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Wang X, Wang N, Xu B, Wang Y, Lang J, Lu J, Chen G, Zhang H. Comparative Study on Different Modified Preparation Methods of Cellulose Nanocrystalline. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193417. [PMID: 34641232 PMCID: PMC8512115 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Different modification process routes are used to improve the modified cellulose nanocrystalline (MCNC) with higher fatty acid by esterification reaction and graft polymerization to obtain certain hydrophobic properties. Two preparation methods, product structure and surface activity, are compared and explored. Experimental results show that the modified product is still at the nanometer level and basically retains the crystal structure of the raw cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC). The energy consumption of the two preparation methods is low; however, the esterification method with co-reactant requires short reaction time, and the degree of substitution of the product is high. The modified product prepared by grafting polymerization method has a high HLB value and amphiphilicity, which can effectively reduce the surface tension of water. Therefore, it can be used as a green and environmentally friendly surface-active substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (N.W.); (B.X.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Na Wang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (N.W.); (B.X.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Baoming Xu
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (N.W.); (B.X.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yili Wang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (N.W.); (B.X.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinyan Lang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (N.W.); (B.X.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Junliang Lu
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (N.W.); (B.X.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guorong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (N.W.); (B.X.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen 361005, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1595-480-3800
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Thomas B, Raj MC, B AK, H RM, Joy J, Moores A, Drisko GL, Sanchez C. Nanocellulose, a Versatile Green Platform: From Biosources to Materials and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11575-11625. [PMID: 30403346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With increasing environmental and ecological concerns due to the use of petroleum-based chemicals and products, the synthesis of fine chemicals and functional materials from natural resources is of great public value. Nanocellulose may prove to be one of the most promising green materials of modern times due to its intrinsic properties, renewability, and abundance. In this review, we present nanocellulose-based materials from sourcing, synthesis, and surface modification of nanocellulose, to materials formation and applications. Nanocellulose can be sourced from biomass, plants, or bacteria, relying on fairly simple, scalable, and efficient isolation techniques. Mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments, or a combination of these, can be used to extract nanocellulose from natural sources. The properties of nanocellulose are dependent on the source, the isolation technique, and potential subsequent surface transformations. Nanocellulose surface modification techniques are typically used to introduce either charged or hydrophobic moieties, and include amidation, esterification, etherification, silylation, polymerization, urethanization, sulfonation, and phosphorylation. Nanocellulose has excellent strength, high Young's modulus, biocompatibility, and tunable self-assembly, thixotropic, and photonic properties, which are essential for the applications of this material. Nanocellulose participates in the fabrication of a large range of nanomaterials and nanocomposites, including those based on polymers, metals, metal oxides, and carbon. In particular, nanocellulose complements organic-based materials, where it imparts its mechanical properties to the composite. Nanocellulose is a promising material whenever material strength, flexibility, and/or specific nanostructuration are required. Applications include functional paper, optoelectronics, and antibacterial coatings, packaging, mechanically reinforced polymer composites, tissue scaffolds, drug delivery, biosensors, energy storage, catalysis, environmental remediation, and electrochemically controlled separation. Phosphorylated nanocellulose is a particularly interesting material, spanning a surprising set of applications in various dimensions including bone scaffolds, adsorbents, and flame retardants and as a support for the heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Midhun C Raj
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Athira K B
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Rubiyah M H
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Jithin Joy
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India.,International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IIUCNN), Mahatma Gandhi University , 686 560 Kottayam , Kerala , India
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Glenna L Drisko
- CNRS, ICMCB, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5026 , F-33600 Pessac , France
| | - Clément Sanchez
- UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7574 Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France , 11 place, Marcelin Berthelot , F-75005 , Paris , France
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Seidi F, Salimi H, Shamsabadi AA, Shabanian M. Synthesis of hybrid materials using graft copolymerization on non-cellulosic polysaccharides via homogenous ATRP. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Facile synthesis of novel soluble cellulose-grafted hyperbranched polymers as potential natural antimicrobial materials. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1913-1921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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5
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ye D, Yang J. Ion-responsive liquid crystals of cellulose nanowhiskers grafted with acrylamide. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:458-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Tang E, Du K, Feng X, Yuan M, Liu S, Zhao D. Controlled synthesis of cellulose-graft-poly[2-(diethylamino)-ethyl methacrylate] by ATRP in ionic liquid [AMIM]Cl and its pH-responsive property. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Tkacheva NI, Morozov SV, Grigor’ev IA, Mognonov DM, Kolchanov NA. Modification of cellulose as a promising direction in the design of new materials. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090413070063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Kang H, Gao X, Liu R, Huang Y. Synthesis and Properties of Cellulose Graft Copolymers with Well-Defined Architecture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1107.ch006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Kang
- Labortory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Zhongguancun North 1st Street, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Centre of Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing Academy of Sciences and Technology, 27 North-West 3rd Ring Road, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Labortory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Zhongguancun North 1st Street, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Centre of Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing Academy of Sciences and Technology, 27 North-West 3rd Ring Road, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Ruigang Liu
