1
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Pansare AV, Pansare SV, Pansare PV, More BP, Nagarkar AA, Barbezat M, Donde KJ, Patil VR, Terrasi GP. Economical gold recovery cycle from bio-sensing AuNPs: an application for nanowaste and COVID-19 testing kits. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14686-14699. [PMID: 36098266 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01405j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the controlled growth of biologically active compounds: gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in various shapes, including their green synthesis, characterization, and studies of their applications towards biological, degradation and recycling. Using spectroscopic methods, studies on responsive binding mechanisms of AuNPs with biopolymers herring sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (hsDNA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), dyes degradation study, and exquisitely gold separation studies/recovery from nanowaste, COVID-19 testing kits, and pregnancy testing kits are discussed. The sensing ability of the AuNPs with biopolymers was investigated via various analytical techniques. The rate of degradation of various dyes in the presence and absence of AuNPs was studied by deploying stirring, IR, solar, and UV-Vis methods. AuNPs were found to be the most active cytotoxic agent against human breast cancer cell lines such as MCF-7 and MDAMB-468. Furthermore, an economical process for the recovery of gold traces from nanowaste, COVID-19 detection kits, and pregnancy testing kits was developed using inexpensive and eco-friendly α-cyclodextrin sugar. This method was found to be easy and safest in comparison with the universally accepted cyanidation process. In the future, small gold jewelry makers and related industries would benefit from the proposed gold-recycling process and it might contribute to their socio-economic growth. The methodologies proposed are also beneficial for trace-level forensic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol V Pansare
- Composite group, Mechanical Systems Engineering, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology-Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Shubham V Pansare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India.
| | - Priyanka V Pansare
- Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, University of Mumbai, Matunga (E), India.
| | - Bhausaheb P More
- Directorate of Forensic Science Laboratories Mumbai, Home Department, Government of Maharashtra-98, India
| | - Amit A Nagarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USA
| | - Michel Barbezat
- Composite group, Mechanical Systems Engineering, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology-Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Kamini J Donde
- Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, University of Mumbai, Matunga (E), India.
| | - Vishwanath R Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India.
| | - Giovanni P Terrasi
- Composite group, Mechanical Systems Engineering, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology-Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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2
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Alsiary RA, Alghrably M, Saoudi A, Al-Ghamdi S, Jaremko L, Jaremko M, Emwas AH. Using NMR spectroscopy to investigate the role played by copper in prion diseases. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:2389-2406. [PMID: 32328835 PMCID: PMC7419355 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of rare neurodegenerative disorders that develop as a result of the conformational conversion of normal prion protein (PrPC) to the disease-associated isoform (PrPSc). The mechanism that actually causes disease remains unclear. However, the mechanism underlying the conformational transformation of prion protein is partially understood-in particular, there is strong evidence that copper ions play a significant functional role in prion proteins and in their conformational conversion. Various models of the interaction of copper ions with prion proteins have been proposed for the Cu (II)-binding, cell-surface glycoprotein known as prion protein (PrP). Changes in the concentration of copper ions in the brain have been associated with prion diseases and there is strong evidence that copper plays a significant functional role in the conformational conversion of PrP. Nevertheless, because copper ions have been shown to have both a positive and negative effect on prion disease onset, the role played by Cu (II) ions in these diseases remains a topic of debate. Because of the unique properties of paramagnetic Cu (II) ions in the magnetic field, their interactions with PrP can be tracked even at single atom resolution using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Various NMR approaches have been utilized to study the kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural properties of Cu (II)-PrP interactions. Here, we highlight the different models of copper interactions with PrP with particular focus on studies that use NMR spectroscopy to investigate the role played by copper ions in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawiah A. Alsiary
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mawadda Alghrably
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhamid Saoudi
