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Zhao L, Wang H, Chen X, Wang L, Abulaizi W, Yang Y, Li B, Wang C, Bai X. Agarose Hydrogel-Boosted One-Tube RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a Assay for Robust Point-of-Care Detection of Zoonotic Nematode Anisakis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8257-8268. [PMID: 38530904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate detection of the zoonotic nematode Anisakis is poised to control its epidemic. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas-associated assay shows great potential in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms. The one-tube method integrated the CRISPR system with the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) system to avoid the risk of aerosol pollution; however, it suffers from low sensitivity due to the incompatibility of the two systems and additional manual operations. Therefore, in the present study, the agarose hydrogel boosted one-tube RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay was constructed by adding the CRISPR system to the agarose hydrogel, which avoided the initially low amplification efficiency of RPA caused by the cleavage of Cas12a and achieved reaction continuity. The sensitivity was 10-fold higher than that of the one-tube RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a system. This method was used for Anisakis detection within 80 min from the sample to result, achieving point-of-care testing (POCT) through a smartphone and a portable device. This study provided a novel toolbox for POCT with significant application value in preventing Anisakis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiuqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Jiashi County Hospitalof Uygur Medicine, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830057, China
| | - Wulamujiang Abulaizi
- Jiashi County Hospitalof Uygur Medicine, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830057, China
| | - Yaming Yang
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer 665000, China
| | - Benfu Li
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer 665000, China
| | - Cunzhou Wang
- Jiashi County Hospitalof Uygur Medicine, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830057, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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P C S, Shetty SS, Kumari N S, Shetty VV, Shetty P, Rao C, Shetty PK. Prognostic significance of tetraspanin CD9 and oncogenic epidermal growth factor receptor in tongue squamous cell carcinoma survival. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154651. [PMID: 37390757 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent locations for head and neck cancer is the tongue. The surviving patients who are receiving therapy have considerably compromised speech, taste, chewing, and swallowing. CD9 is a cell surface protein that has contradictory role in cancer progression. The objective of the study is to analyze the Cluster of Differentiation 9(CD9), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) expression in tongue cancer specimens and its clinical significance.50 tongue cancer sections were used to analyze the expression of CD9,EGFR and p-Akt by immunohistochemistry. Data regarding the histological grade of the tumor, age, sex, and habits were recorded, and relation with CD9,EGFR and p-Akt expression was assessed. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. Categorical data was analyzed by Chi-square test. Student t-test was used to check the significance of data between two groups.A significant increase in the CD9,EGFR and p-Akt expression (1.8 ± 0.11, 2.06 ± 0.18 and 2.3 ± 0.15 respectively) was seen in the tongue cancer specimens. CD9 and p-Akt expression had a significant association with the histological grade (p < 0.004 and p < 0.006 respectively). CD9 expression was higher in patients with the combination of addiction/habit compared to patients with single addictions(1.08 ± 0.11 and 0.75 ± 0.47). Overall a poor rate of survival was observed in CD9 positive patients(p < 0.039). EGFR and p-Akt expression increased with increasing expression of CD9, suggesting its use as a biomarker to track the development of TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhasini P C
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.
| | - Shilpa S Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.
| | - Suchetha Kumari N
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.
| | - Vijith Vittal Shetty
- Department of Oncology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Pushparaj Shetty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences,Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.
| | - Chandrika Rao
- Department of Pathology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.
| | - Praveen Kumar Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), India.
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Kang TY, Kim S, Cho SK, Kim T, Hwang YH, Kim K. Quantitative comparison of EGFR expression levels of optically trapped individual cells using a capacitance biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 233:115320. [PMID: 37105057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Cellular endocytosis is an essential phenomenon which induces cellular reactions, such as waste removal, nutrient absorption, and drug delivery, in the process of cell growth, division, and proliferation. To observe capacitance responses upon endocytosis on a single-cell scale, this study combined an optical tweezer that can optically place a single cell on a desired location with a capacitance sensor and a cell incubation chamber. Single HeLa cancer cell was captured and moved to a desired location through optical trapping, and the single-cell capacitance change generated during the epidermal growth factor (EGF) molecule endocytosis was measured in real time. It was found that single HeLa cells showed a larger increase in capacitance values compared to that of the single NIH3T3 cells when exposed to varying EGF concentrations. In addition, the capacitance change was in proportion to the cell's EGF receptor (EGFR) level when cells of different levels of EGFR expression were tested. An equation derived from these results was able to estimate the EGFR expression level of a blind-tested cell. The biosensor developed in this research can not only quickly move a single cell to a desired location in a non-invasive manner but also distinguish specific responses between cancer and normal cells by continuous measurement of real-time interactions of a single cell in culture to the external ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Young Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojung Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Cho
- Crystal Bank, Pusan National University (PNU), Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hwae Hwang
- Department of Nano Energy Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyujung Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Lin YH, Tsai CN, Chen PF, Lin YT, Darvishi S, Girault HH, Lin TY, Liao MY, Lin TE. AI-Assisted Fusion of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Images Using Novel Soft Probe. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:576-583. [PMID: 36785775 PMCID: PMC9885998 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is one of the scanning probe techniques that has attracted considerable attention because of its ability to interrogate surface morphology or electrochemical reactivity. However, the quality of SECM images generally depends on the sizes of the electrodes and many uncontrollable factors. Furthermore, manipulating fragile glass ultramicroelectrodes and blurred images sometimes frustrate researchers. To overcome the challenges of modern SECM, we developed novel soft gold probes and then established the AI-assisted methodology for image fusion. A novel gold microelectrode probe with high softness was developed to scan fragile samples. The distribution of EGFR (protein biomarker) in oral cancer was investigated. Then, we fused the optical microscopic and SECM images to enhance the image quality using Matlab software. However, thousands of fused images were generated by changing the parameters for image fusion, which is annoying for researchers. Thus, a deep learning model was built to select the best-fused images according to the contrast and clarity of the fused images. Therefore, the quality of the SECM images was improved using a novel soft probe and combining the image fusion technique. In the future, a new scanning probe with AI-assisted fused SECM image processing may be interpreted more preciously and contribute to the early detection of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Lin
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ning Tsai
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Feng Chen
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tzu Lin
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sorour Darvishi
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Valais Wallis, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Valais Wallis, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Institute
of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Biomedical
Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yi Liao
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung
University, Pingtung 90003, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-En Lin
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Fundamentals of Biosensors and Detection Methods. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:3-29. [PMID: 35760986 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors have a great impact on our society to enhance the life quality, playing an important role in the development of Point-of-Care (POC) technologies for rapid diagnostics, and monitoring of disease progression. COVID-19 rapid antigen tests, home pregnancy tests, and glucose monitoring sensors represent three examples of successful biosensor POC devices. Biosensors have extensively been used in applications related to the control of diseases, food quality and safety, and environment quality. They can provide great specificity and portability at significantly reduced costs. In this chapter are described the fundamentals of biosensors including the working principles, general configurations, performance factors, and their classifications according to the type of bioreceptors and transducers. It is also briefly illustrated the general strategies applied to immobilize biorecognition elements on the transducer surface for the construction of biosensors. Moreover, the principal detection methods used in biosensors are described, giving special emphasis on optical, electrochemical, and mass-based methods. Finally, the challenges for biosensing in real applications are addressed at the end of this chapter.