- Labortory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Zhongguancun North 1st Street, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Centre of Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing Academy of Sciences and Technology, 27 North-West 3rd Ring Road, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Labortory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Zhongguancun North 1st Street, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Centre of Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing Academy of Sciences and Technology, 27 North-West 3rd Ring Road, Beijing 100089, China
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11
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Malmström E, Carlmark A. Controlled grafting of cellulose fibres – an outlook beyond paper and cardboard. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00445j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Li S, Xiao M, Zheng A, Xiao H. Cellulose microfibrils grafted with PBA via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for biocomposite reinforcement. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3305-12. [PMID: 21797219 DOI: 10.1021/bm200797a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immobilizing poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) on cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of butyl acrylate (BA) on the surface of 2-bromoisobutyryl-functionalized CMF generated highly hydrophobic microfibrils (CMF-PBA) with a hard core and a soft-shell structure. TGA and static water contact angle results suggested that the surfaces of the modified CMF samples were not completely covered by PBA chains until the molecular weight of grafts became sufficiently long. The GPC results indicated that the grafts with low molecular weight showed controlled/"living" characteristics of the surface-initiated ATRP; however, there existed more side reactions with the increase in molecular weights. Biocomposites consisting of polypropylene (PP) and CMF-PBA samples exhibited significantly improved compatibility, interface adhesion, and mechanical properties with the increase in PBA graft length. The findings confirmed that the longer grafts facilitated the better entanglement of PBA grafts with PP macromolecules and thus further improved the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB Canada
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13
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Morsi SM, Pakzad A, Amin A, Yassar RS, Heiden PA. Chemical and nanomechanical analysis of rice husk modified by ATRP-grafted oligomer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 360:377-85. [PMID: 21565356 PMCID: PMC3863621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rice husk (RH), an abundant agricultural residue, was reacted with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide, to convert it to a heterogeneous polyfunctional macroinitiator for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP). The number of active sites placed on the RH surface was small, but they were ATRP active. Non-polar methyl methacrylate (MMA) and polar acrylonitrile (AN) were polymerized from the RH, and a sequential monomer addition was used to prepare an amphiphilic PMMA-b-PAN copolymer on RH surface. FTIR qualitatively confirmed the grafting. Gravimetric and XPS analysis of the different RH surface compositions indicated thin layers of oligomeric PMMA, PAN, and PMMA-b-PAN. The modified surfaces were mapped by nanomechanical AFM to measure surface roughness, and adhesion and moduli using the Derjaguin-Muller-Toropov model. RH grafted with MMA possessed a roughness value of 7.92, and a hard and weakly adhering surface (13.1 GPa and 16.7 nN respectively) while RH grafted with AN yielded a roughness value of 29 with hardness and adhesion values of 4.0 GPa and 23.5 nN. The PMMA-b-PAN modification afforded a surface with a roughness value of 51.5 nm, with hardness and adhesion values of 3.0 GPa and 75.3 nN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir M Morsi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Ave., Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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Porsch C, Hansson S, Nordgren N, Malmström E. Thermo-responsive cellulose-based architectures: tailoring LCST using poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylates. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00417k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of biomedically interesting HPC-g-PEGMA comb architectures with tunable thermo-responsive behavior, and self-assembling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Porsch
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Susanne Hansson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Niklas Nordgren
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
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15
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Xiao M, Li S, Chanklin W, Zheng A, Xiao H. Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of butyl acrylate on cellulose microfibrils. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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17
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Dupayage L, Nouvel C, Six JL. Protected versus unprotected dextran macroinitiators for ATRP synthesis of Dex-g
-PMMA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Billy M, Da Costa AR, Lochon P, Clément R, Dresch M, Etienne S, Hiver J, David L, Jonquières A. Cellulose acetate graft copolymers with nano-structured architectures: Synthesis and characterization. Eur Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Barbey R, Lavanant L, Paripovic D, Schüwer N, Sugnaux C, Tugulu S, Klok HA. Polymer brushes via surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 2010; 109:5437-527. [PMID: 19845393 DOI: 10.1021/cr900045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1218] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Barbey
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hansson S, Ostmark E, Carlmark A, Malmström E. ARGET ATRP for versatile grafting of cellulose using various monomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:2651-9. [PMID: 20356139 DOI: 10.1021/am900547g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cellulose-based materials have attracted significant attention. To broaden the application areas for cellulose, polymers are often grafted to/from the surface to modify its properties. This study applies ARGET (activators regenerated by electron transfer) ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization) when straightforwardly grafting methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene (St), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) from cellulose in the form of conventional filter paper in the presence of a sacrificial initiator. The free polymer, formed from the free initiator in parallel to the grafting, was characterized by (1)H NMR and SEC, showing that sufficient control is achieved. However, the analyses also indicated that the propagation from the surface cannot be neglected compared to the propagation of the free polymer at higher targeted molecular weights, which is an assumption often made. The grafted filter papers were evaluated with FT-IR, suggesting that the amount of polymer on the surface increased with increasing monomer conversion, which the FE-SEM micrographs of the substrates also demonstrated. Water contact angle (CA) measurements implied that covering layers of PMMA and PS were formed on the cellulose substrate, making the surface hydrophobic, in spite of low DPs. The CA of the PGMA-grafted filter papers revealed that, by utilizing either aprotic or protic solvents when washing the substrates, it was possible to either preserve or hydrolyze the epoxy groups. Independent of the solvent used, all grafted filter papers were essentially colorless after the washing procedure because of the low amount of copper required when performing ARGET ATRP. Nevertheless, surface modification of cellulose via ARGET ATRP truly facilitates the manufacturing since no thorough freeze-thaw degassing procedures are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hansson
