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Xie Y, Gong L, Tao Y, Zhang B, Zhang L, Yang S, Yang D, Lu Y, Du G. New Cocrystals of Ligustrazine: Enhancing Hygroscopicity and Stability. Molecules 2024; 29:2208. [PMID: 38792070 PMCID: PMC11123683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ligustrazine (TMP) is the main active ingredient extracted from Rhizoma Chuanxiong, which is used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, with the drawback of being unstable and readily sublimated. Cocrystal technology is an effective method to improve the stability of TMP. Three benzoic acid compounds including P-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), 3-Aminobenzoic acid (MABA), and 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid (DNBA) were chosen for co-crystallization with TMP. Three novel cocrystals were obtained, including TMP-PABA (1:2), TMP-MABA (1.5:1), and TMP-DNBA (0.5:1). Hygroscopicity was characterized by the dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) method. Three cocrystals significantly improved the hygroscopicity stability, and the mass change in TMP decreased from 25% to 1.64% (TMP-PABA), 0.12% (TMP-MABA), and 0.03% (TMP-DNBA) at 90% relative humidity. The melting points of the three cocrystals were all higher than TMP, among which the TMP-DNBA cocrystal had the highest melting point and showed the best stability in reducing hygroscopicity. Crystal structure analysis shows that the mesh-like structure formed by the O-H⋯N hydrogen bond in the TMP-DNBA cocrystal was the reason for improving the stability of TMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Xie
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, National Center for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (G.D.)
| | - Lixiang Gong
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.G.); (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yue Tao
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.G.); (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Baoxi Zhang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.G.); (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.G.); (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Shiying Yang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.G.); (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.G.); (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.G.); (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, National Center for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (G.D.)
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Guinet Y, Paccou L, Hédoux A. Analysis of Co-Crystallization Mechanism of Theophylline and Citric Acid from Raman Investigations in Pseudo Polymorphic Forms Obtained by Different Synthesis Methods. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041605. [PMID: 36838593 PMCID: PMC9960353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing co-crystals can be considered as a commonly used strategy to improve the bioavailability of many low molecular weight drug candidates. The present study has revealed the existence of three pseudo polymorphic forms of theophylline-citric acid (TP-CA) co-crystal obtained via different routes of synthesis. These forms are characterized by different degrees of stability in relation with the strength of intermolecular forces responsible for the co-crystalline cohesion. Combining low- and high-frequency Raman investigations made it possible to identify anhydrous and hydrate forms of theophylline-citric acid co-crystals depending on the preparation method. It was shown that the easiest form to synthesize (form 1'), by milling one hydrate with an anhydrous reactant, is very metastable, and transforms into the anhydrous form 1 upon heating or into the hydrated form 2 when it is exposed to humidity. Raman investigations performed in situ during the co-crystallization of forms 1 and 2 have shown that two different types of H-bonding ensure the co-crystalline cohesion depending on the presence of water. In the hydrated form 2, the cohesive forces are related to strong O-H … O H-bonds between water molecules and the reactants. In the anhydrous form 1, the co-crystalline cohesion is ensured by very weak H-bonds between the two anhydrous reactants, interpreted as corresponding to π-H-bonding. The very weak strength of the cohesive forces in form 1 explains the difficulty to directly synthesize the anhydrous co-crystal.
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Shunje KN, Averkiev BB, Aakeröy CB. Influence of Multiple Binding Sites on the Supramolecular Assembly of N-[(3-pyridinylamino) Thioxomethyl] Carbamates. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123685. [PMID: 35744812 PMCID: PMC9228572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated how the presence of multiple intermolecular interaction sites influences the heteromeric supramolecular assembly of N-[(3-pyridinylamino) thioxomethyl] carbamates with fluoroiodobenzenes. Three targets—R-N-[(3-pyridinylamino) thioxomethyl] carbamate (R = methyl, ethyl, and isobutyl)—were selected and crystallized, resulting in three parent structures, five co-crystals, and one co-crystal solvate. Three hydrogen-bonded parent crystal structures were stabilized by N-H···N hydrogen bonding and assembled into layers that stacked on top of one another. Molecular electrostatic potential surfaces were employed to rank binding sites (Npyr > C=S > C=O) in order to predict the dominant interactions. The N-H⋯H hydrogen bond was replaced by I⋯Npyr in 3/6 cases, I⋯C=S in 4/6 cases, and I⋯O=C in 1 case. Interestingly, the I⋯C=S halogen bond coexisted twice with I⋯Npyr and I⋯O=C. Overall, the MEPs were fairly reliable for predicting co-crystallization outcomes; however, it is crucial to also consider factors such as molecular flexibility. Finally, halogen-bond donors are capable of competing for acceptor sites, even in the presence of strong hydrogen-bond donors.