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Needs SH, Sirivisoot S, Jegouic S, Prommool T, Luangaram P, Srisawat C, Sriraksa K, Limpitikul W, Mairiang D, Malasit P, Avirutnan P, Puttikhunt C, Edwards AD. Smartphone multiplex microcapillary diagnostics using Cygnus: Development and evaluation of rapid serotype-specific NS1 detection with dengue patient samples. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010266. [PMID: 35389998 PMCID: PMC8989202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infection including DENV serotyping requires skilled labor and well-equipped settings. DENV NS1 lateral flow rapid test (LFT) provides simplicity but lacks ability to identify serotype. A simple, economical, point-of-care device for serotyping is still needed. We present a gravity driven, smartphone compatible, microfluidic device using microcapillary film (MCF) to perform multiplex serotype-specific immunoassay detection of dengue virus NS1. A novel device–termed Cygnus–with a stackable design allows analysis of 1 to 12 samples in parallel in 40 minutes. A sandwich enzyme immunoassay was developed to specifically detect NS1 of all four DENV serotypes in one 60-μl plasma sample. This test aims to bridge the gap between rapid LFT and laboratory microplate ELISAs in terms of sensitivity, usability, accessibility and speed. The Cygnus NS1 assay was evaluated with retrospective undiluted plasma samples from 205 DENV infected patients alongside 50 febrile illness negative controls. Against the gold standard RT-PCR, clinical sensitivity for Cygnus was 82% in overall (with 78, 78, 80 and 76% for DENV1-4, respectively), comparable to an in-house serotyping NS1 microplate ELISA (82% vs 83%) but superior to commercial NS1-LFT (82% vs 74%). Specificity of the Cygnus device was 86%, lower than that of NS1-microplate ELISA and NS1-LFT (100% and 98%, respectively). For Cygnus positive samples, identification of DENV serotypes DENV2-4 matched those by RT-PCR by 100%, but for DENV1 capillaries false positives were seen, suggesting an improved DENV1 capture antibody is needed to increase specificity. Overall performance of Cygnus showed substantial agreement to NS1-microplate ELISA (κ = 0.68, 95%CI 0.58–0.77) and NS1-LFT (κ = 0.71, 95%CI 0.63–0.80). Although further refinement for DENV-1 NS1 detection is needed, the advantages of multiplexing and rapid processing time, this Cygnus device could deliver point-of-care NS1 antigen testing including serotyping for timely DENV diagnosis for epidemic surveillance and outbreak prediction. Diagnosis of the important mosquito-transmitted dengue virus (DENV) requires laboratory assays to detect viral genome (RT-PCR), viral NS1 protein (immunoassay) or DENV specific antibodies. Current point-of-care NS1 tests cannot distinguish serotype, so laboratory tests are still essential to determine which of 4 DENV serotypes is present. Here we present a rapid serotype-specific NS1 test in a portable microfluidic format. Ten parallel 0.2 mm tubes inside a flat plastic ribbon perform multiplex NS1 immunoassays. A simple cassette delivers sample and reagents sequentially through the microcapillaries by gravity. By stacking cassettes, 12 tests could be performed in under 40 minutes, with results recorded by smartphone. When evaluated with 205 patients plus 50 control samples, and results compared to conventional RT-PCR, the sensitivity for DENV1 to 4 was 78%, 78%, 80%, and 76%, respectively, with specificity of 100% for DENV2-4. DENV1 showed some false positives due to cross-reactivity of the capture antibody. Serotyping performance with MCF-Cygnus devices showed substantial agreement to the serotyping-NS1 microplate ELISA. Therefore, these simple and portable microcapillary immunoassay devices could support dengue NS1 serotyping with potential benefits for near-patient diagnosis, real-time epidemic surveillance and outbreak mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Helen Needs
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Sirintra Sirivisoot
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sophie Jegouic
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Tanapan Prommool
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Prasit Luangaram
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Srisawat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Sriraksa
- Pediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wannee Limpitikul
- Pediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Health, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Dumrong Mairiang
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prida Malasit
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panisadee Avirutnan
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (PA); (CH); (ADE)
| | - Chunya Puttikhunt
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (PA); (CH); (ADE)
| | - Alexander Daniel Edwards
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
- Capillary Film Technology Ltd, Billingshurst, West Sussex, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PA); (CH); (ADE)
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Optical Evidence for the Assembly of Sensors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Polydiphenylamine for the Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Using Raman scattering and FTIR spectroscopy, new optical evidence for the assembly of sensors based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and polydiphenylamine (PDPA) for the electrochemical detection of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are reported. The assembly process of the RGO sheets electrochemical functionalized with PDPA involves the chemical adsorption of 1,4-phenylene diisothiocyanate (PDITC), followed by an incubation with protein G in phosphate buffer (PB) solution and after that the interaction with EGFR antibodies solution. Taking into account the changes reported by Raman scattering and FTIR spectroscopy, a chemical mechanism of the assembling process for this sensor is proposed. The preliminary testing of the electrochemical activity of the sensors based on RGO and PDPA was reported by cyclic voltammetry.