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Stockholm, Sweden
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Morandi G, Heath L, Thielemans W. Cellulose nanocrystals grafted with polystyrene chains through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:8280-6. [PMID: 19348498 DOI: 10.1021/la900452a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals grafted by polystyrene chains via surface-initiated ATRP. Naturally occurring cellulose was first hydrolyzed to obtain cellulose nanocrystals. Their surface was then chemically modified using 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide to introduce initiating sites for ATRP. A varying extent of surface modification was achieved by changing reaction conditions. Further initiation of styrene polymerization from these modified nanocrystals with a CuBr/PMDETA (N,N,N',N',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine) catalytic system and in the presence of a sacrificial initiator produced polysaccharide nanocrystals grafted by polystyrene chains. A range of nanocrystals-g-polystyrene with different graft lengths (theoretical polymerization degree = 27-171) was synthesized through this method and characterized by elemental analysis, XPS, FT-IR, TEM, and contact angle measurements. We are thus able to produce cellulose nanoparticles with varying grafting densities (by altering extent of initiator surface modification) and varying polymer brush length (through polymerization control). The nanocrystals-g-polystyrene (NC-g-PS) particles were tested for their capacity to absorb 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene from water. The results obtained show that they can absorb the equivalent of 50% of their weight in pollutant compared to 30 wt % adsorption for nonmodified nanocrystals, while also displaying faster absorption kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Morandi
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Yan C, Zhang J, Lv Y, Yu J, Wu J, Zhang J, He J. Thermoplastic Cellulose-graft-poly(l-lactide) Copolymers Homogeneously Synthesized in an Ionic Liquid with 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Catalyst. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2013-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900447u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghu Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuxia Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiasong He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Nyström D, Lindqvist J, Ostmark E, Antoni P, Carlmark A, Hult A, Malmström E. Superhydrophobic and self-cleaning bio-fiber surfaces via ATRP and subsequent postfunctionalization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:816-823. [PMID: 20356007 DOI: 10.1021/am800235e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic and self-cleaning cellulose surfaces have been obtained via surface-confined grafting of glycidyl methacrylate using atom transfer radical polymerization combined with postmodification reactions. Both linear and branched graft-on-graft architectures were used for the postmodification reactions to obtain highly hydrophobic bio-fiber surfaces by functionalization of the grafts with either poly(dimethylsiloxane), perfluorinated chains, or alkyl chains, respectively. Postfunctionalization using alkyl chains yielded results similar to those of surfaces modified by perfluorination, in terms of superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning properties, and the stability of these properties over time. In addition, highly oleophobic surfaces have been obtained when modification with perfluorinated chains was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nyström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
This review focuses on recent developments in the chemistry of side chain liquid crystal polymers. It concentrates on current trends in synthetic methods and novel, well defined structures, supramolecular arrangements, properties, and applications. The review covers literature published in this century, apart from some areas, such as dendritic and elastomeric systems, which have been recently reviewed.
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Zampano G, Bertoldo M, Bronco S. Poly(ethyl acrylate) surface-initiated ATRP grafting from wood pulp cellulose fibers. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wang Y, Luo Q, Peng B, Pei C. A novel thermotropic liquid crystalline – Benzoylated bacterial cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sui X, Yuan J, Zhou M, Zhang J, Yang H, Yuan W, Wei Y, Pan C. Synthesis of Cellulose-graft-Poly(N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) Copolymers via Homogeneous ATRP and Their Aggregates in Aqueous Media. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2615-20. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800538d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Sui
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and Department of Polymer Science
| | - Jinying Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and Department of Polymer Science
| | - Mi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and Department of Polymer Science
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and Department of Polymer Science
| | - Haijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and Department of Polymer Science
| | - Weizhong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and Department of Polymer Science
| | - Yen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and Department of Polymer Science
| | - Caiyuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics (KLEP), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and Department of Polymer Science
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Xu Q, Yi J, Zhang X, Zhang H. A novel amphotropic polymer based on cellulose nanocrystals grafted with azo polymers. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Lindqvist J, Nyström D, Östmark E, Antoni P, Carlmark A, Johansson M, Hult A, Malmström E. Intelligent Dual-Responsive Cellulose Surfaces via Surface-Initiated ATRP. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2139-45. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800193n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Lindqvist
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nyström
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Östmark
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Antoni
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Carlmark
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Johansson
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hult
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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Östmark E, Nyström D, Malmström E. Unimolecular Nanocontainers Prepared by ROP and Subsequent ATRP from Hydroxypropylcellulose. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702681u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Östmark
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nyström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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