- Oncology, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Al-Ghamdi
- Oncology, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lukasz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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3
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Perry HL, Yoon IC, Chabloz NG, Molisso S, Stasiuk GJ, Botnar RM, Wilton-Ely JDET. Metallostar Assemblies Based on Dithiocarbamates for Use as MRI Contrast Agents. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10813-10823. [PMID: 32677827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two different octadentate gadolinium chelates based on DO3A and DOTAGA chelates (hydration number q = 1) have been used to prepare a series of bi-, tri-, and tetrametallic d-f mixed-metal complexes. The piperazine-based dithiocarbamate linker ensures that rotation of the gadolinium chelates is restricted, leading to enhanced relaxivity (r1) values, which increase with the overall mass and number of gadolinium units. The r1 value (at 10 MHz, 25 °C) per gadolinium unit rises from 5.0 mM-1 s-1 for the Gd-DO3A-NH2 monogadolinium chelate to 9.2 mM-1 s-1 in a trigadolinium complex with a ruthenium(III) core. Using a 1.5 T clinical scanner operating at 63.87 MHz (25 °C), an 86% increase in the relaxivity per gadolinium unit is observed for this multimetallic compound compared to clinically approved Dotarem. The gadolinium complexes based on the DOTAGA chelate also performed well at 63.87 MHz, with a relaxivity value of 9.5 mM-1 s-1 per gadolinium unit being observed for the trigadolinium d-f mixed-metal complex with a ruthenium(III) core. The versatility of dithiocarbamate coordination chemistry thus provides access to a wide range of d-f hybrids with potential for use as high-performance MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Il-Chul Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Nicolas G Chabloz
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Susannah Molisso
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - James D E T Wilton-Ely
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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4
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Chabloz NG, Perry HL, Yoon IC, Coulson AJ, White AJP, Stasiuk GJ, Botnar RM, Wilton-Ely JDET. Combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy Using Polyfunctionalised Nanoparticles Bearing Robust Gadolinium Surface Units. Chemistry 2020; 26:4552-4566. [PMID: 31981387 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A robust dithiocarbamate tether allows novel gadolinium units based on DOTAGA (q=1) to be attached to the surface of gold nanoparticles (2.6-4.1 nm diameter) along with functional units offering biocompatibility, targeting and photodynamic therapy. A dramatic increase in relaxivity (r1 ) per Gd unit from 5.01 mm-1 s-1 in unbound form to 31.68 mm-1 s-1 (10 MHz, 37 °C) is observed when immobilised on the surface due to restricted rotation and enhanced rigidity of the Gd complex on the nanoparticle surface. The single-step synthetic route provides a straightforward and versatile way of preparing multifunctional gold nanoparticles, including examples with conjugated zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizers. The lack of toxicity of these materials (MTT assays) is transformed on irradiation of HeLa cells for 30 minutes (PDT), leading to 75 % cell death. In addition to passive targeting, the inclusion of units capable of actively targeting overexpressed folate receptors illustrates the potential of these assemblies as targeted theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G Chabloz
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Hannah L Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Il-Chul Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andrew J Coulson
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - René M Botnar
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - James D E T Wilton-Ely
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN), London, UK
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5
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Chabloz NG, Wenzel MN, Perry HL, Yoon IC, Molisso S, Stasiuk GJ, Elson DS, Cass AEG, Wilton-Ely JDET. Polyfunctionalised Nanoparticles Bearing Robust Gadolinium Surface Units for High Relaxivity Performance in MRI. Chemistry 2019; 25:10895-10906. [PMID: 31127668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The first example of an octadentate gadolinium unit based on DO3A (hydration number q=1) with a dithiocarbamate tether has been designed and attached to the surface of gold nanoparticles (around 4.4 nm in diameter). In addition to the superior robustness of this attachment, the restricted rotation of the Gd complex on the nanoparticle surface leads to a dramatic increase in relaxivity (r1 ) from 4.0 mm-1 s-1 in unbound form to 34.3 mm-1 s-1 (at 10 MHz, 37 °C) and 22±2 mm-1 s-1 (at 63.87 MHz, 25 °C) when immobilised on the surface. The one-pot synthetic route provides a straightforward and versatile way of preparing a range of multifunctional gold nanoparticles. The incorporation of additional surface units for biocompatibility (PEG and thioglucose units) and targeting (folic acid) leads to little detrimental effect on the high relaxivity observed for these non-toxic multifunctional materials. In addition to the passive targeting attributed to gold nanoparticles, the inclusion of a unit capable of targeting the folate receptors overexpressed by cancer cells, such as HeLa cells, illustrates the potential of these assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G Chabloz