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Battery-free, wireless, and flexible electrochemical patch for in situ analysis of sweat cortisol via near field communication. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 172:112782. [PMID: 33157409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Wearable and flexible biosensing devices have been widely developed for in situ detections. Cortisol is a vital biomarker which plays crucial regulatory role in numerous physiological processes of the human body. Here, a wireless, battery-free, and flexible integrated patch is developed for real-time on-body sweat cortisol detection. The patch integrated with all-printed flexible electrochemical immunosensor, which was used to detect cortisol through differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The near field communication (NFC) module on the patch enables wireless power harvesting and data interaction with an NFC-enabled smartphone, which makes the patch get rid of rigid batteries and realize epidermal on-body testing. Multiple in situ detections on volunteers' sweat on the surface of skin showed that the flexible integrated patch could reflect the circadian rhythm of the body's sweat cortisol level changes in relaxed mood or under stress, which could be confirmed with the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In this way, the patch provides a rapid-detecting, convenient, and non-invasive sensing solution for in situ analysis of sweat cortisol, which can be applied for the personalized mental health management.
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McRae MP, Modak SS, Simmons GW, Trochesset DA, Kerr AR, Thornhill MH, Redding SW, Vigneswaran N, Kang SK, Christodoulides NJ, Murdoch C, Dietl SJ, Markham R, McDevitt JT. Point-of-care oral cytology tool for the screening and assessment of potentially malignant oral lesions. Cancer Cytopathol 2020; 128:207-220. [PMID: 32032477 PMCID: PMC7078980 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effective detection and monitoring of potentially malignant oral lesions (PMOL) are critical to identifying early-stage cancer and improving outcomes. In the current study, the authors described cytopathology tools, including machine learning algorithms, clinical algorithms, and test reports developed to assist pathologists and clinicians with PMOL evaluation. METHODS Data were acquired from a multisite clinical validation study of 999 subjects with PMOLs and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using a cytology-on-a-chip approach. A machine learning model was trained to recognize and quantify the distributions of 4 cell phenotypes. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) logistic regression model was trained to distinguish PMOLs and cancer across a spectrum of histopathologic diagnoses ranging from benign, to increasing grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), to OSCC using demographics, lesion characteristics, and cell phenotypes. Cytopathology software was developed to assist pathologists in reviewing brush cytology test results, including high-content cell analyses, data visualization tools, and results reporting. RESULTS Cell phenotypes were determined accurately through an automated cytological assay and machine learning approach (99.3% accuracy). Significant differences in cell phenotype distributions across diagnostic categories were found in 3 phenotypes (type 1 ["mature squamous"], type 2 ["small round"], and type 3 ["leukocytes"]). The clinical algorithms resulted in acceptable performance characteristics (area under the curve of 0.81 for benign vs mild dysplasia and 0.95 for benign vs malignancy). CONCLUSIONS These new cytopathology tools represent a practical solution for rapid PMOL assessment, with the potential to facilitate screening and longitudinal monitoring in primary, secondary, and tertiary clinical care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. McRae
- Department of Biomaterials, Bioengineering InstituteNew York UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - Sayli S. Modak
- Department of Biomaterials, Bioengineering InstituteNew York UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - Glennon W. Simmons
- Department of Biomaterials, Bioengineering InstituteNew York UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - Denise A. Trochesset
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and MedicineNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkNew York
| | - A. Ross Kerr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and MedicineNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkNew York
| | - Martin H. Thornhill
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Surgery, and PathologySchool of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Spencer W. Redding
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Mays Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Nadarajah Vigneswaran
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas
| | - Stella K. Kang
- Department of RadiologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew York
- Department of Population HealthNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew York
| | | | - Craig Murdoch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Surgery, and PathologySchool of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - John T. McDevitt
- Department of Biomaterials, Bioengineering InstituteNew York UniversityNew YorkNew York
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10
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Tsao CW, Syu WC. Bonding of thermoplastic microfluidics by using dry adhesive tape. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30289-30296. [PMID: 35516018 PMCID: PMC9056340 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of adhesive tape structure, adhesive tape thickness (30, 60, and 80 μm), and bonding time (5 and 15 seconds) on the bonding of inflexible and flexible substrates. We performed microchannel bonding by using a manual scraper press or a hot press machine. Rapid prototyping and mass production capabilities were achieved in the dry adhesive tape bonding of polymer microfluidic systems with both the aforementioned approaches. With process control, 95.16% and 99.53% bonding coverage could be achieved for the inflexible and flexible substrates, respectively, by using a manual scraper press. When using a press machine, the bonding coverage could be further enhanced to 99.24% for the inflexible substrates and 99.81% for the flexible substrates. Due to the viscoelastic nature of the adhesive layer in the adhesive tapes, we observed Saffman–Taylor finger and air bubble formation around the microchannel under high pumping pressure. The results indicated that the probability of Saffman–Taylor finger formation was lower and the bonding pressure was higher when using the thinner adhesive tape than when using thicker tape. Moreover, due to their rigidity, the inflexible substrates exhibited a higher bonding strength than the flexible substrates did. Bonding stability tests indicated that the bonded substrates had high bonding quality and bonding strength under long-term storage of up to 60 days. We investigated dry adhesive bonding of thermoplastic microfluidics. The bonding performance is correlated to the air bubble encapsulation and Saffman–Taylor finger formation phenomena at the interface.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan City
- Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ci Syu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan City
- Taiwan
