1
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Branson JA, Smith PW, Sergentu DC, Russo DR, Gupta H, Booth CH, Arnold J, Schelter EJ, Autschbach J, Minasian SG. The Counterintuitive Relationship between Orbital Energy, Orbital Overlap, and Bond Covalency in CeF 62- and CeCl 62. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39241121 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
The 4f orbitals of Ce(IV) have shown appreciably enhanced covalent mixing with ligand orbitals relative to those of Ce(III). Here, X-ray spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and theoretical methods are used to investigate 4f covalency in CeF62- and CeCl62-. These techniques show covalent mixing between Ce 4f and F 2p orbitals to be about 25% less than mixing between Ce 4f and Cl 3p orbitals, placing CeF62- among the most ionic Ce(IV) compounds to-date. However, ligand field analysis using the experimental data shows significantly higher 4f orbital overlap with the F 2p orbitals compared to the Cl 3p. This result is counterintuitive since the Ce-F bonds display less 4f covalency despite their higher orbital overlap, and greater overlap is traditionally associated with enhanced bond covalency. The weaker covalency is attributed to the large energy gap between Ce 4f and F 2p orbitals strongly counteracting the higher orbital overlap. These results highlight that only a concerted consideration of both atomic orbital overlap and energy matching in f-element systems leads to an accurate picture of their bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Branson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Patrick W Smith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dumitru-Claudiu Sergentu
- RA-03 (RECENT AIR) Laboratory, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Iaşi 700506, Romania
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Iaşi 700506, Romania
| | - Dominic R Russo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Himanshu Gupta
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Corwin H Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Stefan G Minasian
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Katzer NJ, Kaur M, Sen A, Nimaiyar R, Autschbach J, Arnold PL, Hintermair U. Tetraphenylpentalenide organolanthanide complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9749-9752. [PMID: 39171542 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The D2h symmetrical 1,3,4,6-tetraphenylpentalenide is an excellent ligand for the stabilisation of strongly coloured bis(pentalenide) LnIII sandwich complexes. These easily accessible compounds complement previously reported lanthanide organometallics and provide new opportunities to understand the roles of the f-orbitals in electronic structure and bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Katzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Asmita Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Rupal Nimaiyar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Polly L Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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3
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Pandey P, Wang X, Gupta H, Smith PW, Lapsheva E, Carroll PJ, Bacon AM, Booth CH, Minasian SG, Autschbach J, Zurek E, Schelter EJ. Realization of Organocerium-Based Fullerene Molecular Materials Showing Mott Insulator-Type Behavior. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17857-17869. [PMID: 38533949 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Electron-rich organocerium complexes (C5Me4H)3Ce and [(C5Me5)2Ce(ortho-oxa)], with redox potentials E1/2 = -0.82 V and E1/2 = -0.86 V versus Fc/Fc+, respectively, were reacted with fullerene (C60) in different stoichiometries to obtain molecular materials. Structurally characterized cocrystals: [(C5Me4H)3Ce]2·C60 (1) and [(C5Me5)2Ce(ortho-oxa)]3·C60 (2) of C60 with cerium-based, molecular rare earth precursors are reported for the first time. The extent of charge transfer in 1 and 2 was evaluated using a series of physical measurements: FT-IR, Raman, solid-state UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The physical measurements indicate that 1 and 2 comprise the cerium(III) oxidation state, with formally neutral C60 as a cocrystal in both cases. Pressure-dependent periodic density functional theory calculations were performed to study the electronic structure of 1. Inclusion of a Hubbard-U parameter removes Ce f states from the Fermi level, opens up a band gap, and stabilizes FM/AFM magnetic solutions that are isoenergetic because of the large distances between the Ce(III) cations. The electronic structure of this strongly correlated Mott insulator-type system is reminiscent of the well-studied Ce2O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Pandey
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Himanshu Gupta
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick W Smith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ekaterina Lapsheva
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alexandra M Bacon
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Corwin H Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stefan G Minasian
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Eva Zurek
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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4
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Mahieu N, Piątkowski J, Simler T, Nocton G. Back to the future of organolanthanide chemistry. Chem Sci 2023; 14:443-457. [PMID: 36741512 PMCID: PMC9848160 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05976b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
