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Yasui M, Tamiaki H. Supramolecular chirality in self-assembly of zinc protobacteriochlorophyll-d analogs possessing enantiomeric esterifying groups. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:421-434. [PMID: 38265754 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Zinc 3-hydroxymethyl-pyroprotopheophorbides-a esterified with a chiral secondary alcohol at the 17-propionate residue were prepared as bacteriochlorophyll-d analogs. The synthetic zinc 31-hydroxy-131-oxo-porphyrins self-aggregated in an aqueous Triton X-100 micellar solution to give red-shifted and broadened Soret and Qy absorption bands in comparison with their monomeric bands. The intense, exciton-coupled circular dichroism spectra of their self-aggregates were dependent on the chirality of the esterifying groups. The observation indicated that the self-aggregates based on the J-type stacking of the porphyrin cores were sensitive to the peripheral 17-propionate residues. The supramolecular structures of the present J-aggregates as models of bacteriochlorophyll aggregates in natural chlorosomes were remotely regulated by the esterifying groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Yasui
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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2
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Tashiro K, Saito T, Arima H, Suda N, Vedhanarayanan B, Yagai S. Scissor-Shaped Photochromic Dyads: Hierarchical Self-Assembly and Photoresponsive Property. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100252. [PMID: 34669237 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Unique relationships between hierarchically organized biological nanostructures and functions have motivated chemists to construct sophisticated artificial nanostructured systems from small and simple synthetic molecules through self-assembly. As one of such sophisticated systems, we have investigated scissor-shaped photochromic dyads that can hierarchically self-assemble into discrete nanostructures showing photoresponsive properties. We synthesized various azobenzene dyads and found that these dyads adopt intramolecularly folded conformation like a closed scissor, and then self-assemble into toroidal nanostructures by generating curvature. The toroids further organize into nanotubes and further into helical supramolecular fibers depending on the nature of alkyl substituents. All of these nanostructures can be dissociated and reorganized through the photoisomerization of azobenzene units. On the other hand, the introduction of stilbene chromophores instead of azobenzenes leads to one-dimensional supramolecular polymerization, which upon the intramolecular photocyclization of stilbene chromophores shifts to curved self-assembly leading to helicoidal fibers with distinct supramolecular chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Tashiro
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR), Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takuho Saito
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hironari Arima
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Natsuki Suda
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Balaraman Vedhanarayanan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR), Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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3
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Krishna KV, Saha RN, Puri A, Viard M, Shapiro BA, Dubey SK. Pre-clinical compartmental pharmacokinetic modeling of 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) as a photosensitizer in rat plasma by validated HPLC method. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1056-1063. [PMID: 30608096 PMCID: PMC8283519 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00339d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A second-generation chlorin-based photosensitizer, 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) has shown tremendous therapeutic potential in clinical trials in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Herein, we have developed and validated a bioanalytical method for estimation of HPPH in rat plasma using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a photo diode array (PDA) detector. The method was applied for carrying out pharmacokinetic study of HPPH. Further pharmacokinetic modeling was carried out to understand the compartment kinetics of HPPH. The developed method was fully validated as per the United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. The linearity of the method was in the range of 250-8000 ng mL-1, and the plasma recovery was found to be 70%. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated and compared via non-compartment analysis and compartment modeling after the intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration in rats using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.0 (Certara™, USA). From the obtained results, we hypothesize that the HPPH complies with two compartmental pharmacokinetic model. Furthermore, it was observed that HPPH has the rapid distribution from the central compartment to peripheral compartment along with slow elimination from peripheral compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
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Cui Y, Ogasawara S, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of chlorophyll-a derivatives possessing various amides as potential sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
