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Van Stappen C, Deng Y, Liu Y, Heidari H, Wang JX, Zhou Y, Ledray AP, Lu Y. Designing Artificial Metalloenzymes by Tuning of the Environment beyond the Primary Coordination Sphere. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11974-12045. [PMID: 35816578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes catalyze a variety of reactions using a limited number of natural amino acids and metallocofactors. Therefore, the environment beyond the primary coordination sphere must play an important role in both conferring and tuning their phenomenal catalytic properties, enabling active sites with otherwise similar primary coordination environments to perform a diverse array of biological functions. However, since the interactions beyond the primary coordination sphere are numerous and weak, it has been difficult to pinpoint structural features responsible for the tuning of activities of native enzymes. Designing artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) offers an excellent basis to elucidate the roles of these interactions and to further develop practical biological catalysts. In this review, we highlight how the secondary coordination spheres of ArMs influence metal binding and catalysis, with particular focus on the use of native protein scaffolds as templates for the design of ArMs by either rational design aided by computational modeling, directed evolution, or a combination of both approaches. In describing successes in designing heme, nonheme Fe, and Cu metalloenzymes, heteronuclear metalloenzymes containing heme, and those ArMs containing other metal centers (including those with non-native metal ions and metallocofactors), we have summarized insights gained on how careful controls of the interactions in the secondary coordination sphere, including hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions, allow the generation and tuning of these respective systems to approach, rival, and, in a few cases, exceed those of native enzymes. We have also provided an outlook on the remaining challenges in the field and future directions that will allow for a deeper understanding of the secondary coordination sphere a deeper understanding of the secondary coordintion sphere to be gained, and in turn to guide the design of a broader and more efficient variety of ArMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Van Stappen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yunling Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hirbod Heidari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jing-Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Aaron P Ledray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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2
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Maity B, Taher M, Mazumdar S, Ueno T. Artificial metalloenzymes based on protein assembly. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Enzymes are predominantly proteins able to effectively and selectively catalyze highly complex biochemical reactions in mild reaction conditions. Nevertheless, they are limited to the arsenal of reactions that have emerged during natural evolution in compliance with their intrinsic nature, three-dimensional structures and dynamics. They optimally work in physiological conditions for a limited range of reactions, and thus exhibit a low tolerance for solvent and temperature conditions. The de novo design of synthetic highly stable enzymes able to catalyze a broad range of chemical reactions in variable conditions is a great challenge, which requires the development of programmable and finely tunable artificial tools. Interestingly, over the last two decades, chemists developed protein secondary structure mimics to achieve some desirable features of proteins, which are able to interfere with the biological processes. Such non-natural oligomers, so called foldamers, can adopt highly stable and predictable architectures and have extensively demonstrated their attractiveness for widespread applications in fields from biomedical to material science. Foldamer science was more recently considered to provide original solutions to the de novo design of artificial enzymes. This review covers recent developments related to peptidomimetic foldamers with catalytic properties and the principles that have guided their design.