At the dawn of the development of structural organometallic chemistry, soon after the discovery of ferrocene, the description of the LnCp3 complexes, featuring large and mostly trivalent lanthanide ions, was rather original and sparked curiosity. Yet, the interest in these new architectures rapidly dwindled due to the electrostatic nature of the bonding between π-aromatic ligands and 4f-elements. Almost 70 years later, it is interesting to focus on how the discipline has evolved in various directions with the reports of multiple catalytic reactivities, remarkable potential in small molecule activation, and the development of rich redox chemistry. Aside from chemical reactivity, a better understanding of their singular electronic nature - not precisely as simplistic as anticipated - has been crucial for developing tailored compounds with adapted magnetic anisotropy or high fluorescence properties that have witnessed significant popularity in recent years. Future developments shall greatly benefit from the detailed reactivity, structural and physical chemistry studies, particularly in photochemistry, electro- or photoelectrocatalysis of inert small molecules, and manipulating the spins' coherence in quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Mahieu
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay91120 PalaiseauFrance
| | - Jakub Piątkowski
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay91120 PalaiseauFrance
| | - Thomas Simler
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay91120 PalaiseauFrance
| | - Grégory Nocton
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay91120 PalaiseauFrance
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5
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Moreau LM, Lapsheva E, Amaro-Estrada JI, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Manor BC, Qiao Y, Yang Q, Lukens WW, Sokaras D, Schelter EJ, Maron L, Booth CH. Electronic structure studies reveal 4f/5d mixing and its effect on bonding characteristics in Ce-imido and -oxo complexes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1759-1773. [PMID: 35282640 PMCID: PMC8827158 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06623d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the role of 5d orbitals in the bonding, and electronic and magnetic structure of Ce imido and oxo complexes synthesized with a tris(hydroxylaminato) [((2-tBuNO)C6H4CH2)3N]3− (TriNOx3−) ligand framework, including the reported synthesis and characterization of two new alkali metal-capped Ce oxo species. X-ray spectroscopy measurements reveal that the imido and oxo materials exhibit an intermediate valent ground state of the Ce, displaying hallmark features in the Ce LIII absorption of partial f-orbital occupancy that are relatively constant for all measured compounds. These spectra feature a double peak consistent with other formal Ce(iv) compounds. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal enhanced levels of temperature-independent paramagnetism (TIP). In contrast to systems with direct bonding to an aromatic ligand, no clear correlation between the level of TIP and f-orbital occupancy is observed. CASSCF calculations defy a conventional van Vleck explanation of the TIP, indicating a single-reference ground state with no low-lying triplet excited state, despite accurately predicting the measured values of f-orbital occupancy. The calculations do, however, predict strong 4f/5d hybridization. In fact, within these complexes, despite having similar f-orbital occupancies and therefore levels of 4f/5d hybridization, the d-state distributions vary depending on the bonding motif (Ce
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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O vs. CeN) of the complex, and can also be fine-tuned based on varying alkali metal cation capping species. This system therefore provides a platform for understanding the characteristic nature of Ce multiple bonds and potential impact that the associated d-state distribution may have on resulting reactivity. Ce(iv) complexes with multiple bonds display similar f0 fractions, but different f/d hybridization, 5d-orbital energies, and TIP levels.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane M. Moreau
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ekaterina Lapsheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Michael R. Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian C. Manor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yusen Qiao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qiaomu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wayne W. Lukens
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, UMR 5215, CNRS, INSA, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Corwin H. Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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6
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Hirneise L, Langmann J, Zitzer G, Ude L, Maichle-Mössmer C, Scherer W, Speiser B, Anwander R. Tuning Organocerium Electrochemical Potentials by Extending Tris(cyclopentadienyl) Scaffolds with Terminal Halogenido, Siloxy, and Alkoxy Ligands. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hirneise
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Langmann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Georg Zitzer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Ude
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Scherer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Speiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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7
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Sergentu DC, Booth CH, Autschbach J. Probing Multiconfigurational States by Spectroscopy: The Cerium XAS L 3 -edge Puzzle. Chemistry 2021; 27:7239-7251. [PMID: 33566372 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Ce L3 edge XAS spectra of CeO2 and cerocene [Ce(C8 H8 )2 ] were calculated with relativistic ab-initio multireference wavefunction approaches capable of reproducing the observed spectra accurately. The study aims to resolve the decades-long puzzle regarding the relationship between the number and relative intensities of the XAS peaks and the 4f electron occupation in the ground state (GS) versus the core-excited states (ESs). CeO2 and cerocene exemplify the different roles of covalent bonding and wavefunction configurational composition in the observed intensity patterns. Good agreement is found between the calculated GS 4f-shell occupations and the value derived from XAS measurements using peak areas (nf ). The identity of the two-peaked Ce L3 edge is fully rationalized from the perspective of the relaxed wavefunctions for the GS and core ESs. The states underlying the different peaks differ from each other in a surprisingly simple way that can be associated with 4f1 vs. 4f0 sub-configurations. Furthermore, part of one of the cerocene spectral peaks is associated with 4f2 sub-configurations. The pattern therefore reveals excited states that can be interpreted in terms of Ce IV and III oxidation numbers, as long assumed, with Ce II states additionally appearing in the cerocene spectrum. While this work demonstrates the rough accuracy of the conventional approach to determining nf from Ce L3 -edge XAS, limitations are highlighted in terms of the ultimate accuracy of this approach and the potential of observing new types of excited states. The need to determine the sources of nf by calculations, is stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumitru-Claudiu Sergentu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA
| | - Corwin H Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA
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8
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Tricoire M, Mahieu N, Simler T, Nocton G. Intermediate Valence States in Lanthanide Compounds. Chemistry 2021; 27:6860-6879. [PMID: 33340383 PMCID: PMC7610675 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over more than 50 years, intermediate valence states in lanthanide compounds have often resulted in unexpected or puzzling spectroscopic and magnetic properties. Such experimental singularities could not be rationalised until new theoretical models involving multiconfigurational electronic ground states were established. In this minireview, the different singularities that have been observed among lanthanide complexes are highlighted, the models used to rationalise them are detailed and how such electronic effects may be adjusted depending on energy and symmetry considerations is considered. Understanding and tuning the ground-state multiconfigurational behaviour in lanthanide complexes may open new doors to modular and unusual reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Tricoire
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, cedex, France
| | - Nolwenn Mahieu
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, cedex, France
| | - Thomas Simler
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, cedex, France
| | - Grégory Nocton
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, cedex, France
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9
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Smiles DE, Batista ER, Booth CH, Clark DL, Keith JM, Kozimor SA, Martin RL, Minasian SG, Shuh DK, Stieber SCE, Tyliszczak T. The duality of electron localization and covalency in lanthanide and actinide metallocenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2796-2809. [PMID: 34084340 PMCID: PMC8157540 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06114b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous magnetic, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies of cerocene, Ce(C8H8)2, have provided evidence for non-negligible 4f-electron density on Ce and implied that charge transfer from the ligands occurs as a result of covalent bonding. Strong correlations of the localized 4f-electrons to the delocalized ligand π-system result in emergence of Kondo-like behavior and other quantum chemical phenomena that are rarely observed in molecular systems. In this study, Ce(C8H8)2 is analyzed experimentally using carbon K-edge and cerium M5,4-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopies (XAS), and computationally using configuration interaction (CI) calculations and density functional theory (DFT) as well as time-dependent DFT (TDDFT). Both spectroscopic approaches provide strong evidence for ligand → metal electron transfer as a result of Ce 4f and 5d mixing with the occupied C 2p orbitals of the C8H8 2- ligands. Specifically, the Ce M5,4-edge XAS and CI calculations show that the contribution of the 4f1, or Ce3+, configuration to the ground state of Ce(C8H8)2 is similar to strongly correlated materials such as CeRh3 and significantly larger than observed for other formally Ce4+ compounds including CeO2 and CeCl6 2-. Pre-edge features in the experimental and TDDFT-simulated C K-edge XAS provide unequivocal evidence for C 2p and Ce 4f covalent orbital mixing in the δ-antibonding orbitals of e2u symmetry, which are the unoccupied counterparts to the occupied, ligand-based δ-bonding e2u orbitals. The C K-edge peak intensities, which can be compared directly to the C 2p and Ce 4f orbital mixing coefficients determined by DFT, show that covalency in Ce(C8H8)2 is comparable in magnitude to values reported previously for U(C8H8)2. An intuitive model is presented to show how similar covalent contributions to the ground state can have different impacts on the overall stability of f-element metallocenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danil E Smiles
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | | | - Corwin H Booth
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - David L Clark
- Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | | | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | | | | | - David K Shuh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | | | - Tolek Tyliszczak
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
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10
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Assefa MK, Sergentu DC, Seaman LA, Wu G, Autschbach J, Hayton TW. Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemistry of the Homoleptic f Element Ketimide Complexes [Li]2[M(N═CtBuPh)6] (M = Ce, Th). Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12654-12661. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikiyas K. Assefa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, 93106 Santa Barbara, California, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 14260 Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Dumitru-Claudiu Sergentu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, 93106 Santa Barbara, California, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 14260 Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Lani A. Seaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, 93106 Santa Barbara, California, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 14260 Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, 93106 Santa Barbara, California, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 14260 Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, 93106 Santa Barbara, California, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 14260 Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Trevor W. Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, 93106 Santa Barbara, California, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 14260 Buffalo, New York, United States
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11
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Synthesis and characterization of permethylpentalene titanium aryloxide and alkoxide complexes. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Boyt SM, Jenek NA, Hintermair U. Synthesis of organometallic pentalenide complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5107-5124. [PMID: 30897189 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00689c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While a number of reports have established the unique structures and electronic properties of mono- and dinuclear pentalenide complexes of s, p, d and f block elements, access to these intriguing compounds is restricted by synthetic challenges. Here we review various strategies for the synthesis, functionalisation and (trans)metalation of pentalenide complexes from a practical point of view, pointing out promising avenues for future research that may allow wider access to novel pentalenide complexes for application in many different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Boyt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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13
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Halbach RL, Nocton G, Booth CH, Maron L, Andersen RA. Cerium Tetrakis(tropolonate) and Cerium Tetrakis(acetylacetonate) Are Not Diamagnetic but Temperature-Independent Paramagnets. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:7290-7298. [PMID: 29863340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new synthesis of cerium tetrakis(tropolonate), Ce(trop)4, where trop is deprotonated 2-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatrienone) or Ce(O2C7H5)4, is developed that results in dark-purple crystals whose X-ray crystal structure shows that the geometry of the eight-coordinate compound closely resembles a D2 d dodecahedron, based on shape parameters. The magnetic susceptibility as a function of the temperature (4-300 K) shows that it is a temperature-independent paramagnet, χ = 1.2(3) × 10-4 emu/mol, and the LIII-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectrum shows that the molecule is multiconfigurational, comprised of a f1:f0 configuration mixture in a 50:50 ratio. Ce(acac)4 and Ce(tmtaa)2 (where acac is acetylacetonate and tmtaaH2 is tetramethyldibenzotetraaza[14]annulene) have similar physical properties, as does the solid-state compound CeO2. The concept is advanced that trop-, acac-, tmtaa2-, cot2-, and O2- are redox-active ligands that function as electron donors, rendering the classification of these compounds according to their oxidation numbers misleading because their magnetic susceptibilities, χ, are positive and their effective magnetic moments, μeff, lie in the range of 0.1-0.7 μB at 300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Halbach
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Grégory Nocton
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,LCM, CNRS , Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris Saclay , 91128 Palaiseau , France
| | - Corwin H Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, UMR 5215, CNRS, INSA, UPS , Université de Toulouse , 31000 Toulouse , France
| | - Richard A Andersen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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14
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Anwander R, Dolg M, Edelmann FT. The difficult search for organocerium(iv) compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:6697-6709. [PMID: 28913523 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This Tutorial Review provides an overview of the historic and current development of the organometallic chemistry of cerium in its oxidation state 4+. Among the tetravalent lanthanide ions, only Ce4+ forms stable coordination compounds (e.g. (NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6]). Important fields of applications for cerium(iv) compounds include organic synthesis, bioinorganic chemistry, materials science, and industrial catalysis. In sharp contrast, organometallic cerium(iv) compounds are still exceedingly rare. The history of organocerium(iv) compounds is an exciting story of ups and downs. The so-called cerocene (= bis(η8-cyclooctatetraenyl) cerium) has been known since 1976. Other early reports e.g. about Cp4Ce (Cp = η5-cyclopentadienyl), were later disproven. However, significant progress in this field has been made in recent years through the use of carefully designed ligands and more sophisticated synthesis protocols. Taking the case of organocerium(iv) chemistry, this Tutorial Review also tries to exemplarily show how difficult synthetic and theoretical problems can eventually be solved through newly designed synthesis strategies (e.g. as accomplished for cyclopentadienyl and carbene derivatives) and a rewarding collaboration between synthetic and theoretical chemists (cf. the cerocene problem).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Cloke FGN, Green JC, Kilpatrick AF, O'Hare D. Bonding in pentalene complexes and their recent applications. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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17
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Kilpatrick AFR, Cloke FGN. A base-free synthetic route to anti-bimetallic lanthanide pentalene complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5587-5597. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Homobimetallic complexes of Yb, Eu and Sm bridged by a silylated pentalene ligand have been prepared and intermetallic communication studied by magnetic measurements and cyclic voltammetry.