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Sun C, You H, Gao N, Chang J, Gao Q, Xie Y, Xie Y, Xu RX. Design and fabrication of a microfluidic chip to detect tumor markers. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39779-39785. [PMID: 35515361 PMCID: PMC9057392 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A microfluidic chip based on capillary infiltration was designed to detect tumor markers. Serum samples flowed along a microchannel that used capillary force to drive sample injection, biochemical reactions and waste liquid collection. This permitted us to realize rapid qualitative detection of tumor markers and other biological molecules. The chip integrated a number of microfluidic functions including blood plasma separation, microvalve operation, and antibody immobilization. Using antigen–antibody reaction principles, the chip provided highly selective and sensitive detection of markers. Combining a microfluidic chip with immunoassays not only improved the antigen–antibody reaction speed, but also reduced the consumption of samples and reagents. The experimental results showed that the chip can achieve separation of trace whole blood, control of sample flow rate, and detection of alpha fetoprotein, thus providing preliminary verification of its feasibility and potential for clinical use. In summary, in this paper a cheap, mass-produced, and portable microfluidic chip for cancer detection, which has good prospects for practical use during disease diagnosis and screening is reported. A microfluidic chip for detecting tumor markers integrated functions including blood plasma separation, microvalve operation, and antibody immobilization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuimin Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Precision Machinery
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- PR China
- XingJian College of Science and Liberal Arts of Guangxi University
| | - Hui You
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- PR China
| | - Nailong Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Precision Machinery
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- PR China
| | - Jianguo Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Precision Machinery
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- PR China
| | - Qingxue Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Precision Machinery
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- PR China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Precision Machinery
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- PR China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Precision Machinery
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- PR China
| | - Ronald X. Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Precision Machinery
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- PR China
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12
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He H, Nieminen AL, Xu P. A bioactivatable self-quenched nanogel for targeted photodynamic therapy. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:5143-5149. [PMID: 31577285 PMCID: PMC6864251 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy has attracted significant attention due to its localized treatment advantage. However, the non-specific distribution of photosensitizers and the subsequent potential toxicity caused by sunshine exposure hinder its wide adoption in cancer treatment. To minimize these unwanted effects and improve its efficacy, we developed a bioactivatable self-quenched nanogel, which remains in its inactive state in healthy tissues. Anti-EGFR Affibody decorated nanogels can effectively target head and neck cancer and release activated pheophorbide A in a reducing environment, such as in the tumor stroma and cytoplasm. Consequently, the EGFR targeted nanogel coupled with NIR irradiation alleviates tumor burden by 94.5% while not inducing systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huacheng He
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Anna-Liisa Nieminen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President Street, MSC 140, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Peisheng Xu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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13
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Christodoulides N, McRae MP, Simmons GW, Modak SS, McDevitt JT. Sensors that Learn: The Evolution from Taste Fingerprints to Patterns of Early Disease Detection. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E251. [PMID: 30995728 PMCID: PMC6523560 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The McDevitt group has sustained efforts to develop a programmable sensing platform that offers advanced, multiplexed/multiclass chem-/bio-detection capabilities. This scalable chip-based platform has been optimized to service real-world biological specimens and validated for analytical performance. Fashioned as a sensor that learns, the platform can host new content for the application at hand. Identification of biomarker-based fingerprints from complex mixtures has a direct linkage to e-nose and e-tongue research. Recently, we have moved to the point of big data acquisition alongside the linkage to machine learning and artificial intelligence. Here, exciting opportunities are afforded by multiparameter sensing that mimics the sense of taste, overcoming the limitations of salty, sweet, sour, bitter, and glutamate sensing and moving into fingerprints of health and wellness. This article summarizes developments related to the electronic taste chip system evolving into a platform that digitizes biology and affords clinical decision support tools. A dynamic body of literature and key review articles that have contributed to the shaping of these activities are also highlighted. This fully integrated sensor promises more rapid transition of biomarker panels into wide-spread clinical practice yielding valuable new insights into health diagnostics, benefiting early disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaos Christodoulides
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Bioengineering Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Michael P McRae
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Bioengineering Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Glennon W Simmons
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Bioengineering Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Sayli S Modak
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Bioengineering Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - John T McDevitt
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Bioengineering Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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14
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Pradhan S, Guddattu V, Solomon MC. Association of the co-expression of SOX2 and Podoplanin in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas - an immunohistochemical study. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180348. [PMID: 31508790 PMCID: PMC9648958 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is a transcription factor related to the maintenance of stem cells in a pluripotent state. Podoplanin is a type of transmembrane sialoglycoprotein, which plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. This study aims to determine association of SOX2 and podoplanin expression in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas and to elucidate the association between two proteins.
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15
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LI CHIYU, LI WANG, GENG CHUNYANG, REN HAIJUN, YU XIAOHUI, LIU BO. MICROFLUIDIC CHIP FOR CANCER CELL DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS. J MECH MED BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519418300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since cancer becomes the most deadly disease to our health, research on early detection on cancer cells is necessary for clinical treatment. The combination of microfluidic device with cell biology has shown a unique method for cancer cell research. In the present review, recent development on microfluidic chip for cancer cell detection and diagnosis will be addressed. Some typical microfluidic chips focussed on cancer cells and their advantages for different kinds of cancer cell detection and diagnosis will be listed, and the cell capture methods within the microfluidics will be simultaneously mentioned. Then the potential direction of microfluidic chip on cancer cell detection and diagnosis in the future is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHIYU LI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian Liaoning Province 116024, P. R. China
| | - WANG LI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian Liaoning Province 116024, P. R. China
| | - CHUNYANG GENG
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian Liaoning Province 116024, P. R. China
| | - HAIJUN REN
- Dalian Friendship Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116024, P. R. China
| | - XIAOHUI YU
- Dalian Institute of Maternal and Child Health Care, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116024, P. R. China
| | - BO LIU
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian Liaoning Province 116024, P. R. China
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16
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Varhue WB, Langman L, Kelly-Goss M, Lataillade M, Brayman KL, Peirce-Cottler S, Swami NS. Deformability-based microfluidic separation of pancreatic islets from exocrine acinar tissue for transplant applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3682-3691. [PMID: 28975176 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00890b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The long-term management of type-1 diabetes (T1D) is currently achieved through lifelong exogenous insulin injections. Although there is no cure for T1D, transplantation of pancreatic islets of Langerhans has the potential to restore normal endocrine function versus the morbidity of hypoglycemic unawareness that is commonly associated with sudden death among fragile diabetics. However, since endocrine islet tissues form a small proportion of the pancreas, sufficient islet numbers can be reached only by combining islets from multiple organ donors and the transplant plug contains significantly high levels of exocrine acinar tissue, thereby exacerbating immune responses. Hence, lifelong administration of immunosuppressants is required after transplantation, which can stress islet cells. The density gradient method that is currently used to separate islets from acinar tissue causes islets to be sparsely distributed over the centrifuged bins, so that the transplant sample obtained by combining multiple bins also contains significant acinar tissue levels. We show that in comparison to the significant size and density overlaps between the islet and acinar tissue populations post-organ digestion, their deformability overlaps are minimal. This feature is utilized to design a microfluidic separation strategy, wherein tangential flows enable selective deformation of acinar populations towards the bifurcating waste stream and sequential switching of hydrodynamic resistance enables the collection of rigid islets. Using 25 bifurcating daughter channels, a throughput of ∼300 islets per hour per device is obtained for enabling islet enrichment from relatively dilute starting levels to purity levels that meet the transplant criteria, as well as to further enhance islet purity from samples following density gradient enrichment. Based on confirmation of viability and functionality of the microfluidic-isolated islets using insulin secretion analysis and an angiogenesis assay, we envision utilizing this strategy to generate small-volume transplant plugs with high islet purity and significantly reduced acinar levels for minimizing immune responses after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter B Varhue
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Linda Langman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Molly Kelly-Goss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Morgan Lataillade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Kenneth L Brayman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Shayn Peirce-Cottler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Nathan S Swami
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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17
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Gencturk E, Mutlu S, Ulgen KO. Advances in microfluidic devices made from thermoplastics used in cell biology and analyses. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:051502. [PMID: 29152025 PMCID: PMC5654984 DOI: 10.1063/1.4998604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Silicon and glass were the main fabrication materials of microfluidic devices, however, plastics are on the rise in the past few years. Thermoplastic materials have recently been used to fabricate microfluidic platforms to perform experiments on cellular studies or environmental monitoring, with low cost disposable devices. This review describes the present state of the development and applications of microfluidic systems used in cell biology and analyses since the year 2000. Cultivation, separation/isolation, detection and analysis, and reaction studies are extensively discussed, considering only microorganisms (bacteria, yeast, fungi, zebra fish, etc.) and mammalian cell related studies in the microfluidic platforms. The advantages/disadvantages, fabrication methods, dimensions, and the purpose of creating the desired system are explained in detail. An important conclusion of this review is that these microfluidic platforms are still open for research and development, and solutions need to be found for each case separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Gencturk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senol Mutlu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BUMEMS Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kutlu O Ulgen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Christodoulides NJ, McRae MP, Abram TJ, Simmons GW, McDevitt JT. Innovative Programmable Bio-Nano-Chip Digitizes Biology Using Sensors That Learn Bridging Biomarker Discovery and Clinical Implementation. Front Public Health 2017; 5:110. [PMID: 28589118 PMCID: PMC5441161 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of standard tools and methodologies and the absence of a streamlined multimarker approval process have hindered the translation rate of new biomarkers into clinical practice for a variety of diseases afflicting humankind. Advanced novel technologies with superior analytical performance and reduced reagent costs, like the programmable bio-nano-chip system featured in this article, have potential to change the delivery of healthcare. This universal platform system has the capacity to digitize biology, resulting in a sensor modality with a capacity to learn. With well-planned device design, development, and distribution plans, there is an opportunity to translate benchtop discoveries in the genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and glycomics fields by transforming the information content of key biomarkers into actionable signatures that can empower physicians and patients for a better management of healthcare. While the process is complicated and will take some time, showcased here are three application areas for this flexible platform that combines biomarker content with minimally invasive or non-invasive sampling, such as brush biopsy for oral cancer risk assessment; serum, plasma, and small volumes of blood for the assessment of cardiac risk and wellness; and oral fluid sampling for drugs of abuse testing at the point of need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaos J. Christodoulides
- Department of Biomaterials, Bioengineering Institute, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael P. McRae
- Department of Biomaterials, Bioengineering Institute, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Glennon W. Simmons
- Department of Biomaterials, Bioengineering Institute, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - John T. McDevitt
- Department of Biomaterials, Bioengineering Institute, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Regiart M, Fernández-Baldo MA, Villarroel-Rocha J, Messina GA, Bertolino FA, Sapag K, Timperman AT, Raba J. Microfluidic immunosensor based on mesoporous silica platform and CMK-3/poly-acrylamide-co-methacrylate of dihydrolipoic acid modified gold electrode for cancer biomarker detection. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 963:83-92. [PMID: 28335979 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a hybrid glass-poly (dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic immunosensor for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) determination, based on the covalent immobilization of anti-EGFR antibody (anti-EGFR) on amino-functionalized mesoporous silica (AMS) retained in the central channel of a microfluidic device. The synthetized AMS was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and infrared spectroscopy. The cancer biomarker was quantified in human serum samples by a direct sandwich immunoassay measuring through a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-EGFR. The enzymatic product was detected at -100 mV by amperometry on a sputtering gold electrode, modified with an ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) in a matrix of poly-acrylamide-co-methacrylate of dihydrolipoic acid (poly(AC-co-MDHLA)) through in situ copolymerization. CMK-3/poly(AC-co-MDHLA)/gold was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, EDS and SEM. The measured current was directly proportional to the level of EGFR in human serum samples. The linear range was from 0.01 ng mL-1 to 50 ng mL-1. The detection limit was 3.03 pg mL-1, and the within- and between-assay coefficients of variation were below 5.20%. The microfluidic immunosensor is a very promising device for the diagnosis of several kinds of epithelial origin carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Regiart
- INFAP, Laboratorio de Sólidos Porosos, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Ejercito de los Andes 950, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Martin A Fernández-Baldo
- INQUISAL, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Jhonny Villarroel-Rocha
- INFAP, Laboratorio de Sólidos Porosos, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Ejercito de los Andes 950, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Germán A Messina
- INQUISAL, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Franco A Bertolino
- INQUISAL, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Karim Sapag
- INFAP, Laboratorio de Sólidos Porosos, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Ejercito de los Andes 950, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Aaron T Timperman
- Advanced Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Julio Raba
- INQUISAL, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina.