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Schwizer F, Okamoto Y, Heinisch T, Gu Y, Pellizzoni MM, Lebrun V, Reuter R, Köhler V, Lewis JC, Ward TR. Artificial Metalloenzymes: Reaction Scope and Optimization Strategies. Chem Rev 2017; 118:142-231. [PMID: 28714313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of a synthetic, catalytically competent metallocofactor into a protein scaffold to generate an artificial metalloenzyme (ArM) has been explored since the late 1970's. Progress in the ensuing years was limited by the tools available for both organometallic synthesis and protein engineering. Advances in both of these areas, combined with increased appreciation of the potential benefits of combining attractive features of both homogeneous catalysis and enzymatic catalysis, led to a resurgence of interest in ArMs starting in the early 2000's. Perhaps the most intriguing of potential ArM properties is their ability to endow homogeneous catalysts with a genetic memory. Indeed, incorporating a homogeneous catalyst into a genetically encoded scaffold offers the opportunity to improve ArM performance by directed evolution. This capability could, in turn, lead to improvements in ArM efficiency similar to those obtained for natural enzymes, providing systems suitable for practical applications and greater insight into the role of second coordination sphere interactions in organometallic catalysis. Since its renaissance in the early 2000's, different aspects of artificial metalloenzymes have been extensively reviewed and highlighted. Our intent is to provide a comprehensive overview of all work in the field up to December 2016, organized according to reaction class. Because of the wide range of non-natural reactions catalyzed by ArMs, this was done using a functional-group transformation classification. The review begins with a summary of the proteins and the anchoring strategies used to date for the creation of ArMs, followed by a historical perspective. Then follows a summary of the reactions catalyzed by ArMs and a concluding critical outlook. This analysis allows for comparison of similar reactions catalyzed by ArMs constructed using different metallocofactor anchoring strategies, cofactors, protein scaffolds, and mutagenesis strategies. These data will be used to construct a searchable Web site on ArMs that will be updated regularly by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schwizer
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yasunori Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tillmann Heinisch
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yifan Gu
- Searle Chemistry Laboratory, University of Chicago , 5735 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michela M Pellizzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Lebrun
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Reuter
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Köhler
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Searle Chemistry Laboratory, University of Chicago , 5735 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Pellizzoni M, Facchetti G, Gandolfi R, Fusè M, Contini A, Rimoldi I. Evaluation of Chemical Diversity of Biotinylated Chiral 1,3-Diamines as a Catalytic Moiety in Artificial Imine Reductase. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pellizzoni
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Spitalstrasse 51 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Facchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Raffaella Gandolfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Marco Fusè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alessandro Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Isabella Rimoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
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Sugrue E, Hartley CJ, Scott C, Jackson CJ. The Evolution of New Catalytic Mechanisms for Xenobiotic Hydrolysis in Bacterial Metalloenzymes. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of bacterial metalloenzymes have been shown to catalyse the breakdown of xenobiotics in the environment, while others exhibit a variety of promiscuous xenobiotic-degrading activities. Several different evolutionary processes have allowed these enzymes to gain or enhance xenobiotic-degrading activity. In this review, we have surveyed the range of xenobiotic-degrading metalloenzymes, and discuss the molecular and catalytic basis for the development of new activities. We also highlight how our increased understanding of the natural evolution of xenobiotic-degrading metalloenzymes can be been applied to laboratory enzyme design.