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18
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Pham TA, Altman AB, Stieber SCE, Booth CH, Kozimor SA, Lukens WW, Olive DT, Tyliszczak T, Wang J, Minasian SG, Raymond KN. A Macrocyclic Chelator That Selectively Binds Ln4+ over Ln3+ by a Factor of 1029. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:9989-10002. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A. Pham
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alison B. Altman
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - S. Chantal E. Stieber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768, United States
| | - Corwin H. Booth
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stosh A. Kozimor
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Wayne W. Lukens
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel T. Olive
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tolek Tyliszczak
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source (CLS), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Stefan G. Minasian
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kenneth N. Raymond
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Mark Chadwick
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Robert T. Cooper
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Dermot O’Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
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20
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Mooßen O, Dolg M. Assigning the Cerium Oxidation State for CH2CeF2 and OCeF2 Based on Multireference Wave Function Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3966-74. [PMID: 27203481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The geometric and electronic structure of the recently experimentally studied molecules ZCeF2 (Z = CH2, O) was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and wave function-based ab initio methods. Special attention was paid to the Ce-Z metal-ligand bonding, especially to the nature of the interaction between the Ce 4f and the Z 2p orbitals and the possible multiconfigurational character arising from it, as well as to the assignment of an oxidation state of Ce reflecting the electronic structure. Complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations were performed, followed by orbital rotations in the active orbital space. The methylene compound CH2CeF2 has an open-shell singlet ground state, which is characterized by a two-configurational wave function in the basis of the strongly mixed natural CASSCF orbitals. The system can also be described in a very compact way by the dominant Ce 4f(1) C 2p(1) configuration, if nearly pure Ce 4f and C 2p orbitals are used. In the basis of these localized orbitals, the molecule is almost monoconfigurational and should be best described as a Ce(III) system. The singlet ground state of the oxygen OCeF2 complex is of closed-shell character when a monoconfigurational wave function with very strongly mixed Ce 4f and O 2p CASSCF natural orbitals is used for the description. The transformation to orbitals localized on the cerium and oxygen atoms leads to a multiconfigurational wave function and reveals characteristics of a mixed valent Ce(IV)/Ce(III) compound. Additionally, the interactions of the localized active orbitals were analyzed by evaluating the expectation values of the charge fluctuation operator and the local spin operator. The Ce 4f and C 2p orbital interaction of the CH2CeF2 compound is weakly covalent and resembles the interaction of the H 1s orbitals in a stretched hydrogen dimer. In contrast, the interaction of the localized active orbitals for OCeF2 shows ionic character. Calculated vibrational Ce-C and Ce-O stretching frequencies at the DFT, CASSCF, second-order Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory (RS2C), multireference configuration interaction (MRCI), as well as single, doubles, and perturbative triples coupled cluster (CCSD(T)) level are reported and compared to experimental infrared absorption data in a Ne and Ar matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Mooßen
- Theoretical Chemistry, University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Dolg
- Theoretical Chemistry, University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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21
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Mooßen O, Dolg M. Multi-reference character and Ce 4 f orbital contributions in terminal multiple Ce Z bonds of Cp 2 CeZ (Z = CH 2 , CH − , NH, O, F + ) complexes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Cerium oxidation state and covalent 4f-orbital contributions in the ground state of bis(η8-pentalene)cerium. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Chadwick FM, O’Hare DM. Half- and Mixed-Sandwich Uranium Permethylpentalene Compounds. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500474h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Mark Chadwick
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Dermot M. O’Hare
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
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24
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Chadwick FM, Cooper RT, Ashley AE, Buffet JC, O’Hare DM. Early Transition Metal Permethylpentalene Complexes for the Polymerization of Ethylene. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5004754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Mark Chadwick
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Robert T. Cooper
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Andrew E. Ashley
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Dermot M. O’Hare
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
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25
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Piro NA, Robinson JR, Walsh PJ, Schelter EJ. The electrochemical behavior of cerium(III/IV) complexes: Thermodynamics, kinetics and applications in synthesis. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Robinson JR, Gordon Z, Booth CH, Carroll PJ, Walsh PJ, Schelter EJ. Tuning Reactivity and Electronic Properties through Ligand Reorganization within a Cerium Heterobimetallic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:19016-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ja410688w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome R. Robinson
- P.
Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zachary Gordon
- P.
Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Corwin H. Booth
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P.
Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- P.
Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P.
Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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27
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Cooper RT, Chadwick FM, Ashley AE, O’Hare D. Synthesis and Characterization of Group 4 Permethylpentalene Dichloride Complexes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Cooper
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA
| | - F. Mark Chadwick
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA
| | - Andrew E. Ashley
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London,
SW7 2AZ
| | - Dermot O’Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA
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28
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Robinson JR, Booth CH, Carroll PJ, Walsh PJ, Schelter EJ. Dimeric Rare-Earth BINOLate Complexes: Activation of 1,4-Benzoquinone through Lewis Acid Promoted Potential Shifts. Chemistry 2013; 19:5996-6004. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Robinson JR, Carroll PJ, Walsh PJ, Schelter EJ. The Impact of Ligand Reorganization on Cerium(III) Oxidation Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10159-63. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Robinson JR, Carroll PJ, Walsh PJ, Schelter EJ. The Impact of Ligand Reorganization on Cerium(III) Oxidation Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Ransom P, Arnold TAQ, Thompson AL, Buffet JC, O'Hare D. Synthesis and characterisation of the ethylene bridged permethylindenyl cerium complex [(EBI*)CeI(THF)]. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:11267-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31439h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Zhao YX, Wu XN, Ma JB, He SG, Ding XL. Characterization and reactivity of oxygen-centred radicals over transition metal oxide clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:1925-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Arnold PL, Turner ZR, Kaltsoyannis N, Pelekanaki P, Bellabarba RM, Tooze RP. Covalency in Ce(IV) and U(IV) halide and N-heterocyclic carbene bonds. Chemistry 2010; 16:9623-9. [PMID: 20658507 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative halogenation with trityl chloride provides convenient access to Ce(IV) and U(IV) chloroamides [M(N{SiMe(3)}(2))(3)Cl] and their N-heterocyclic carbene derivatives, [M(L)(N{SiMe(3)}(2))(2)Cl] (L = OCMe(2)CH(2)(CNCH(2)CH(2)NDipp) Dipp = 2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3)). Computational analysis of the bonding in these and a fluoro analogue, [U(L)(N{SiMe(3)}(2))(2)F], provides new information on the covalency in this relative rare oxidation state for molecular cerium complexes. Computational studies reveal increased Mayer bond orders in the actinide carbene bond compared with the lanthanide carbene bond, and natural and atoms-in-molecules analyses suggest greater overall ionicity in the cerium complexes than in the uranium analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly L Arnold
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK.
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34
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Booth CH, Kazhdan D, Werkema EL, Walter MD, Lukens WW, Bauer ED, Hu YJ, Maron L, Eisenstein O, Head-Gordon M, Andersen RA. Intermediate-valence tautomerism in decamethylytterbocene complexes of methyl-substituted bipyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17537-49. [PMID: 21090709 DOI: 10.1021/ja106902s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiconfigurational, intermediate valent ground states are established in several methyl-substituted bipyridine complexes of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)ytterbium, Cp2*Yb (Me(x)-bipy). In contrast to Cp2*Yb(bipy) and other substituted-bipy complexes, the nature of both the ground state and the first excited state are altered by changing the position of the methyl or dimethyl substitutions on the bipyridine rings. In particular, certain substitutions result in multiconfigurational, intermediate valent open-shell singlet states in both the ground state and the first excited state. These conclusions are reached after consideration of single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), the temperature dependence of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS), and magnetic susceptibility data, and are supported by CASSCF-MP2 calculations. These results place the various Cp2*Yb(bipy) complexes in a new tautomeric class, that is, intermediate-valence tautomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corwin H Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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36
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Chadwick FM, Ashley A, Wildgoose G, Goicoechea JM, Randall S, O'Hare D. Bis(permethylpentalene)uranium. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6789-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00012d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Coles MP, Hitchcock PB, Khvostov AV, Lappert MF, Li Z, Protchenko AV. Crystalline amidocerium(iv) oxides and a side-on bridging dioxygen complex. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6780-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00349b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Wu XN, Zhao YX, Xue W, Wang ZC, He SG, Ding XL. Active sites of stoichiometric cerium oxide cations (CemO2m+) probed by reactions with carbon monoxide and small hydrocarbon molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:3984-97. [DOI: 10.1039/b925294k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Arnold P, Casely I, Zlatogorsky S, Wilson C. Organometallic Cerium Complexes from Tetravalent Coordination Complexes. Helv Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Edelmann FT. Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2007. Coord Chem Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Summerscales OT, Jones SC, Cloke FGN, Hitchcock PB. Anti-Bimetallic Complexes of Divalent Lanthanides with Silylated Pentalene and Cyclooctatetraenyl Bridging Ligands as Molecular Models for Lanthanide-Based Polymers. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900520h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Owen T. Summerscales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Simon C. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - F. Geoffrey N. Cloke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Peter B. Hitchcock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
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Booth CH, Walter MD, Kazhdan D, Hu YJ, Lukens WW, Bauer ED, Maron L, Eisenstein O, Andersen RA. Decamethylytterbocene complexes of bipyridines and diazabutadienes: multiconfigurational ground states and open-shell singlet formation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:6480-91. [PMID: 19385617 DOI: 10.1021/ja809624w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Partial ytterbium f-orbital occupancy (i.e., intermediate valence) and open-shell singlet formation are established for a variety of bipyridine and diazabutadiene adducts with decamethylytterbocene, (C(5)Me(5))(2)Yb, abbreviated as Cp*(2)Yb. Data used to support this claim include ytterbium valence measurements using Yb L(III)-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) multiconfigurational calculations, as well as structural measurements compared to density functional theory calculations. The CASSCF calculations indicate that the intermediate valence is the result of a multiconfigurational ground-state wave function that has both an open-shell singlet f(13)(pi*)(1), where pi* is the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the bipyridine or diazabutadiene ligands, and a closed-shell singlet f(14) component. A number of other competing theories for the unusual magnetism in these materials are ruled out by the lack of temperature dependence of the measured intermediate valence. These results have implications for understanding chemical bonding not only in organolanthanide complexes but also for f-element chemistry in general, as well as understanding magnetic interactions in nanoparticles and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corwin H Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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43
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Kerridge A, Coates R, Kaltsoyannis N. Is Cerocene Really a Ce(III) Compound? All-Electron Spin−Orbit Coupled CASPT2 Calculations on M(η8-C8H8)2 (M = Th, Pa, Ce). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2896-905. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807804w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kerridge
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Rosemary Coates
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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44
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Cruz CA, Emslie DJH, Robertson CM, Harrington LE, Jenkins HA, Britten JF. Cationic Thorium Alkyl Complexes of Rigid NON- and NNN-Donor Ligands: π-Arene Coordination as a Persistent Structural Motif. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om800624t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Craig M. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Laura E. Harrington
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Hilary A. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - James F. Britten
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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45
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Walter MD, Booth CH, Lukens WW, Andersen RA. Cerocene Revisited: The Electronic Structure of and Interconversion Between Ce2(C8H8)3 and Ce(C8H8)2. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om7012327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc D. Walter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Corwin H. Booth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Wayne W. Lukens
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Richard A. Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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