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DUTT B, CHOUDHARY M, BUDHWAR V. A Brief Discussion of Multi-Component Organic Solids: Key Emphasis on Co-Crystallization. Turk J Pharm Sci 2022; 19:220-231. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.78700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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New Co-Crystals/Salts of Gallic Acid and Substituted Pyridines: An Effect of Ortho-Substituents on the Formation of an Acid–Pyridine Heterosynthon. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Co-crystallization of gallic acid with pyridines and their polyaromatic analogue, quinoline, ortho-substituted by various proton-donating groups able to form hydrogen bonds, produced the only reported co-crystal of gallic acid with an ortho-substituted pyridine, 2-hydroxypyridine, as its preferred pyridone-2 tautomer, and four new crystalline products of gallic acid. These co-crystals, or gallate salts depending on the choice of the pyridine-containing compound, as predicted by the pKa rule, were identified by X-ray diffraction to feature the popular acid–pyridine heterosynthon found in most of the two-component systems of gallic acid that lack ortho-substituents in the pyridine-containing compound. This single-point heterosynthon is, however, modified by one or two proton-donating ortho-substituents, which sometimes may transform into the proton acceptors in an adopted tautomer or zwitterion, to produce its two- or other multi-point variants, including a very rare four-point heterosynthon. The hydrogen bonds they form with the gallic acid species in the appropriate co-crystals/salts strongly favors the formation of the acid–pyridine heterosynthon over the acid–acid homosynthon. In the competitive conditions of multi-component systems, such a modification might be used to reduce supramolecular-synthon-based polymorphism to produce new pharmaceuticals and other crystalline materials with designed properties.
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Aitipamula S, Shan LP, Gupta KM. Polymorphism and distinct physicochemical properties of the phloretin–nicotinamide cocrystal. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel polymorphs of a cocrystal involving phloretin and nicotinamide were identified and found where the polymorphs show distinct crystal structures, photoluminescence, and dissolution rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Aitipamula
- Formulated Products, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore
| | - Loke Pei Shan
- Formulated Products, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore
| | - Krishna M. Gupta
- Formulated Products, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore
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Structures of eleven organic acid-base adducts from 2-aminobenzothiazole/2-aminothiazole and acidic compounds. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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8
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Rai SK, Baidya D, Nangia AK. Salts, solvates and hydrates of the multi-kinase inhibitor drug pazopanib with hydroxybenzoic acids. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00785h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eight cocrystal-salts of the multi-kinase drug pazopanib with hydroxybenzoic acids are sustained by the strong, ionic aminopyridinium⋯carboxylate heterosynthon of N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic acid donor and amino-pyrimidine acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Rai
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR – National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Debjani Baidya
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR – National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Ashwini K. Nangia
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR – National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Central University P.O., Hyderabad 500 046, India
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9
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Eesam S, Bhandaru JS, Naliganti C, Bobbala RK, Akkinepally RR. Solubility enhancement of carvedilol using drug–drug cocrystallization with hydrochlorothiazide. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Increasing hydrophilicity of poorly water-soluble drugs is a major challenge in drug discovery and development. Cocrystallization is one of the techniques to enhance the hydrophilicity of such drugs. Carvedilol (CAR), a nonselective beta/alpha1 blocker, used in the treatment of mild to moderate congestive heart failure and hypertension, is classified under BCS class II with poor aqueous solubility and high permeability. Present work is an attempt to improve the solubility of CAR by preparing cocrystals using hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), a diuretic drug, as coformer. CAR-HCT (2:0.5) cocrystals were prepared by slurry conversion method and were characterized by DSC, PXRD, FTIR, Raman, and SEM analysis. The solubility, stability, and dissolution (in vitro) studies were conducted for the cocrystals.