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Fogen D, Wu SC, Ng KKS, Wong SL. Engineering Streptavidin and a Streptavidin-Binding Peptide with Infinite Binding Affinity and Reversible Binding Capability: Purification of a Tagged Recombinant Protein to High Purity via Affinity-Driven Thiol Coupling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139137. [PMID: 26406477 PMCID: PMC4583386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To extend and improve the utility of the streptavidin-binding peptide tag (SBP-tag) in applications ranging from affinity purification to the reversible immobilization of recombinant proteins, a cysteine residue was introduced to the streptavidin mutein SAVSBPM18 and the SBP-tag to generate SAVSBPM32 and SBP(A18C), respectively. This pair of derivatives is capable of forming a disulfide bond through the newly introduced cysteine residues. SAVSBPM32 binds SBP-tag and biotin with binding affinities (Kd ~ 10-8M) that are similar to SAVSBPM18. Although SBP(A18C) binds to SAVSBPM32 more weakly than SBP-tag, the binding affinity is sufficient to bring the two binding partners together efficiently before they are locked together via disulfide bond formation–a phenomenon we have named affinity-driven thiol coupling. Under the condition with SBP(A18C) tags in excess, two SBP(A18C) tags can be captured by a tetrameric SAVSBPM32. The stoichiometry of the disulfide-bonded SAVSBPM32-SBP(A18C) complex was determined using a novel two-dimensional electrophoresis method which has general applications for analyzing the composition of disulfide-bonded protein complexes. To illustrate the application of this reversible immobilization technology, optimized conditions were established to use the SAVSBPM32-affinity matrix for the purification of a SBP(A18C)-tagged reporter protein to high purity. Furthermore, we show that the SAVSBPM32-affinity matrix can also be applied to purify a biotinylated protein and a reporter protein tagged with the unmodified SBP-tag. The dual (covalent and non-covalent) binding modes possible in this system offer great flexibility to many different applications which need reversible immobilization capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawson Fogen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sau-Ching Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kenneth Kai-Sing Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sui-Lam Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Basauri-Molina M, Verhoeven DGA, van Schaik AJ, Kleijn H, Klein Gebbink RJM. Ring-Closing and Cross-Metathesis with Artificial Metalloenzymes Created by Covalent Active Site-Directed Hybridization of a Lipase. Chemistry 2015; 21:15676-85. [PMID: 26346291 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of Grubbs-type catalysts that contain lipase-inhibiting phosphoester functionalities have been synthesized and reacted with the lipase cutinase, which leads to artificial metalloenzymes for olefin metathesis. The resulting hybrids comprise the organometallic fragment that is covalently bound to the active amino acid residue of the enzyme host in an orthogonal orientation. Differences in reactivity as well as accessibility of the active site by the functionalized inhibitor became evident through variation of the anchoring motif and substituents on the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. Such observations led to the design of a hybrid that is active in the ring-closing metathesis and the cross-metathesis of N,N-diallyl-p-toluenesulfonamide and allylbenzene, respectively, the latter being the first example of its kind in the field of artificial metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Basauri-Molina
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584CG (The Netherlands)
| | - Dide G A Verhoeven
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584CG (The Netherlands)
| | - Arnoldus J van Schaik
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584CG (The Netherlands)
| | - Henk Kleijn
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584CG (The Netherlands)
| | - Robertus J M Klein Gebbink
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584CG (The Netherlands).
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10
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Pàmies O, Diéguez M, Bäckvall JE. Artificial Metalloenzymes in Asymmetric Catalysis: Key Developments and Future Directions. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Haber A, Gross Z. Catalytic antioxidant therapy by metallodrugs: lessons from metallocorroles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5812-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a perspective on the utility of metal-based catalytic antioxidants for disease prevention or treatment, with focus on their mode of action and its dependence (DCA) or independence (ICA) on the involvement of cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Haber
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Technion City
- Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Technion City
- Israel
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12
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Doble MV, Ward AC, Deuss PJ, Jarvis AG, Kamer PC. Catalyst design in oxidation chemistry; from KMnO4 to artificial metalloenzymes. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5657-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of (η5:η1-C5Me4(CH2)2NMe2)Re(CO)2. Electron transfer behavior of a nitrosyl derivative. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Zhang C, Srivastava P, Ellis-Guardiola K, Lewis JC. Manganese terpyridine artificial metalloenzymes for benzylic oxygenation and olefin epoxidation. Tetrahedron 2014; 70:4245-4249. [PMID: 24904188 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
