesting refractory materials. However, their thermal stability, formation conditions, and thermodynamic relation are poorly understood. Here, we map the formation conditions of α-SiB3-x and β-SiB3 and analyze their relative thermodynamic stabilities. α-SiB3-x is metastable (with respect to β-SiB3 and Si), and its formation is kinetically driven. Pure polycrystalline bulk samples may be obtained within hours when heating stoichiometric mixtures of elemental silicon and boron at temperatures 1200-1300 °C. At the same time, α-SiB3-x decomposes into SiB6 and Si, and optimum time-temperature synthesis conditions represent a trade-off between rates of formation and decomposition. The formation of stable β-SiB3 was observed after prolonged treatment (days to weeks) of elemental mixtures with ratios Si/B = 1:1-1:4 at temperatures 1175-1200 °C. The application of high pressures greatly improves the kinetics of SiB3 formation and allows decoupling of SiB3 formation from decomposition. Quantitative formation of β-SiB3 was seen at 1100 °C for samples pressurized to 5.5-8 GPa. β-SiB3 decomposes peritectoidally at temperatures between 1250 and 1300 °C. The highly ordered nature of β-SiB3 is reflected in its Raman spectrum, which features narrow and distinct lines. In contrast, the Raman spectrum of α-SiB3-x is characterized by broad bands, which show a clear relation to the vibrational modes of isostructural, ordered B6P. The detailed composition and structural properties of disordered α-SiB3-x were ascertained by a combination of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and 29Si magic angle spinning NMR experiments. Notably, the compositions of polycrystalline bulk samples (obtained at T ≤ 1200 °C) and single crystal samples (obtained from Si-rich molten Si-B mixtures at T > 1400 °C) are different, SiB2.93(7) and SiB2.64(2), respectively. The incorporation of Si in the polar position of B12 icosahedra results in highly strained cluster units. This disorder feature was accounted for in the refined crystal structure model by splitting the polar position into three sites. The electron-precise composition of α-SiB3-x is SiB2.5 and corresponds to the incorporation of, on average, two Si atoms in each B12 icosahedron. Accordingly, α-SiB3-x constitutes a mixture of B10Si2 and B11Si clusters. The structural and phase stability of α-SiB3-x were explored using a first-principles cluster expansion. The most stable composition at 0 K is SiB2.5, which however is unstable with respect to the decomposition β-SiB3 + Si. Modeling of the configurational and vibrational entropies suggests that α-SiB3-x only becomes more stable than β-SiB3 at temperatures above its decomposition into SiB6 and Si. Hence, we conclude that α-SiB3-x is metastable at all temperatures. Density functional theory electronic structure calculations yield band gaps of similar size for electron-precise α-SiB2.5 and β-SiB3, whereas α-SiB3 represents a p-type conductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eklöf
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Department of Physics, Augsburg University, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annop Ektarawong
- Extreme
Conditions Physics Research Laboratory, Physics of Energy Materials
Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Thailand
Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission
on Higher Education, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Aleksander Jaworski
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew J. Pell
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jekabs Grins
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergei I. Simak
- Theoretical
Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Björn Alling
- Theoretical
Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yang Wu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research
Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Michael Widom
- Department
of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Wolfgang Scherer
- Department of Physics, Augsburg University, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Häussermann
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Elusive super-hard B 6C accessible through the laser-floating zone method. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13340. [PMID: 31527636 PMCID: PMC6746857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron carbide is among the most promising ceramic materials nowadays: their mechanical properties are outstanding, and they open potential critical applications in near future. Since sinterability is the most critical drawback to this goal, innovative and competitive sintering procedures are attractive research topics in the science and technology of this carbide. This work reports the pioneer use of the laser-floating zone technique with this carbide. Crystallographic, microstructural and mechanical characterization of the so-prepared samples is carefully analysed. One unexpected output is the fabrication of a B6C composite when critical conditions of growth rate are adopted. Since this is one of the hardest materials in Nature and it is achievable only under extremely high pressures and temperatures in hot-pressing, the use of this technique offers a promising alternative for the fabrication. Hardness and elastic modulus of this material reached to 52 GPa and 600 GPa respectively, which is close to theoretical predictions reported in literature.