Results
The formation of CAR-HCT cocrystals was confirmed based on melting point, DSC thermograms, PXRD data, FTIR and Raman spectra, and finally by SEM micrographs. The solubility of the prepared cocrystals was significantly enhanced (7.3 times), and the dissolution (in vitro) was improved by 2.7 times as compared to pure drug CAR. Further, these cocrystals were also found to be stable for 3 months (90 days).
Conclusion
It may be inferred that the drug–drug (CAR-HCT) cocrystallization enhances the solubility and dissolution rate of carvedilol significantly. Further, by combining HCT as coformer could well be beneficial pharmacologically too.
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Li F, Zheng Z, Xia S, Yu L. Synthesis, co-crystal structure, and DFT calculations of a multicomponent co-crystal constructed from 1H-benzotriazole and tetrafluoroterephthalic acid. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Yan CM, Zhang YA, Chen C, Zhao XQ, Hossain AMS, Sun BW. A co-crystal strategy for the solidification of liquid pyrazine derivatives: X-ray structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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A Novel Co-Crystal of Bexarotene and Ligustrazine Improves Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Bexarotene in SD Rats. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100906. [PMID: 32977470 PMCID: PMC7598278 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bexarotene (BEX), a specific retinoic acid X receptor (RXR) agonist granted by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the clinical treatment of T cell lymphoma, has now been found to exert pharmacological effects in the nervous system, with low bioavailability and poor cerebral distribution limiting its application in treatment on neurological disorders. Pharmaceutical co-crystal was a helpful method to improve the bioavailability and tissue distribution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Here, 2bexarotene-ligustrazine (2BEX-LIG), a novel co-crystal system of BEX and ligustrazine (LIG) of which with BEX is an API, was constructed with satisfactory stability and enhanced solubility. The pharmacokinetics characteristics of BEX were detected, and the results showed that the absolute bioavailability and the cerebral concentration of BEX in rats administrated with 2BEX-LIG were enhanced from 22.89% to 42.86% and increased by 3.4-fold, respectively, compared with those in rats administrated an equivalent of BEX. Hence, our present study indicated that the novel co-crystal of 2BEX-LIG contributed to improving BEX oral bioavailability and cerebral distribution, thereby providing significant advantages for clinical application of brain tumors and other neurological diseases.
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Gao L, Hao Y, Zhang X, Huang X, Wang T, Hao H. Polymorph induced diversity of photomechanical motions of molecular crystals. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00311e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photomechanical motions of the polymorphs of trans-4,4′-azopyridine are distinct under the influence of different molecular packing and intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- PR China
| | - Yunhui Hao
- National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- PR China
| | - Xiunan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- PR China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- PR China
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Ahmad I, Ganie AA, Dar AA. Achievement of enhanced solubility and improved optics in molecular complexes based on a sulfonate–pyridinium supramolecular synthon. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00346h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Complexes 1–3 aggregate as intriguing supramolecular assemblies and show enhanced solubility and optical properties vis-à-vis pristine components. 3 exhibits striking enhancement in solubility of 2350% via-a-vis 4-A-3-HNSA-2H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiyaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Section
- University of Kashmir
- Srinagar-190006
- India
| | - Arshid A. Ganie
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Section
- University of Kashmir
- Srinagar-190006
- India
| | - Aijaz A. Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Section
- University of Kashmir
- Srinagar-190006
- India
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Wang N, Huang X, Chen L, Yang J, Li X, Ma J, Bao Y, Li F, Yin Q, Hao H. Consistency and variability of cocrystals containing positional isomers: the self-assembly evolution mechanism of supramolecular synthons of cresol-piperazine. IUCRJ 2019; 6:1064-1073. [PMID: 31709062 PMCID: PMC6830220 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519012363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The disposition of functional groups can induce variations in the nature and type of interactions and hence affect the molecular recognition and self-assembly mechanism in cocrystals. To better understand the formation of cocrystals on a molecular level, the effects of disposition of functional groups on the formation of cocrystals were systematically and comprehensively investigated using cresol isomers (o-, m-, p-cresol) as model compounds. Consistency and variability in these cocrystals containing positional isomers were found and analyzed. The structures, molecular recognition and self-assembly mechanism of supramolecular synthons in solution and in their corresponding cocrystals were verified by a combined experimental and theoretical calculation approach. It was found that the heterosynthons (heterotrimer or heterodimer) combined with O-H⋯N hydrogen bonding played a significant role. Hirshfeld surface analysis and computed interaction energy values were used to determine the hierarchical ordering of the weak interactions. The quantitative analyses of charge transfers and molecular electrostatic potential were also applied to reveal and verify the reasons for consistency and variability. Finally, the molecular recognition, self-assembly and evolution process of the supramolecular synthons in solution were investigated. The results confirm that the supramolecular synthon structures formed initially in solution would be carried over to the final cocrystals, and the supramolecular synthon structures are the precursors of cocrystals and the information memory of the cocrystallization process, which is evidence for classical nucleation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyue Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Ma
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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Hydrogen Bonding Assembled 3D Supramolecular Structures Formed by 5-Amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic Acid and N-Heterocyclic Aromatic Ligands. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-9116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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A series of cocrystals formed by 2,3-dimethylpyrazine bridging various aromatic acids through hydrogen bonds: Synthesis, structural characterization and synthon discussion. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Sathisaran I, Dalvi SV. Engineering Cocrystals of PoorlyWater-Soluble Drugs to Enhance Dissolution in Aqueous Medium. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E108. [PMID: 30065221 PMCID: PMC6161265 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II and IV drugs suffer from poor aqueous solubility and hence low bioavailability. Most of these drugs are hydrophobic and cannot be developed into a pharmaceutical formulation due to their poor aqueous solubility. One of the ways to enhance the aqueous solubility of poorlywater-soluble drugs is to use the principles of crystal engineering to formulate cocrystals of these molecules with water-soluble molecules (which are generally called coformers). Many researchers have shown that the cocrystals significantly enhance the aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. In this review, we present a consolidated account of reports available in the literature related to the cocrystallization of poorly water-soluble drugs. The current practice to formulate new drug cocrystals with enhanced solubility involves a lot of empiricism. Therefore, in this work, attempts have been made to understand a general framework involved in successful (and unsuccessful) cocrystallization events which can yield different solid forms such as cocrystals, cocrystal polymorphs, cocrystal hydrates/solvates, salts, coamorphous solids, eutectics and solid solutions. The rationale behind screening suitable coformers for cocrystallization has been explained based on the rules of five i.e., hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding (and in general non-covalent bonding), length of carbon chain, molecular recognition points and coformer aqueous solubility. Different techniques to screen coformers for effective cocrystallization and methods to synthesize cocrystals have been discussed. Recent advances in technologies for continuous and solvent-free production of cocrystals have also been discussed. Furthermore, mechanisms involved in solubilization of these solid forms and the parameters influencing dissolution and stability of specific solid forms have been discussed. Overall, this review provides a consolidated account of the rationale for design of cocrystals, past efforts, recent developments and future perspectives for cocrystallization research which will be extremely useful for researchers working in pharmaceutical formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Sathisaran
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India.
| | - Sameer Vishvanath Dalvi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India.
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Mnguni MJ, Michael JP, Lemmerer A. Binary polymorphic cocrystals: an update on the available literature in the Cambridge Structural Database, including a new polymorph of the pharmaceutical 1:1 cocrystal theophylline-3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 74:715-720. [PMID: 29870007 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618006861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An analysis and classification of the 2925 neutral binary organic cocrystals in the Cambridge Structural Database is reported, focusing specifically on those both showing polymorphism and containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The search was confined to molecules having only C, H, N, O, S and halogens atoms. It was found that 400 out of 2925 cocrystals can be classified as pharmaceutical cocrystals, containing at least one API, and that of those, 56 can be classified as being polymorphic cocrystals. In general, the total number of polymorphic cocrystal systems of any type stands at 125. In addition, a new polymorph of the pharmaceutical cocrystal theophylline-3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (1/1), C7H8N4O2·C7H6O4, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malitsatsi J Mnguni