New catalysts for non-directed hydrocarbon functionalization have great potential in organic synthesis. We hypothesized that incorporating a Mn-terpyridine cofactor into a protein scaffold would lead to artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) in which the selectivity of the Mn cofactor could be controlled by the protein scaffold. We designed and synthesized a maleimide-substituted Mn-terpyridine cofactor and demonstrated that this cofactor could be incorporated into two different scaffold proteins to generate the desired ArMs. The structure and reactivity of one of these ArMs was explored, and the broad oxygenation capability of the Mn-terpyridine catalyst was maintained, providing a robust platform for optimization of ArMs for selective hydrocarbon functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 (USA)
| | - Poonam Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 (USA)
| | - Ken Ellis-Guardiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 (USA)
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 (USA)
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Fukumoto K, Onoda A, Mizohata E, Bocola M, Inoue T, Schwaneberg U, Hayashi T. Rhodium-Complex-Linked Hybrid Biocatalyst: Stereo-Controlled Phenylacetylene Polymerization within an Engineered Protein Cavity. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201301055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Genz M, Köhler V, Krauss M, Singer D, Hoffmann R, Ward TR, Sträter N. An Artificial Imine Reductase based on the Ribonuclease S Scaffold. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Raynal M, Ballester P, Vidal-Ferran A, van Leeuwen PWNM. Supramolecular catalysis. Part 2: artificial enzyme mimics. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:1734-87. [PMID: 24365792 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 665] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The design of artificial catalysts able to compete with the catalytic proficiency of enzymes is an intense subject of research. Non-covalent interactions are thought to be involved in several properties of enzymatic catalysis, notably (i) the confinement of the substrates and the active site within a catalytic pocket, (ii) the creation of a hydrophobic pocket in water, (iii) self-replication properties and (iv) allosteric properties. The origins of the enhanced rates and high catalytic selectivities associated with these properties are still a matter of debate. Stabilisation of the transition state and favourable conformations of the active site and the product(s) are probably part of the answer. We present here artificial catalysts and biomacromolecule hybrid catalysts which constitute good models towards the development of truly competitive artificial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Raynal
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared C. Lewis
- Searle
Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Fujieda N, Hasegawa A, Ishihama KI, Itoh S. Artificial Dicopper Oxidase: Rational Reprogramming of Bacterial Metallo-β-lactamase into a Catechol Oxidase. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1203-7. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Creus M, Ward TR. Design and Evolution of Artificial Metalloenzymes: Biomimetic Aspects. PROGRESS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118148235.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Burkavidin: A novel secreted biotin-binding protein from the human pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 77:131-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Deuss PJ, den Heeten R, Laan W, Kamer PCJ. Bioinspired Catalyst Design and Artificial Metalloenzymes. Chemistry 2011; 17:4680-98. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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de Gonzalo G, Smit C, Jin J, Minnaard AJ, Fraaije MW. Turning a riboflavin-binding protein into a self-sufficient monooxygenase by cofactor redesign. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11050-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Brustad EM, Arnold FH. Optimizing non-natural protein function with directed evolution. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2010; 15:201-10. [PMID: 21185770 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing technologies such as unnatural amino acid mutagenesis, non-natural cofactor engineering, and computational design are generating proteins with novel functions; these proteins, however, often do not reach performance targets and would benefit from further optimization. Evolutionary methods can complement these approaches: recent work combining unnatural amino acid mutagenesis and phage selection has created useful proteins of novel composition. Weak initial activity in a computationally designed enzyme has been improved by iterative rounds of mutagenesis and screening. A marriage of ingenuity and evolution will expand the scope of protein function well beyond Mother Nature's designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Brustad
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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27
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Wojaczyńska E, Wojaczyński J. Enantioselective synthesis of sulfoxides: 2000-2009. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4303-56. [PMID: 20415478 DOI: 10.1021/cr900147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Wojaczyńska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspiańskiego 27, 50 370 Wrocław, Poland.