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11
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Konovalikhin SV, Kovalev DY, Guda SA. Density Functional Calculations for Disordered Boron Carbide Crystals. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024418110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Hillebrecht H, Vojteer N, Sagawe V, Hofmann K, Albert B. Synthesis and Characterization of Li-containing Boron Carbide r
-Li~1
B13
C2. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hillebrecht
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF; Stefan-Meier-Str. 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Natascha Vojteer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Vanessa Sagawe
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Kathrin Hofmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Barbara Albert
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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13
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Rasim K, Ramlau R, Leithe‐Jasper A, Mori T, Burkhardt U, Borrmann H, Schnelle W, Carbogno C, Scheffler M, Grin Y. Local Atomic Arrangements and Band Structure of Boron Carbide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6130-6135. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Rasim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Reiner Ramlau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Andreas Leithe‐Jasper
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Takao Mori
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) WPI International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) Namiki 1-1 Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
| | - Ulrich Burkhardt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Horst Borrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Walter Schnelle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Christian Carbogno
- Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Scheffler
- Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
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14
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Rasim K, Ramlau R, Leithe‐Jasper A, Mori T, Burkhardt U, Borrmann H, Schnelle W, Carbogno C, Scheffler M, Grin Y. Local Atomic Arrangements and Band Structure of Boron Carbide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Rasim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Reiner Ramlau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Andreas Leithe‐Jasper
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Takao Mori
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) WPI International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) Namiki 1-1 Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
| | - Ulrich Burkhardt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Horst Borrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Walter Schnelle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Christian Carbogno
- Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Scheffler
- Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
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Yang X, Coleman SP, Lasalvia JC, Goddard WA, An Q. Shear-Induced Brittle Failure along Grain Boundaries in Boron Carbide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5072-5080. [PMID: 29346723 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The role that grain boundaries (GBs) can play on mechanical properties has been studied extensively for metals and alloys. However, for covalent solids such as boron carbide (B4C), the role of GB on the inelastic response to applied stresses is not well established. We consider here the unusual ceramic, boron carbide (B4C), which is very hard and lightweight but exhibits brittle impact behavior. We used quantum mechanics (QM) simulations to examine the mechanical response in atomistic structures that model GBs in B4C under pure shear and also with biaxial shear deformation that mimics indentation stress conditions. We carried out these studies for two simple GB models including also the effect of adding Fe atoms (possible sintering aid and/or impurity) to the GB. We found that the critical shear stresses of these GB models are much lower than that for crystalline and twinned B4C. The two GB models lead to different interfacial energies. The higher interfacial energy at the GB only slightly decreases the critical shear stress but dramatically increases the critical failure strain. Doping the GB with Fe decreases the critical shear stress of at the boundary by 14% under pure shear deformation. In all GBs studied here, failure arises from deconstructing the icosahedra within the GB region under shear deformation. We find that Fe dopant interacts with icosahedra at the GB to facilitate this deconstruction of icosahedra. These results provide significant insight into designing polycrystalline B4C with improved strength and ductility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno , Reno, Nevada 89577, United States
| | - Shawn P Coleman
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Jerry C Lasalvia
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Qi An
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno , Reno, Nevada 89577, United States
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17