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Gauteng, PO Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Joseph P Michael
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Gauteng, PO Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Andreas Lemmerer
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Gauteng, PO Wits 2050, South Africa
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20
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Saha S, Desiraju GR. Acid···Amide Supramolecular Synthon in Cocrystals: From Spectroscopic Detection to Property Engineering. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6361-6373. [PMID: 29697258 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The acid···amide dimer heterosynthon in cocrystals of aromatic acids and primary amides is identified by marker peaks in the IR spectra that are characteristic of individual N-H···O and O-H···O interactions and also of the extended synthon. The O-H···O hydrogen bond is crucial to heterodimer formation in contrast to the N-H···O bond. A combinatorial study, tuning the chemical nature of acid and amide functionalities, leads to 22 cocrystals out of 36 crystallization attempts. Four quadrants I-IV are defined based on acidity and basicity of the acid and amide components. The strong acid-strong base combination in quadrant I favors the planar acid···amide heterodimer in its eight cocrystals. Quadrant IV with its weak acid-weak base combination is the least favored for the planar heterosynthon and synthon diversity is observed in the eight cocrystals obtained. The strong-weak and weak-strong combinations in quadrants II and III are expectedly ambivalent. This exercise highlights the effect of molecular features on supramolecular behavior. Quadrant I crystals, with their propensity for the planar acid···amide heterodimer are suitable for the engineering of crystals that can be sheared. This quadrant favors the formation of elastic crystals too. The overall result is that 57% (4 in 7) of all crystals in this quadrant are deformable, compared with 14% (1 in 7) in the three other quadrants. This work is a complete crystal engineering exercise from synthon identification to a particular desired crystal packing to property selection. One can virtually anticipate the mechanical property of a putative acid···amide cocrystal from a knowledge of just the molecular structures of the constituent acid and amide molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Saha
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560 012 , India
| | - Gautam R Desiraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560 012 , India
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21
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Bojarska J, Remko M, Fruziński A, Maniukiewicz W. The experimental and theoretical landscape of a new antiplatelet drug ticagrelor: Insight into supramolecular architecture directed by C H⋯F, π⋯π and C H⋯π interactions. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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22
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Gunawardana CA, Aakeröy CB. Co-crystal synthesis: fact, fancy, and great expectations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:14047-14060. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Some strategies for driving co-crystal synthesis using a variety of competing non-covalent interactions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. B. Aakeröy
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
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23
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Ding A, Jin S, Jin S, Hu K, Lin Z, Liu H, Wang D. Crystal structures of eight 3D molecular adducts derived from bis-imidazole, bis(benzimidazole), and organic acids. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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24
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Mohana M, Muthiah PT, McMillen CD. Supramolecular hydrogen-bonding patterns in 1:1 cocrystals of 5-fluorouracil with 4-methylbenzoic acid and 3-nitrobenzoic acid. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 73:259-263. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229617001486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The design of a pharmaceutical cocrystal is based on the identification of specific hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor groups in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in order to choose a `complementary interacting' molecule that can act as an efficient coformer. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is a pyrimidine derivative with two N—H donors and C=O acceptors and shows a diversity of hydrogen-bonding motifs. Two 1:1 cocrystals of 5-fluorouracil (5FU), namely 5-fluorouracil–4-methylbenzoic acid (5FU–MBA), C4H3FN2O2·C8H8O2, (I), and 5-fluorouracil–3-nitrobenzoic acid (5FU–NBA), C4H3FN2O2·C7H5NO4, (II), have been prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In (I), the MBA molecules form carboxylic acid dimers [R
2
2(8) homosynthon]. Similarly, the 5FU molecules form two types of base pair via a pair of N—H...O hydrogen bonds [R
2
2(8) homosynthon]. In (II), 5FU interacts with the carboxylic acid group of NBA via N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating an R
2
2(8) ring motif (heterosynthon). Furthermore, the 5FU molecules form base pairs [R
2
2(8) homosynthon] via N—H...O hydrogen bonds. Both of the crystal structures are stabilized by C—H...F interactions.
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25
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Gunawardana CA, Desper J, Sinha AS, Ðaković M, Aakeröy CB. Competition and selectivity in supramolecular synthesis: structural landscape around 1-(pyridylmethyl)-2,2′-biimidazoles. Faraday Discuss 2017; 203:371-388. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00080d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three isomeric forms of 1-(pyridylmethyl)-2,2′-biimidazole, A1–A3, have been synthesized and subjected to systematic co-crystallizations with selected hydrogen- and halogen-bond donors in order to explore the impact of electrostatics and geometry on the resulting supramolecular architectures. The solid-state supramolecular behavior of A1–A3 is largely consistent in halogen-bonded co-crystals. Only two types of primary interactions, the N–H⋯N/N⋯H–N homomeric hydrogen-bond interactions responsible for the pairing of biimidazole moieties and the I⋯N(pyridine) halogen bonds responsible for the co-crystal formation and structure extension, are present in these systems. The co-crystallizations with hydrogen-bond donors (carboxylic acids), however, lead to multiple possible structural outcomes because of the presence of the biimidazole–acid N–H⋯OC/N⋯H–O heterosynthon that can compete with biimidazole–biimidazole N–H⋯N/N⋯H–N homosynthon. In addition, the somewhat unpredictable nature of proton transfer makes the hydrogen-bonded co-crystals structurally less consistent than their halogen-bonded counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Desper
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
| | - A. S. Sinha
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
| | - M. Ðaković
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - C. B. Aakeröy
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
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26
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Nechipadappu SK, R. Trivedi D. Pharmaceutical salts of ethionamide with GRAS counter ion donors to enhance the solubility. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 96:578-589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Mohamed S, Karothu DP, Naumov P. Using crystal structure prediction to rationalize the hydration propensities of substituted adamantane hydrochloride salts. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2016; 72:551-61. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520616006326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The crystal energy landscapes of the salts of two rigid pharmaceutically active molecules reveal that the experimental structure of amantadine hydrochloride is the most stable structure with the majority of low-energy structures adopting a chain hydrogen-bond motif and packings that do not have solvent accessible voids. By contrast, memantine hydrochloride which differs in the substitution of two methyl groups on the adamantane ring has a crystal energy landscape where all structures within 10 kJ mol−1of the global minimum have solvent-accessible voids ranging from 3 to 14% of the unit-cell volume including the lattice energy minimum that was calculated after removing water from the hydrated memantine hydrochloride salt structure. The success in using crystal structure prediction (CSP) to rationalize the different hydration propensities of these substituted adamantane hydrochloride salts allowed us to extend the model to predict under blind test conditions the experimental crystal structures of the previously uncharacterized 1-(methylamino)adamantane base and its corresponding hydrochloride salt. Although the crystal structure of 1-(methylamino)adamantane was correctly predicted as the second ranked structure on the static lattice energy landscape, the crystallization of aZ′ = 3 structure of 1-(methylamino)adamantane hydrochloride reveals the limits of applying CSP when the contents of the crystallographic asymmetric unit are unknown.
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28
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Oruganti M, Khade P, Das UK, Trivedi DR. The hierarchies of hydrogen bonds in salts/cocrystals of isoniazid and its Schiff base – a case study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14951g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of two salts of isoniazid and two cocrystals of its Schiff base have been synthesized and well characterized. Further, the hydrogen bonding patterns have been studied and the correlation between the bond distances and corresponding pKa's have been deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Oruganti
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK)-Surathkal
- Mangalore-575 025
- India
| | - Pavan Khade
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal
- Mangalore-575 025
- India
| | - Uttam Kumar Das
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Darshak R. Trivedi
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK)-Surathkal
- Mangalore-575 025
- India
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29
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Kaur R, Cherukuvada S, Managutti PB, Row TNG. A gallic acid–succinimide co-crystal landscape: polymorphism, pseudopolymorphism, variable stoichiometry co-crystals and concomitant growth of non-solvated and solvated co-crystals. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01965f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A design aspect for selective formation of diverse solid forms such as solvates, hydrates and anhydrous forms has been successfully investigated in a gallic acid–succinimide co-crystal landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanpreet Kaur
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bengaluru 560012, India
| | | | - Praveen B. Managutti
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Tayur N. Guru Row
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bengaluru 560012, India
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30
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Bojarska J, Maniukiewicz W. Investigation of intermolecular interactions in finasteride drug crystals in view of X-ray and Hirshfeld surface analysis. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Jin S, Zhang H, Liu H, Wen X, Li M, Wang D. Structure of eight molecular salts assembled from noncovalent bonding between carboxylic acids, imidazole, and benzimidazole. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Dubey R, Desiraju GR. Combinatorial selection of molecular conformations and supramolecular synthons in quercetin cocrystal landscapes: a route to ternary solids. IUCRJ 2015; 2:402-8. [PMID: 26175900 PMCID: PMC4491312 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252515009884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The crystallization of 28 binary and ternary cocrystals of quercetin with dibasic coformers is analyzed in terms of a combinatorial selection from a solution of preferred molecular conformations and supramolecular synthons. The crystal structures are characterized by distinctive O-H⋯N and O-H⋯O based synthons and are classified as nonporous, porous and helical. Variability in molecular conformation and synthon structure led to an increase in the energetic and structural space around the crystallization event. This space is the crystal structure landscape of the compound and is explored by fine-tuning the experimental conditions of crystallization. In the landscape context, we develop a strategy for the isolation of ternary cocrystals with the use of auxiliary template molecules to reduce the molecular and supramolecular 'confusion' that is inherent in a molecule like quercetin. The absence of concomitant polymorphism in this study highlights the selectivity in conformation and synthon choice from the virtual combinatorial library in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Dubey
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Gautam R. Desiraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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33
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Moorthy JN, Natarajan P, Krishna MS, Nagarajaiah H, Venugopalan P. Isomorphous three-component crystals (pseudopolymorphs of binary cocrystals) based on lattice inclusion of guests with a sterically-rigidified tetraarylpyrene host. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00243e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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35
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Nanubolu JB, Sridhar B, Ravikumar K. Polymorphism in R-tamsulosin (an alpha blocker): The unexpected manifestation of a sulfonamide⋯o-diethoxybenzene heterosynthon. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Abstract
The notion of structure is central to the subject of chemistry. This review traces the development of the idea of crystal structure since the time when a crystal structure could be determined from a three-dimensional diffraction pattern and assesses the feasibility of computationally predicting an unknown crystal structure of a given molecule. Crystal structure prediction is of considerable fundamental and applied importance, and its successful execution is by no means a solved problem. The ease of crystal structure determination today has resulted in the availability of large numbers of crystal structures of higher-energy polymorphs and pseudopolymorphs. These structural libraries lead to the concept of a crystal structure landscape. A crystal structure of a compound may accordingly be taken as a data point in such a landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejender S Thakur
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 031, India
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37
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Dubey R, Desiraju GR. Combinatorial crystal synthesis: structural landscape of phloroglucinol:1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene and phloroglucinol:phenazine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13178-82. [PMID: 25284214 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A large number of crystal forms, polymorphs and pseudopolymorphs, have been isolated in the phloroglucinol-dipyridylethylene (PGL:DPE) and phloroglucinol-phenazine (PGL:PHE) systems. An understanding of the intermolecular interactions and synthon preferences in these binary systems enables one to design a ternary molecular solid that consists of PGL, PHE, and DPE, and also others where DPE is replaced by other heterocycles. Clean isolation of these ternary cocrystals demonstrates synthon amplification during crystallization. These results point to the lesser likelihood of polymorphism in multicomponent crystals compared to single-component crystals. The appearance of several crystal forms during crystallization of a multicomponent system can be viewed as combinatorial crystal synthesis with synthon selection from a solution library. The resulting polymorphs and pseudopolymorphs that are obtained constitute a crystal structure landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Dubey
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012 (India)
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38
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Dubey R, Desiraju GR. Combinatorial Crystal Synthesis: Structural Landscape of Phloroglucinol:1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene and Phloroglucinol:Phenazine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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39
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Jin S, Zhang J, Wang D, Tao L, Zhou M, Shen Y, Chen Q, Lin Z, Gao X. Structure of six organic acid–base adducts from 6-bromobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine and acidic compounds. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Bisht KK, Patel P, Rachuri Y, Eringathodi S. Binary co-crystals of the active pharmaceutical ingredient 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene and camphoric acid. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2014; 70:63-71. [PMID: 24441129 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520613031260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Co-crystals comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene, C12H10N4, and the chiral co-formers (+)-, (-)- and (rac)-camphoric acid (cam), C10H16O4, have been synthesized. Two different stoichiometries of the API and co-former are obtained, namely 1:1 and 3:2. Crystallization experiments suggest that the 3:2 co-crystal is kinetically favoured over the 1:1 co-crystal. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the co-crystals reveals N-H...O hydrogen bonding as the primary driving force for crystallization of the supramolecular structures. The 1:1 co-crystal contains undulating hydrogen-bonded ribbons, in which the chiral cam molecules impart a helical twist. The 3:2 co-crystal contains discrete Z-shaped motifs comprising three molecules of the API and two molecules of cam. The 3:2 co-crystals with (+)-cam, (-)-cam (space group P21) and (rac)-cam (space group P21/n) are isostructural. The enantiomeric co-crystals contain pseudo-symmetry consistent with space group P21/n, and the co-crystal with (rac)-cam represents a solid solution between the co-crystals containing (+)-cam and (-)-cam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kumar Bisht
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyank Patel
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Yadagiri Rachuri
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Suresh Eringathodi
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
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41
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Seliger J, Žagar V. Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Investigation of Hydrogen Bonding in Some Cocrystals of 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine and Carboxylic Acids. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:996-1002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp412332p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janez Seliger
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova
39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska
19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veselko Žagar
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova
39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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42
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Aitipamula S, Chow PS, Tan RBH. Polymorphism in cocrystals: a review and assessment of its significance. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce42008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Abstract
Progression from drug to co-crystal to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Blagden
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln, UK
| | - S. J. Coles
- Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton, UK
| | - D. J. Berry
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health (Pharmacy)
- Durham University
- , UK
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44
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Tothadi S. Polymorphism in cocrystals of urea:4,4′-bipyridine and salicylic acid:4,4′-bipyridine. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The urea tape is rare in urea cocrystals. Cocrystal packing polymorphs Form IA and Form IIA were obtained selectively from MeCN and MeOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinu Tothadi
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560 012, India
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45
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Li S, Chen JM, Lu TB. Synthon polymorphs of 1 : 1 co-crystal of 5-fluorouracil and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid: their relative stability and solvent polarity dependence of grinding outcomes. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two synthon polymorphs of 1 : 1 co-crystals of 5-fluorouracil and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were synthesized, and the crystal structures were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Life Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Jia-Mei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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46
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Wang L, Xue R, Li Y, Zhao Y, Liu F, Huang K. Hydrogen-bonding patterns in a series of multi-component molecular solids formed by 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine with selected carboxylic acids. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00749b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonding patterns in a series of cocrystals of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine with selected carboxylic acids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Ruiyu Xue
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yuanxin Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Faqian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Keke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun, PR China
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Dubey R, Tewari AK, Singh VP, Singh P, Dangi JS, Puerta C, Valerga P, Kant R. Molecular docking study of conformational polymorph: building block of crystal chemistry. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:309710. [PMID: 24250264 PMCID: PMC3821945 DOI: 10.1155/2013/309710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two conformational polymorphs of novel 2-[2-(3-cyano-4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H-pyridin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-4,6-dimethyl nicotinonitrile have been developed. The crystal structure of both polymorphs (1a and 1b) seems to be stabilized by weak interactions. A difference was observed in the packing of both polymorphs. Polymorph 1b has a better binding affinity with the cyclooxygenase (COX-2) receptor than the standard (Nimesulide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Tewari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ved Prakash Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Praveen Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Jawahar Singh Dangi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Carmen Puerta
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingenieria Metalurgica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario del Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Pedro Valerga
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingenieria Metalurgica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario del Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Rajni Kant
- Department of Physics, Jammu University, Jammu 180016, India
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Abstract
How do molecules aggregate in solution, and how do these aggregates consolidate themselves in crystals? What is the relationship between the structure of a molecule and the structure of the crystal it forms? Why do some molecules adopt more than one crystal structure? Why do some crystal structures contain solvent? How does one design a crystal structure with a specified topology of molecules, or a specified coordination of molecules and/or ions, or with a specified property? What are the relationships between crystal structures and properties for molecular crystals? These are some of the questions that are being addressed today by the crystal engineering community, a group that draws from the larger communities of organic, inorganic, and physical chemists, crystallographers, and solid state scientists. This Perspective provides a brief historical introduction to crystal engineering itself and an assessment of the importance and utility of the supramolecular synthon, which is one of the most important concepts in the practical use and implementation of crystal design. It also provides a look to the future from the viewpoint of the author, and indicates some directions in which this field might be moving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam R Desiraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
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49
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Gao X, Jin S, Liang S, Chen W, Wang D. Structure of four molecular salts assembled from noncovalent associations between carboxylic acids and aromatic bases containing benzimidazole moiety. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Kumar SS, Rana S, Nangia A. Solid-State Form Screen of Cardiosulfa and Its Analogues. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1551-68. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201201162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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