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28
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Leitgeb S, Nidetzky B. Enzyme catalytic promiscuity: the nonheme Fe2+ center of beta-diketone-cleaving dioxygenase Dke1 promotes hydrolysis of activated esters. Chembiochem 2010; 11:502-5. [PMID: 20112320 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Leitgeb
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
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29
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Sambasivan R, Ball ZT. Metallopeptides for Asymmetric Dirhodium Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:9289-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja103747h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Sambasivan
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS 60, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas
| | - Zachary T. Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS 60, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas
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30
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Popp BV, Ball ZT. Structure-Selective Modification of Aromatic Side Chains with Dirhodium Metallopeptide Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6660-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101456c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian V. Popp
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS 60, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Zachary T. Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS 60, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77251
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31
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Wang X, Zhu J, Smithrud DB. Synthesis and Investigation of Host-[2]Rotaxanes That Bind Metal Cations. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3358-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100330e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - David B. Smithrud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221
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Pordea A, Creus M, Letondor C, Ivanova A, Ward T. Improving the enantioselectivity of artificial transfer hydrogenases based on the biotin–streptavidin technology by combinations of point mutations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhang JL, Garner DK, Liang L, Barrios DA, Lu Y. Noncovalent modulation of pH-dependent reactivity of a Mn-salen cofactor in myoglobin with hydrogen peroxide. Chemistry 2009; 15:7481-9. [PMID: 19557774 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To demonstrate protein modulation of metal-cofactor reactivity through noncovalent interactions, pH-dependent sulfoxidation and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) oxidation reactivity of a designed myoglobin (Mb) containing non-native Mn-salen complex (1) was investigated using H2O2 as the oxidant. Incorporation of 1 inside the Mb resulted in an increase in the turnover numbers through exclusion of water from the metal complex and prevention of Mn-salen dimer formation. Interestingly, the presence of protein in itself is not enough to confer the increase activity as mutation of the distal His64 in Mb to Phe to remove hydrogen-bonding interactions resulted in no increase in the turnover numbers, while mutation His64 to Arg, another residue with ability to hydrogen-bond interactions, resulted in an increase in reactivity. These results strongly suggest that the distal ligand His64, through its hydrogen-bonding interaction, plays important roles in enhancing and fine-tuning reactivity of the Mn-salen complex. Nonlinear least-squares fitting of rate versus pH plots demonstrates that 1.Mb(H64X) (X=H, R and F) and the control Mn-salen 1 exhibit pKa values varying from pH 6.4 to 8.3, and that the lower pKa of the distal ligand in 1.Mb(H64X), the higher the reactivity it achieves. Moreover, in addition to the pKa at high pH, 1.Mb displays another pKa at low pH, with pKa of 5.0+/-0.08. A comparison of the effect of different pH on sulfoxidation and ABTS oxidation indicates that, while the intermediate produced at low pH conditions could only perform sulfoxidation, the intermediate at high pH could oxidize both sulfoxides and ABTS. Such a fine-control of reactivity through hydrogen-bonding interactions by the distal ligand to bind, orient and activate H2O2 is very important for designing artificial enzymes with dramatic different and tunable reactivity from catalysts without protein scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Synthesis of Heteromacrocycles as Ligands of a Palladium-Artificial Enzyme and Crystal Structure. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.7.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Reiner T, Jantke D, Raba A, Marziale AN, Eppinger J. Side chain functionalized η5-tetramethyl cyclopentadienyl complexes of Rh and Ir with a pendant primary amine group. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Artificial Metalloenzymes for Enantioselective Catalysis Based on the Biotin–Avidin Technology. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-87757-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Haquette P, Talbi B, Canaguier S, Dagorne S, Fosse C, Martel A, Jaouen G, Salmain M. Functionalized cationic (η6-arene)ruthenium(II) complexes for site-specific and covalent anchoring to papain from papaya latex. Synthesis, X-ray structures and reactivity studies. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Reetz MT, Rentzsch M, Pletsch A, Taglieber A, Hollmann F, Mondière RJG, Dickmann N, Höcker B, Cerrone S, Haeger MC, Sterner R. A Robust Protein Host for Anchoring Chelating Ligands and Organocatalysts. Chembiochem 2008; 9:552-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pierron J, Malan C, Creus M, Gradinaru J, Hafner I, Ivanova A, Sardo A, Ward T. Artificial Metalloenzymes for Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation on the Basis of the Biotin–Avidin Technology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pierron J, Malan C, Creus M, Gradinaru J, Hafner I, Ivanova A, Sardo A, Ward T. Artificial Metalloenzymes for Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation on the Basis of the Biotin–Avidin Technology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:701-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pordea A, Ward TR. Chemogenetic protein engineering: an efficient tool for the optimization of artificial metalloenzymes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:4239-49. [DOI: 10.1039/b806652c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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