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20
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Abstract
The advancements in the fields of technology and networking have revolutionized the world including the fields of medicine and dentistry. Telemedicine and its various branches provide a broad platform to medical professionals for consultations and investigations and can also act as a valuable educational aid. This review highlights the components, methods employed, clinical applications, advantages, disadvantages of telepathology and telecytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roquaiya Nishat
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sujatha Ramachandra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Behura
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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21
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Zhang Q, Nie J, Xu H, Qiu Y, Li X, Gu W, Tang G, Luo J. Fluorescent microspheres for one-photon and two-photon imaging of mesenchymal stem cells. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7809-7818. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of fluorescent beads to quantitatively evaluate the one-photon and two-photon imaging of hMSCs that have endocytosed AO-PLGA nanospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Medical College of Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Jihua Nie
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Medical College of Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Radiology
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200072
- China
| | - Yuyou Qiu
- Department of Radiology
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200072
- China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Medical College of Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200072
- China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Oncology
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital With Nanjing Medical University
- Changzhou
- China
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22
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Abram TJ, Floriano PN, Christodoulides N, James R, Kerr AR, Thornhill MH, Redding SW, Vigneswaran N, Speight PM, Vick J, Murdoch C, Freeman C, Hegarty AM, D'Apice K, Phelan JA, Corby PM, Khouly I, Bouquot J, Demian NM, Weinstock YE, Rowan S, Yeh CK, McGuff HS, Miller FR, Gaur S, Karthikeyan K, Taylor L, Le C, Nguyen M, Talavera H, Raja R, Wong J, McDevitt JT. 'Cytology-on-a-chip' based sensors for monitoring of potentially malignant oral lesions. Oral Oncol 2016; 60:103-11. [PMID: 27531880 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Despite significant advances in surgical procedures and treatment, long-term prognosis for patients with oral cancer remains poor, with survival rates among the lowest of major cancers. Better methods are desperately needed to identify potential malignancies early when treatments are more effective. OBJECTIVE To develop robust classification models from cytology-on-a-chip measurements that mirror diagnostic performance of gold standard approach involving tissue biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Measurements were recorded from 714 prospectively recruited patients with suspicious lesions across 6 diagnostic categories (each confirmed by tissue biopsy -histopathology) using a powerful new 'cytology-on-a-chip' approach capable of executing high content analysis at a single cell level. Over 200 cellular features related to biomarker expression, nuclear parameters and cellular morphology were recorded per cell. By cataloging an average of 2000 cells per patient, these efforts resulted in nearly 13 million indexed objects. RESULTS Binary "low-risk"/"high-risk" models yielded AUC values of 0.88 and 0.84 for training and validation models, respectively, with an accompanying difference in sensitivity+specificity of 6.2%. In terms of accuracy, this model accurately predicted the correct diagnosis approximately 70% of the time, compared to the 69% initial agreement rate of the pool of expert pathologists. Key parameters identified in these models included cell circularity, Ki67 and EGFR expression, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear area, and cell area. CONCLUSIONS This chip-based approach yields objective data that can be leveraged for diagnosis and management of patients with PMOL as well as uncovering new molecular-level insights behind cytological differences across the OED spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Abram
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - A Ross Kerr
- New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology & Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin H Thornhill
- Academic Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine & Surgery, University of Sheffield School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | - Spencer W Redding
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nadarajah Vigneswaran
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul M Speight
- Academic Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Sheffield School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Craig Murdoch
- Academic Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine & Surgery, University of Sheffield School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christine Freeman
- Academic Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine & Surgery, University of Sheffield School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anne M Hegarty
- Unit of Oral Medicine, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Katy D'Apice
- Unit of Oral Medicine, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joan A Phelan
- New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology & Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia M Corby
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Population Health and Radiation Oncology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ismael Khouly
- New York University College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry Bouquot
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nagi M Demian
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Etan Weinstock
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Rowan
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - H Stan McGuff
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Pathology, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Frank R Miller
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Surabhi Gaur
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Leander Taylor
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cathy Le
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Rameez Raja
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge Wong
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John T McDevitt
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, TX, USA; Rice University, Department of Chemistry, Houston, TX, USA; New York University, Department of Biomaterials, New York, NY, USA.
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McRae MP, Simmons G, McDevitt JT. Challenges and opportunities for translating medical microdevices: insights from the programmable bio-nano-chip. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:905-19. [PMID: 27071710 PMCID: PMC4870725 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2015-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective highlights the major challenges for the bioanalytical community, in particular the area of lab-on-a-chip sensors, as they relate to point-of-care diagnostics. There is a strong need for general-purpose and universal biosensing platforms that can perform multiplexed and multiclass assays on real-world clinical samples. However, the adoption of novel lab-on-a-chip/microfluidic devices has been slow as several key challenges remain for the translation of these new devices to clinical practice. A pipeline of promising medical microdevice technologies will be made possible by addressing the challenges of integration, failure to compete with cost and performance of existing technologies, requisite for new content, and regulatory approval and clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P McRae
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Glennon Simmons
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John T McDevitt
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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Qiu Y, Wen Q, Zhang L, Yang P. Label-free and dynamic evaluation of cell-surface epidermal growth factor receptor expression via an electrochemiluminescence cytosensor. Talanta 2016; 150:286-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abou Neel EA, Bozec L, Perez RA, Kim HW, Knowles JC. Nanotechnology in dentistry: prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6371-94. [PMID: 26504385 PMCID: PMC4605240 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s86033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has rapidly expanded into all areas of science; it offers significant alternative ways to solve scientific and medical questions and problems. In dentistry, nanotechnology has been exploited in the development of restorative materials with some significant success. This review discusses nanointerfaces that could compromise the longevity of dental restorations, and how nanotechnolgy has been employed to modify them for providing long-term successful restorations. It also focuses on some challenging areas in dentistry, eg, oral biofilm and cancers, and how nanotechnology overcomes these challenges. The recent advances in nanodentistry and innovations in oral health-related diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic methods required to maintain and obtain perfect oral health, have been discussed. The recent advances in nanotechnology could hold promise in bringing a paradigm shift in dental field. Although there are numerous complex therapies being developed to treat many diseases, their clinical use requires careful consideration of the expense of synthesis and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensanya Ali Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials, Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, London, UK
| | - Laurent Bozec
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, London, UK
| | - Roman A Perez
- Institute of Tissue Regenerative Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regenerative Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, London, UK
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Shadfan BH, Simmons AR, Simmons GW, Ho A, Wong J, Lu KH, Bast RC, McDevitt JT. A multiplexable, microfluidic platform for the rapid quantitation of a biomarker panel for early ovarian cancer detection at the point-of-care. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 8:37-48. [PMID: 25388014 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platforms have the potential to enable low-cost, large-scale screening. As no single biomarker is shed by all ovarian cancers, multiplexed biomarker panels promise improved sensitivity and specificity to address the unmet need for early detection of ovarian cancer. We have configured the programmable bio-nano-chip (p-BNC)-a multiplexable, microfluidic, modular platform-to quantify a novel multi-marker panel comprising CA125, HE4, MMP-7, and CA72-4. The p-BNC is a bead-based immunoanalyzer system with a credit-card-sized footprint that integrates automated sample metering, bubble and debris removal, reagent storage and waste disposal, permitting POC analysis. Multiplexed p-BNC immunoassays demonstrated high specificity, low cross-reactivity, low limits of detection suitable for early detection, and a short analysis time of 43 minutes. Day-to-day variability, a critical factor for longitudinally monitoring biomarkers, ranged between 5.4% and 10.5%, well below the biologic variation for all four markers. Biomarker concentrations for 31 late-stage sera correlated well (R(2) = 0.71 to 0.93 for various biomarkers) with values obtained on the Luminex platform. In a 31 patient cohort encompassing early- and late-stage ovarian cancers along with benign and healthy controls, the multiplexed p-BNC panel was able to distinguish cases from controls with 68.7% sensitivity at 80% specificity. Utility for longitudinal biomarker monitoring was demonstrated with prediagnostic plasma from 2 cases and 4 controls. Taken together, the p-BNC shows strong promise as a diagnostic tool for large-scale screening that takes advantage of faster results and lower costs while leveraging possible improvement in sensitivity and specificity from biomarker panels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Archana R Simmons
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas. Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Glennon W Simmons
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas. Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Andy Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas. Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Jorge Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas. Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John T McDevitt
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas. Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.
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Piccinini F, Pierini M, Lucarelli E, Bevilacqua A. Semi-quantitative monitoring of confluence of adherent mesenchymal stromal cells on calcium-phosphate granules by using widefield microscopy images. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:2395-2410. [PMID: 24863020 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of cell confluence and proliferation is essential to design biomaterials and scaffolds to use as bone substitutes in clinical applications. Accordingly, several approaches have been proposed in the literature to estimate the area of the scaffold covered by cells. Nevertheless, most of the approaches rely on sophisticated equipment not employed for routine analyses, while the rest of them usually do not provide significant statistics about the cell distribution. This research aims at studying confluence and proliferation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) adherent on OSPROLIFE(®), a commercial biomaterial in the form of granules. In particular, we propose a Computer Vision approach that can routinely be employed to monitor the surface of the single granules covered by cells because only a standard widefield fluorescent microscope is required. In order to acquire significant statistics data, we analyse wide-area images built by using MicroMos v2.0, an updated version of a previously published software specific for stitching brightfield and phase-contrast images manually acquired via a widefield microscope. In particular, MicroMos v2.0 permits to build accurate "mosaics" of fluorescent images, after correcting vignetting and photo-bleaching effects, providing a consistent representation of a sample region containing numerous granules. Then, our method allows to make automatically a statistically significant estimate of the percentage of the area of the single granules covered by cells. Finally, by analysing hundreds of granules at different time intervals we also obtained reliable data regarding cell proliferation, confirming that not only MSC adhere onto the OSPROLIFE(®) granules, but even proliferate over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Piccinini
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems for Information and Communication Technologies "E. De Castro" (ARCES), University of Bologna, Via Toffano 2/2, I-40125, Bologna, Italy,
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Kotagiri N, Li Z, Xu X, Mondal S, Nehorai A, Achilefu S. Antibody quantum dot conjugates developed via copper-free click chemistry for rapid analysis of biological samples using a microfluidic microsphere array system. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1272-81. [PMID: 24936983 DOI: 10.1021/bc500139u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based proteomics is an enabling technology that has significant implications for cancer biomarker discovery, diagnostic screening, prognostic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of disease state, and targeted therapeutics. Quantum dot based fluoro-immunoconjugates possess promising features toward realization of this goal such as high photostability, brightness, and multispectral tunability. However, current strategies to generate such conjugates are riddled with complications such as improper orientation of antigen binding sites of the antibody, aggregation, and stability issues. We report a facile yet effective strategy to conjugate anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody to quantum dots using copper-free click reaction, and compared them to similar constructs prepared using traditional strategies such as succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) and biotin-streptavidin schemes. The Fc and Fab regions of the conjugates retain their binding potential, compared to those generated through the traditional schemes. We further applied the conjugates in testing a novel microsphere array device designed to carry out sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers through fluoroimmunoassays. Using purified EGFR, we determined the limit of detection of the microscopy centric system to be 12.5 ng/mL. The biological assay, in silico, was successfully tested and validated by using tumor cell lysates, as well as human serum from breast cancer patients, and the results were compared to normal serum. A pattern consistent with established clinical data was observed, which further validates the effectiveness of the developed conjugates and its successful implementation both in vitro as well as in silico fluoroimmunoassays. The results suggest the potential development of a high throughput in silico paradigm for predicting the class of patient cancer based on EGFR expression levels relative to normal reference levels in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinikanth Kotagiri
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Håkanson M, Cukierman E, Charnley M. Miniaturized pre-clinical cancer models as research and diagnostic tools. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 69-70:52-66. [PMID: 24295904 PMCID: PMC4019677 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Consequently, important resources are directed towards bettering treatments and outcomes. Cancer is difficult to treat due to its heterogeneity, plasticity and frequent drug resistance. New treatment strategies should strive for personalized approaches. These should target neoplastic and/or activated microenvironmental heterogeneity and plasticity without triggering resistance and spare host cells. In this review, the putative use of increasingly physiologically relevant microfabricated cell-culturing systems intended for drug development is discussed. There are two main reasons for the use of miniaturized systems. First, scaling down model size allows for high control of microenvironmental cues enabling more predictive outcomes. Second, miniaturization reduces reagent consumption, thus facilitating combinatorial approaches with little effort and enables the application of scarce materials, such as patient-derived samples. This review aims to give an overview of the state-of-the-art of such systems while predicting their application in cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Håkanson
- CSEM SA, Section for Micro-Diagnostics, 7302 Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
| | - Mirren Charnley
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Protein: A Biological Marker for Oral Precancer and Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/158709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The aim of the present paper was to study the expression and overexpression of EGFR in oral leukoplakia and cancer and at the same time assess the expression of EGFR in various histological grades of oral leukoplakia and OSCC in the Indian subcontinent. Methods. The study was conducted with routine H&E and IHC staining on 40 archival tissues. Results. Positive EGFR staining was present in all the cases 100% (30/30) out of which 7 (46.7%) cases of OSCC showed >75% EGFR expression and 8 (53.3%) cases of oral leukoplakia showed 25% EGFR expression. A statistically significant correlation was found in OSCC, OL and controls. Conclusions. EGFR may represent a promising target for novel molecular cancer therapies. EGFR expression levels in the premalignant lesion appear to be a sensitive factor in predicting the neoplastic potential of dysplastic tissues. This suggests that EGFR may serve as a biological marker to identify high-risk subgroups and guide prophylactic therapy.
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31
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Elshafey R, Tavares AC, Siaj M, Zourob M. Electrochemical impedance immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles–protein G for the detection of cancer marker epidermal growth factor receptor in human plasma and brain tissue. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:143-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Carr SD, Green VL, Stafford ND, Greenman J. Analysis of radiation-induced cell death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and rat liver maintained in microfluidic devices. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 150:73-80. [PMID: 24098006 DOI: 10.1177/0194599813507427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate how head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissue biopsies maintained in a pseudo in vivo environment within a bespoke microfluidic device respond to radiation treatment. STUDY DESIGN Feasibility study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty-five patients with HNSCC were recruited, and liver tissue from 5 Wistar rats was obtained. A microfluidic device was used to maintain the tissue biopsy samples in a viable state. Rat liver was used to optimize the methodology. HNSCC was obtained from patients with T1-T3 laryngeal or oropharyngeal SCC; N1-N2 metastatic cervical lymph nodes were also obtained. Irradiation consisted of single doses of between 2 Gy and 40 Gy and a fractionated course of 5×2 Gy. Cell death was assessed in the tissue effluent using the soluble markers lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cytochrome c and in the tissue by immunohistochemical detection of cleaved cytokeratin18 (M30 antibody). RESULTS A significant surge in LDH release was demonstrated in the rat liver after a single dose of 20 Gy; in HNSCC, it was seen after 40 Gy compared with the control. There was no significant difference in cytochrome c release after 5 Gy or 10 Gy. M30 demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in apoptotic index for a given increase in single-dose radiotherapy. There was a significant increase in apoptotic index between 1×2 Gy and 5×2 Gy. CONCLUSION M30 is a superior method compared with soluble markers in detecting low-dose radiation-induced cell death. This microfluidic technique can be used to assess radiation-induced cell death in HNSCC and therefore has the potential to be used to predict radiation response.
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Piccinini F, Bevilacqua A, Lucarelli E. Automated image mosaics by non-automated light microscopes: the MicroMos software tool. J Microsc 2013; 252:226-50. [PMID: 24111790 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Light widefield microscopes and digital imaging are the basis for most of the analyses performed in every biological laboratory. In particular, the microscope's user is typically interested in acquiring high-detailed images for analysing observed cells and tissues, meanwhile being representative of a wide area to have reliable statistics. The microscopist has to choose between higher magnification factor and extension of the observed area, due to the finite size of the camera's field of view. To overcome the need of arrangement, mosaicing techniques have been developed in the past decades for increasing the camera's field of view by stitching together more images. Nevertheless, these approaches typically work in batch mode and rely on motorized microscopes. Or alternatively, the methods are conceived just to provide visually pleasant mosaics not suitable for quantitative analyses. This work presents a tool for building mosaics of images acquired with nonautomated light microscopes. The method proposed is based on visual information only and the mosaics are built by incrementally stitching couples of images, making the approach available also for online applications. Seams in the stitching regions as well as tonal inhomogeneities are corrected by compensating the vignetting effect. In the experiments performed, we tested different registration approaches, confirming that the translation model is not always the best, despite the fact that the motion of the sample holder of the microscope is apparently translational and typically considered as such. The method's implementation is freely distributed as an open source tool called MicroMos. Its usability makes building mosaics of microscope images at subpixel accuracy easier. Furthermore, optional parameters for building mosaics according to different strategies make MicroMos an easy and reliable tool to compare different registration approaches, warping models and tonal corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Piccinini
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES), University of Bologna, Italy
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34
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Pan J, Li X, Chen Z, Yang F, Wu X, Li Y, