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Hoffmann N. Heterocyclic Compounds in Enantioselective Photochemical Reactions. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2
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Enantioselective synthesis of heterocyclic compounds using photochemical reactions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1657-1674. [PMID: 34822126 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Different methods for the direct enantioselective photochemical synthesis of heterocycles are presented. Currently, asymmetric catalysis with templates involving hydrogen bonds or metal complexes is intensively investigated. Enzyme catalysis can be simplified under photochemical conditions. For example, in multi enzyme systems, one or more enzyme catalytic steps can be replaced by simple photochemical reactions. Chiral induction in photochemical reactions performed with homochiral crystals is highly efficient. Such reactions can also be carried out with crystalline inclusion complexes. Inclusion of a photochemical substrate and an enantiopure compound in zeolites also leads to enantioselective compounds. In all these methods, the conformational mobility of the photochemical substrates is reduced or controlled. Memory of chirality is a particular case in which a chiral information is temporally lost but the rigid conformations stabilize the molecular structure which leads to the formation of enantiopure compounds. Such studies allows a profound understanding on how particular conformations determine the configuration of the final products.Graphical abstract.
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Lipid analogs reveal features critical for hemolysis and diminish granadaene mediated Group B Streptococcus infection. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1502. [PMID: 32198389 PMCID: PMC7083881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although certain microbial lipids are toxins, the structural features important for cytotoxicity remain unknown. Increased functional understanding is essential for developing therapeutics against toxic microbial lipids. Group B Streptococci (GBS) are bacteria associated with preterm births, stillbirths, and severe infections in neonates and adults. GBS produce a pigmented, cytotoxic lipid, known as granadaene. Despite its importance to all manifestations of GBS disease, studies towards understanding granadaene’s toxic activity are hindered by its instability and insolubility in purified form. Here, we report the synthesis and screening of lipid derivatives inspired by granadaene, which reveal features central to toxin function, namely the polyene chain length. Furthermore, we show that vaccination with a non-toxic synthetic analog confers the production of antibodies that inhibit granadaene-mediated hemolysis ex vivo and diminish GBS infection in vivo. This work provides unique structural and functional insight into granadaene and a strategy to mitigate GBS infection, which will be relevant to other toxic lipids encoded by human pathogens. Granadaene, produced by Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a long polyene lipid involved in cellular toxicity and hemolytic activity. Here, the authors synthesize and characterize granadaene-like compounds and show that a non-toxic analog diminishes GBS infection in mice when incorporated into a vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah C. Coote
- Department of Chemistry; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
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Achiral Zeolites as Reaction Media for Chiral Photochemistry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193570. [PMID: 31581744 PMCID: PMC6804131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining enantiomerically-enriched photoproducts from achiral reactants has been a long-sought goal. The various methods developed to achieve chiral induction in photoproducts during the last fifty years still suffer from a lack of predictability, generality, and simplicity. With the current emphasis on green chemistry, obtaining enantiomerically enriched products via photochemistry is a likely viable alternative for the future. Of the various approaches developed during the last three decades, the one pioneered in the author's laboratory involved the use of commercially-available and inexpensive achiral zeolites as the media. This approach does not use any solvent for the reaction. Examples from these studies are highlighted in this article. Since no chiral zeolites were available, when the work was initiated in the author's laboratory, commercially-available zeolites X and Y were modified with chiral inductors so that the reaction space becomes chiral. The results obtained established the value of chirally-modified, commercial zeolites as media for achieving chiral induction in photochemical reactions. A recent report of the synthesis of a chiral zeolite is likely to stimulate zeolite-based chiral photochemistry in synthesizing enantiomerically-pure organic molecules. The availability of chiral zeolites in future is likely to energize research in this area. Our earlier observations on this topic, we believe, would be valuable for progress of the field. Keeping this in mind, I have summarized the work carried out in our laboratory on chiral photochemistry on chirally-modified zeolites. This review does not include examples where high chiral induction has been obtained via a strategy that examines molecules appended with chiral auxiliary within achiral and chirally-modified zeolites. The latter approach yields products with diastereomeric excess >80%.