3[Formula: see text]-Carboxy-pyropheophorbides-[Formula: see text] possessing a variety of [Formula: see text]-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 17[Formula: see text]-position were prepared by modifying naturally occurring chlorophyll-[Formula: see text]. 3[Formula: see text]-Methoxycarbonyl-pyropheophorbide-[Formula: see text] was obtained via the protection of the 17[Formula: see text]-carboxy group with an allyl group, and amidated with various primary and secondary amines at the free 17-propionate residue, followed by the acidic hydrolysis of the methyl ester in the 3-substituent to give the desired pyropheophorbide-[Formula: see text] secondary and tertiary amides, respectively, bearing the trans-3[Formula: see text]-COOH. The synthetic pigments potentially usable for dye-sensitized solar cells gave almost the same optical properties in a solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Cui
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shin Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Saga Y, Yamashita H, Hirota K. Introduction of perfluoroalkyl chain into the esterifying moiety of bacteriochlorophyll c in the green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum by pigment biosynthesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4165-4170. [PMID: 27427396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobaculum (Cba.) tepidum was grown in liquid cultures containing perfluoro-1-decanol, 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluoro-1-decanol [CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2OH] or 1H,1H-nonadecafluoro-1-decanol [CF3(CF2)8CH2OH], to introduce rigid and fluorophilic chains into the esterifying moiety of light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c. Exogenous 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluoro-1-decanol was successfully attached to the 17(2)-carboxy group of bacteriochlorophyllide (BChlide) c in vivo: the relative ratio of the unnatural BChl c esterified with this perfluoroalcohol over the total BChl c was 10.3%. Heat treatment of the liquid medium containing 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluoro-1-decanol with β-cyclodextrin before inoculation increased the relative ratio of the BChl c derivative esterified with this alcohol in the total BChl c in Cba. tepidum. In a while, 1H,1H-nonadecafluoro-1-decanol was not attached to BChlide c in Cba. tepidum, which was grown by its supplementation. These results suggest that the rigidity close to the hydroxy group of the esterifying alcohol is not suitable for the recognition by the BChl c synthase called BchK in Cba. tepidum. The unnatural BChl c esterified with 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluoro-1-decanol participated in BChl c self-aggregates in chlorosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Hayato Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Keiya Hirota
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Nishimori R, Tamiaki H, Kashimura S, Saga Y. In vitro self-assembly of bacteriochlorophyll c derivatives monoesterified with α,ω-diols isolated from the green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. Supramol Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2014.904515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Risato Nishimori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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7
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Nishimori R, Sakamoto A, Tamiaki H, Kashimura S, Saga Y. Self-assembly of zinc chlorophyll derivatives possessing a pyrenyl group at the 17-propionate residue and effects of additional γ-cyclodextrins on their optical properties. Supramol Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2013.868894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Risato Nishimori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Aimi Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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8
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Yi WB, Ma JJ, Jiang LQ, Cai C, Zhang W. Synthesis and uses of fluorous and highly fluorinated macrocyclic and spherical molecules. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Takahashi N, Tamiaki H, Saga Y. Synthesis and self-assembly of amphiphilic zinc chlorophyll derivatives possessing a crown ether at the 17-propionate residue. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Takahashi N, Shoji S, Tamiaki H, Saga Y. Self-Assembly of Zinc BacteriochlorophylldDerivative Possessing a Triethoxysilyl Group at the 17-Propionate Residue. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Sunao Shoji
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
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11
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Tamiaki H, Machida S, Mizutani K. Modification of 3-Substituents in (Bacterio)Chlorophyll Derivatives to Prepare 3-Ethylated, Methylated, and Unsubstituted (Nickel) Pyropheophorbides and Their Optical Properties. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4751-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300442t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Machida
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mizutani
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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12