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Margot N Wenzel
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Hannah L Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Il-Chul Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Susannah Molisso
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Daniel S Elson
- Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Institute of Global Health Innovation and Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Anthony E G Cass
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK.,London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN), UK
| | - James D E T Wilton-Ely
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN), UK
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6
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Pansare AV, Kulal DK, Shedge AA, Patil VR. Green synthesis of anticancerous honeycomb PtNPs clusters: Their alteration effect on BSA and HsDNA using fluorescence probe. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:473-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Chen Y, Zhu Q, Tian Y, Tang W, Pan F, Xiong R, Yuan Y, Hu A. Supramolecular aggregates from polyacrylates and Gd(iii)-containing cationic surfactants as high-relaxivity MRI contrast agents. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01562b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The assembly behavior of narrowly dispersed poly(sodium acrylate) (PAAS) of different molecular weights with Gd(iii)-containing cationic metallosurfactants (MS) was investigated by DLS, TEM and relaxivity plotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yu Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Weijun Tang
- Department of Radiology
- Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Fei Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Rulin Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Aiguo Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
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8
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Mosayebnia M, Shafiee-Ardestani M, Pasalar P, Mashayekhi M, Amanlou M. Diethylentriaminepenta acetic acid glucose conjugates as a cell permeable iron chelator. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2014; 5:27-32. [PMID: 24554907 PMCID: PMC3917162 DOI: 10.4103/0976-500x.124416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To find out whether DTPA-DG complex can enhance clearance of intracellular free iron. Materials and Methods: Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-D-deoxy-glucosamine (DTPA-DG) was synthesized and examined for its activity as a cell-permeable iron chelator in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG2) cell line exposed to high concentration of iron sulfate and compared with deferoxamine (DFO), a prototype iron chelator. The effect of DTPA-DG on cell viability was monitored using the 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide MTT assay as well. Results: There was a significant increase of iron level after iron overload induction in HEPG2 cell culture. DTPA-DG presented a remarkable capacity to iron burden reducing with estimated 50% inhibitory concentration value of 65.77 nM. In fact, glycosyl moiety was gained access of DTPA to intracellular iron deposits through glucose transporter systems. Conclusion: DTPA-DG, more potent than DFO to sequester deposits of free iron with no profound toxic effect. The results suggest the potential of DTPA-DG in chelating iron and permitting its excretion from primary organ storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mosayebnia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafiee-Ardestani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Pasalar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mashayekhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Pais A, Biton IE, Margalit R, Degani H. Characterization of estrogen-receptor-targeted contrast agents in solution, breast cancer cells, and tumors in vivo. Magn Reson Med 2013; 70:193-206. [PMID: 22887470 PMCID: PMC4547469 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) is a major prognostic biomarker of breast cancer, currently determined in surgical specimens by immunohistochemistry. Two new ER-targeted probes, pyridine-tetra-acetate-Gd chelate (PTA-Gd) conjugated either to 17β-estradiol (EPTA-Gd) or to tamoxifen (TPTA-Gd), were explored as contrast agents for molecular imaging of ER. In solution, both probes exhibited a micromolar ER binding affinity, fast water exchange rate (∼10(7) s(-1)), and water proton-relaxivity of 4.7-6.8 mM(-1) s(-1). In human breast cancer cells, both probes acted as estrogen agonists and enhanced the water protons T1 relaxation rate and relaxivity in ER-positive as compared to ER-negative cells, with EPTA-Gd showing a higher ER-specific relaxivity than TPTA-Gd. In studies of breast cancer tumors in vivo, EPTA-Gd induced the highest enhancement in ER-positive tumors as compared to ER-negative tumors and muscle tissue, enabling in vivo detection of ER. TPTA-Gd demonstrated the highest enhancement in muscle tissue indicating nonspecific interaction of this agent with muscle components. The extracellular contrast agents, PTA-Gd and GdDTPA, showed no difference in the perfusion capacity of ER-positive and -negative tumors confirming the specific interaction of EPTA-Gd with ER. These findings lay a basis for the molecular imaging of the ER using EPTA-Gd as a template for further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Pais