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Jin Y, Cao Y, Fang G, Ruan F, Ke Q. Micropores Induced Stereoselective Synthesis of E‐imines: Synergistic Effect between Cerium Species and Micropores in CeAlPO‐5 Molecular Sieves. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangxin Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnhui University of Technology Maanshan Anhui 243002 P.R. China
| | - Yali Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnhui University of Technology Maanshan Anhui 243002 P.R. China
| | - Guoyong Fang
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 P.R. China
| | - Fei Ruan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnhui University of Technology Maanshan Anhui 243002 P.R. China
| | - Qingping Ke
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnhui University of Technology Maanshan Anhui 243002 P.R. China
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An SQ, Murtagh J, Twomey KB, Gupta MK, O'Sullivan TP, Ingram R, Valvano MA, Tang JL. Modulation of antibiotic sensitivity and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by interspecies signal analogues. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2334. [PMID: 31133642 PMCID: PMC6536496 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a significant opportunistic pathogen, can participate in inter-species communication through signaling by cis-2-unsaturated fatty acids of the diffusible signal factor (DSF) family. Sensing these signals leads to altered biofilm formation and increased tolerance to various antibiotics, and requires the histidine kinase PA1396. Here, we show that the membrane-associated sensory input domain of PA1396 has five transmembrane helices, two of which are required for DSF sensing. DSF binding is associated with enhanced auto-phosphorylation of PA1396 incorporated into liposomes. Further, we examined the ability of synthetic DSF analogues to modulate or inhibit PA1396 activity. Several of these analogues block the ability of DSF to trigger auto-phosphorylation and gene expression, whereas others act as inverse agonists reducing biofilm formation and antibiotic tolerance, both in vitro and in murine infection models. These analogues may thus represent lead compounds to develop novel adjuvants improving the efficacy of existing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi An
- National Biofilms Innovation Centers, Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Julie Murtagh
- School of Microbiology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12, Ireland
| | - Kate B Twomey
- School of Microbiology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12, Ireland
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, T12, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123029, Haryana, India
| | - Timothy P O'Sullivan
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, T12, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, T12, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Ingram
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Miguel A Valvano
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Ji-Liang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Abstract
Abstract
This review summarizes results in the field of hydrogen-bond templated enantioselective photochemistry. It covers both the stoichemiometric use of templates derived from Kemp’s triacid as well as photocatalytic methods to achieve high enantioselectivities in photochemical processes.
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Hao X, Xu Z, Lu H, Dai X, Yang T, Lin X, Ren F. Mild and Regioselective N-Alkylation of 2-Pyridones in Water. Org Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhongmiao Xu
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongfu Lu
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuedong Dai
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xichen Lin
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
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Ramamurthy V, Mondal B. Supramolecular photochemistry concepts highlighted with select examples. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Supramolecular photochirogenesis is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary area of science at the boundary of photochemistry, asymmetric synthesis and supramolecular chemistry. The major advantage of supramolecular photochirogenesis over the conventional molecular one is entropic in origin, being achieved by preorganizing substrate(s) in the ground state and manipulating subsequent photochemical transformation by weak but non-transient interactions in chiral supramolecular media. The chirality transfer often becomes more efficient through the cooperative non-covalent interactions and the confinement by host in both ground and excited states. Thus, all of the ground- and excited-state events, including complexation stoichiometry and affinity, chiroptical properties, photophysical behaviour and photochemical reactivity, jointly play pivotal roles in supramolecular photochirogenesis. This may appear to cause complication but in reality expands the range of manipulable factors and available experimental/theoretical tools for elucidating the mechanism and controlling photochirogenic processes both thermodynamically and kinetically, from which some new concepts/methodologies unique to supramolecular photochemistry, such as non-sensitizing catalytic photochirogenesis and wavelength-controlled photochirogenesis, have already been developed. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress and future perspective of supramolecular photochirogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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Dubbeldam D, Calero S, Vlugt TJ. Exploring new methods and materials for enantioselective separations and catalysis. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2013.829225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Müller C, Bauer A, Maturi MM, Cuquerella MC, Miranda MA, Bach T. Enantioselective Intramolecular [2 + 2]-Photocycloaddition Reactions of 4-Substituted Quinolones Catalyzed by a Chiral Sensitizer with a Hydrogen-Bonding Motif. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16689-97. [PMID: 21955005 DOI: 10.1021/ja207480q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Müller
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Mark M. Maturi
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - M. Consuelo Cuquerella
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Yuan Z, Chen J, Zeng Y, Li YY, Han Y, Li Y. Unsurpassed cage effect for the photolysis of dibenzyl ketones in water-soluble dendrimers. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6256-64. [PMID: 21789328 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05244f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P R China
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Bando K, Zako T, Sakono M, Maeda M, Wada T, Nishijima M, Fukuhara G, Yang C, Mori T, Pace TCS, Bohne C, Inoue Y. Bio-supramolecular photochirogenesis with molecular chaperone: enantiodifferentiating photocyclodimerization of 2-anthracenecarboxylate mediated by prefoldin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:655-60. [DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00186g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Fukuhara G, Mori T, Inoue Y. Competitive Enantiodifferentiating Anti-Markovnikov Photoaddition of Water and Methanol to 1,1-Diphenylpropene Using A Sensitizing Cyclodextrin Host. J Org Chem 2009; 74:6714-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9012628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Fukuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, 2-1Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, 2-1Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, 2-1Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Sundaresan AK, Gibb CLD, Gibb BC, Ramamurthy V. Chiral Photochemistry in a Confined Space: Torquoselective Photoelectrocyclization of Pyridones within an Achiral Hydrophobic Capsule. Tetrahedron 2009; 65:7277-7288. [PMID: 21037975 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chiral induction during the photoelectrocyclization of pyridones included within octa acid (OA) capsule has been established. Chiral induction is brought about by a chiral auxiliary appended to the reactive pyridone moiety. Importantly, the same chiral auxiliary while ineffective in acetonitrile solution is found to be effective within the confined space of OA capsule. The diastereomeric excess of 92% obtained here is comparable only to that in solid state. OA capsule, we believe, provides restriction to the rotational motions of the reactant pyridone and chiral auxiliary and thus places the chiral auxiliary in a selective conformation with respect to the reactive pyridone part. A correlation between the position of the methyl group on the pyridone ring and diastereoselectivity was noted. Structures of the host-guest complexes were examined by (1)H NMR and the data was used to obtain preliminary information concerning the mechanism of chiral induction within the confined spaces of OA capsule.
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Sadhu PS, Ravinder M, Kumar PA, Rao VJ. Photochemical dehydrogenation of 3,4-dihydro-2-pyridones. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:513-5. [PMID: 19337665 DOI: 10.1039/b813921k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical dehydrogenation of various substituted 3,4-dihydro-2-pyridones was achieved in a very efficient way by employing 10-15 mol% of photo-induced electron transfer sensitizers like 9-cyanoanthracene, 9-cyanophenanthrene and 1-cyanonaphthalene in presence of molecular oxygen, for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Sarathi Sadhu
- Organic Chemistry Division II, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500607, India
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Kim K, Banerjee M, Yoon M, Das S. Chiral Metal-Organic Porous Materials: Synthetic Strategies and Applications in Chiral Separation and Catalysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2009; 293:115-53. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2009_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Arumugam S. Nafion as an efficient reaction medium for diastereoselective photochemical reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fukuhara G, Klärner FG, Mori T, Wada T, Inoue Y. Supramolecular complexation and photochirogenesis with inherently chiral molecular clip: enantiodifferentiating photoisomerization of (Z,Z)-1,3-cyclooctadiene and polar photoaddition to 1,1-diphenylpropene. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:1493-500. [DOI: 10.1039/b812186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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