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Nishimori R, Mizoguchi T, Tamiaki H, Kashimura S, Saga Y. Biosynthesis of Unnatural Bacteriochlorophyll c Derivatives Esterified with α,ω-Diols in the Green Sulfur Photosynthetic Bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. Biochemistry 2011; 50:7756-64. [DOI: 10.1021/bi200994h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Risato Nishimori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mizoguchi
- Department of Bioscience and
Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Bioscience and
Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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13
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Krayer M, Yang E, Diers JR, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. De novo synthesis and photophysical characterization of annulated bacteriochlorins. Mimicking and extending the properties of bacteriochlorophylls. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00771d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Supramolecular gelation of alcohol and water by synthetic amphiphilic gallic acid derivatives. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Zheng X, Morgan J, Pandey SK, Chen Y, Tracy E, Baumann H, Missert JR, Batt C, Jackson J, Bellnier DA, Henderson BW, Pandey RK. Conjugation of 2-(1'-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) to carbohydrates changes its subcellular distribution and enhances photodynamic activity in vivo. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4306-18. [PMID: 19507863 DOI: 10.1021/jm9001617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate moieties on conjugating with 3-(1'-hexyloxyethyl)-3-devinyl pyropeophorbide-a (HPPH) altered the uptake and intracellular localization from mitochondria to lysosomes. In vitro, HPPH-Gal 9 PDT showed increased PDT efficacy over HPPH-PDT as detectable by the oxidative cross-linking of nonphosphorylated STAT3 and cell killing in ABCG2-expressing RIF cells but not in ABCG2-negative Colon26 cells. This increased efficacy in RIF cells could at least partially be attributed to increased cellular accumulation of 9, suggesting a role of the ABCG2 transporter for which HPPH is a substrate. While such differences in the accumulation in HPPH derivatives by tumor tissue in vivo were not detectable, 9 still showed an elevated light dose-dependent activity compared to HPPH in mice bearing RIF as well as Colon26 tumors. Further optimization of the carbohydrate conjugates at variable treatment parameters in vivo is currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zheng
- PDT Center, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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Kunieda M, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of Zinc 3-Hydroxymethyl-porphyrins Possessing Carbonyl Groups at the 13- and/or 15-Positions for Models of Self-Aggregative Chlorophylls in Green Photosynthetic Bacteria. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7686-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8014402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Kunieda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Shibata R, Koike K, Hori H, Tamiaki H. Self-aggregation of Synthetic Zinc Chlorophyll Derivatives Possessing Fluoroalkyl Chains in Liquid Carbon Dioxide as Models of Green Photosynthetic Bacterial Antennae. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Tamiaki H, Yoshimura H, Shimamura Y, Kunieda M. Self-aggregation behavior of synthetic zinc 3-hydroxymethyl-13/15-carbonyl-chlorins as models of main light-harvesting components in photosynthetic green bacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 95:223-8. [PMID: 17912608 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Zinc complexes of 3-hydroxymethyl-13/15-carbonyl-chlorins having a six-membered lactone as the E-ring were prepared by modifying purpurin-18 as models of bacteriochlorophyll-d, one of the chlorophyllous pigments in the main light-harvesting antenna systems (chlorosomes) of green photosynthetic bacteria. The synthetic 13-carbonylated compound self-aggregated in 1%(v/v) tetrahydrofuran and hexane to give large oligomers possessing red-shifted and broadened electronic absorption bands and intense circular dichroism bands at the shifted Q ( y ) region, indicating that the supramolecular structure of the resulting self-aggregate was similar to those of natural and artificial chlorosomal aggregates. The red-shift value observed here was smaller than the reported values in chlorosomal pigments having a five-membered keto-ring, which was ascribable to a weaker intermolecular hydrogen-bonding of 13-C=O with 3(1)-OH in a supramolecule of the former self-aggregate and suppression of the pi-pi interaction among the composite chlorins. On the other hand, the isomeric 15-carbonylated molecule was monomeric even in the nonpolar organic solvent, confirming the reported proposal that the linear orientation of three interactive moieties, OH, C=O and Zn, in a molecule is requisite for its chlorosomal self-aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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Tamiaki H, Michitsuji T, Shibata R. Synthesis of zinc bacteriochlorophyll-d analogues with various 17-substituents and their chlorosomal self-aggregates in non-polar organic solvents. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:1225-30. [DOI: 10.1039/b802359j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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