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Ektarawong A, Simak SI, Hultman L, Birch J, Tasnádi F, Wang F, Alling B. Effects of configurational disorder on the elastic properties of icosahedral boron-rich alloys based on B6O, B13C2, and B4C, and their mixing thermodynamics. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:134503. [PMID: 27059576 DOI: 10.1063/1.4944982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The elastic properties of alloys between boron suboxide (B6O) and boron carbide (B13C2), denoted by (B6O)(1-x)(B13C2)(x), as well as boron carbide with variable carbon content, ranging from B13C2 to B4C are calculated from first-principles. Furthermore, the mixing thermodynamics of (B6O)(1-x)(B13C2)(x) is studied. A superatom-special quasirandom structure approach is used for modeling different atomic configurations, in which effects of configurational disorder between the carbide and suboxide structural units, as well as between boron and carbon atoms within the units, are taken into account. Elastic properties calculations demonstrate that configurational disorder in B13C2, where a part of the C atoms in the CBC chains substitute for B atoms in the B12 icosahedra, drastically increase the Young's and shear modulus, as compared to an atomically ordered state, B12(CBC). These calculated elastic moduli of the disordered state are in excellent agreement with experiments. Configurational disorder between boron and carbon can also explain the experimentally observed almost constant elastic moduli of boron carbide as the carbon content is changed from B4C to B13C2. The elastic moduli of the (B6O)(1-x)(B13C2)(x) system are also practically unchanged with composition if boron-carbon disorder is taken into account. By investigating the mixing thermodynamics of the alloys, in which the Gibbs free energy is determined within the mean-field approximation for the configurational entropy, we outline the pseudo-binary phase diagram of (B6O)(1-x)(B13C2)(x). The phase diagram reveals the existence of a miscibility gap at all temperatures up to the melting point. Also, the coexistence of B6O-rich as well as ordered or disordered B13C2-rich domains in the material prepared through equilibrium routes is predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ektarawong
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - S I Simak
- Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - L Hultman
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - J Birch
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - F Tasnádi
- Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - F Wang
- Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - B Alling
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Disorder and defects are not intrinsic to boron carbide. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19330. [PMID: 26777140 PMCID: PMC4725998 DOI: 10.1038/srep19330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique combination of useful properties in boron-carbide, such as extreme hardness, excellent fracture toughness, a low density, a high melting point, thermoelectricity, semi-conducting behavior, catalytic activity and a remarkably good chemical stability, makes it an ideal material for a wide range of technological applications. Explaining these properties in terms of chemical bonding has remained a major challenge in boron chemistry. Here we report the synthesis of fully ordered, stoichiometric boron-carbide B13C2 by high-pressure-high-temperature techniques. Our experimental electron-density study using high-resolution single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction data conclusively demonstrates that disorder and defects are not intrinsic to boron carbide, contrary to what was hitherto supposed. A detailed analysis of the electron density distribution reveals charge transfer between structural units in B13C2 and a new type of electron-deficient bond with formally unpaired electrons on the C-B-C group in B13C2. Unprecedented bonding features contribute to the fundamental chemistry and materials science of boron compounds that is of great interest for understanding structure-property relationships and development of novel functional materials.
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Konovalikhin SV, Ponomarev VI. Is linear group XYZ in boron carbide the weakest link in the structure? RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024415100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sologub O, Michiue Y, Mori T. Boron carbide, B(13-x)C(2-y) (x = 0.12, y = 0.01). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:i67. [PMID: 22904703 PMCID: PMC3414096 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812033132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Boron carbide phases exist over a widely varying compositional range B12+xC3-x (0.06 < x < 1.7). One idealized structure corresponds to the B13C2 composition (space group R-3m) and contains one icosahedral B12 unit and one linear C—B—C chain. The B12 units are composed of crystallographically distinct B atoms BP (polar, B1) and BEq (equatorial, B2). Boron icosahedra are interconnected by C atoms via their BEq atoms, forming layers parallel to (001), while the B12 units of the adjacent layers are linked through intericosahedral BP—BP bonds. The unique B atom (BC) connects the two C atoms of adjacent layers, forming a C—B—C chain along [001]. Depending on the carbon concentration, the carbon and BP sites exhibit mixed B/C occupancies to varying degrees; besides, the BC site shows partial occupancy. The decrease in carbon content was reported to be realized via an increasing number of chainless unit cells. On the basis of X-ray single-crystal refinement, we have concluded that the unit cell of the given boron-rich crystal contains following structural units: [B12] and [B11C] icosahedra (about 96 and 4%, respectively) and C—B—C chains (87%). Besides, there is a fraction of unit cells (13%) with the B atom located against the triangular face of a neighboring icosahedron formed by BEq (B2) thus rendering the formula B0.87(B0.98C0.02)12(B0.13C0.87)2 for the current boron carbide crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Sologub
- National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, 305-0044 Tsukuba, Japan
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Paquette MM, Li W, Sky Driver M, Karki S, Caruso AN, Oyler NA. The local physical structure of amorphous hydrogenated boron carbide: insights from magic angle spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:435002. [PMID: 21959982 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/43/435002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Magic angle spinning solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques are applied to the elucidation of the local physical structure of an intermediate product in the plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition of thin-film amorphous hydrogenated boron carbide (B(x)C:H(y)) from an orthocarborane precursor. Experimental chemical shifts are compared with theoretical shift predictions from ab initio calculations of model molecular compounds to assign atomic chemical environments, while Lee-Goldburg cross-polarization and heteronuclear recoupling experiments are used to confirm atomic connectivities. A model for the B(x)C:H(y) intermediate is proposed wherein the solid is dominated by predominantly hydrogenated carborane icosahedra that are lightly cross-linked via nonhydrogenated intraicosahedral B atoms, either directly through B-B bonds or through extraicosahedral hydrocarbon chains. While there is no clear evidence for extraicosahedral B aside from boron oxides, ∼40% of the C is found to exist as extraicosahedral hydrocarbon species that are intimately bound within the icosahedral network rather than in segregated phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Paquette
- Department of Physics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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Vojteer N, Sagawe V, Stauffer J, Schroeder M, Hillebrecht H. LiB
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PC, the First Boron‐Rich Metal Boride with Phosphorus—Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hardness, Spectroscopic Investigations. Chemistry 2011; 17:3128-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Vojteer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 761203‐6021
| | - Vanessa Sagawe
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 761203‐6021
| | - Julia Stauffer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 761203‐6021
| | - Melanie Schroeder
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 761203‐6021
| | - Harald Hillebrecht
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 761203‐6021
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 25, 79104 Freiburg (Germany)
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Adasch V, Schroeder M, Kotzott D, Ludwig T, Vojteer N, Hillebrecht H. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of MgxB50C8 or Mgx(B12)4(CBC)2(C2)2 (x = 2.4−4). J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13723-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ja102659d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Adasch
- DRONCO AG, Wiesenmühle 1, D-95632 Wunsiedel, Germany, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Stefan-Maier-Strasse 25, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schroeder
- DRONCO AG, Wiesenmühle 1, D-95632 Wunsiedel, Germany, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Stefan-Maier-Strasse 25, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Kotzott
- DRONCO AG, Wiesenmühle 1, D-95632 Wunsiedel, Germany, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Stefan-Maier-Strasse 25, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Ludwig
- DRONCO AG, Wiesenmühle 1, D-95632 Wunsiedel, Germany, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Stefan-Maier-Strasse 25, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natascha Vojteer
- DRONCO AG, Wiesenmühle 1, D-95632 Wunsiedel, Germany, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Stefan-Maier-Strasse 25, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Hillebrecht
- DRONCO AG, Wiesenmühle 1, D-95632 Wunsiedel, Germany, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Stefan-Maier-Strasse 25, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Albert B, Hillebrecht H. Bor - elementare Herausforderung für Experimentatoren und Theoretiker. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Albert B, Hillebrecht H. Boron: Elementary Challenge for Experimenters and Theoreticians. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:8640-68. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Vojteer N, Schroeder M, Röhr C, Hillebrecht H. Li2B12Si2: The First Ternary Compound in the System Li/B/Si: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hardness, Spectroscopic Investigations, and Electronic Structure. Chemistry 2008; 14:7331-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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