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inbal Eti Biton
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raanan Margalit
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hadassa Degani
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot, Israel
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10
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Emwas AHM, Al-Talla ZA, Guo X, Al-Ghamdi S, Al-Masri HT. Utilizing NMR and EPR spectroscopy to probe the role of copper in prion diseases. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2013; 51:255-268. [PMID: 23436479 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential nutrient for the normal development of the brain and nervous system, although the hallmark of several neurological diseases is a change in copper concentrations in the brain and central nervous system. Prion protein (PrP) is a copper-binding, cell-surface glycoprotein that exists in two alternatively folded conformations: a normal isoform (PrP(C)) and a disease-associated isoform (PrP(Sc)). Prion diseases are a group of lethal neurodegenerative disorders that develop as a result of conformational conversion of PrP(C) into PrP(Sc). The pathogenic mechanism that triggers this conformational transformation with the subsequent development of prion diseases remains unclear. It has, however, been shown repeatedly that copper plays a significant functional role in the conformational conversion of prion proteins. In this review, we focus on current research that seeks to clarify the conformational changes associated with prion diseases and the role of copper in this mechanism, with emphasis on the latest applications of NMR and EPR spectroscopy to probe the interactions of copper with prion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hamid M Emwas
- NMR Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Frullano L, Caravan P. Strategies for the preparation of bifunctional gadolinium(III) chelators. Curr Org Synth 2011; 8:535-565. [PMID: 22375102 DOI: 10.2174/157017911796117250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of gadolinium chelators that can be easily and readily linked to various substrates is of primary importance for the development high relaxation efficiency and/or targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Over the last 25 years a large number of bifunctional chelators have been prepared. For the most part, these compounds are based on ligands that are already used in clinically approved contrast agents. More recently, new bifunctional chelators have been reported based on complexes that show a more potent relaxation effect, faster complexation kinetics and in some cases simpler synthetic procedures. This review provides an overview of the synthetic strategies used for the preparation of bifunctional chelators for MRI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Frullano
- Case Western Reserve University. 11100 Euclid Ave Cleveland, OH 44106
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12
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Villaraza AJL, Bumb A, Brechbiel MW. Macromolecules, dendrimers, and nanomaterials in magnetic resonance imaging: the interplay between size, function, and pharmacokinetics. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2921-59. [PMID: 20067234 PMCID: PMC2868950 DOI: 10.1021/cr900232t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Joseph L. Villaraza
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ambika Bumb
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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13
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Hermann P, Kotek J, Kubícek V, Lukes I. Gadolinium(III) complexes as MRI contrast agents: ligand design and properties of the complexes. Dalton Trans 2008:3027-47. [PMID: 18521444 DOI: 10.1039/b719704g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is a commonly used diagnostic method in medicinal practice as well as in biological and preclinical research. Contrast agents (CAs), which are often applied are mostly based on Gd(III) complexes. In this paper, the ligand types and structures of their complexes on one side and a set of the physico-chemical parameters governing properties of the CAs on the other side are discussed. The solid-state structures of lanthanide(III) complexes of open-chain and macrocyclic ligands and their structural features are compared. Examples of tuning of ligand structures to alter the relaxometric properties of gadolinium(III) complexes as a number of coordinated water molecules, their residence time (exchange rate) or reorientation time of the complexes are given. Influence of the structural changes of the ligands on thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness/lability of their lanthanide(III) complexes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universita Karlova (Charles University), Hlavova 2030, 128 40, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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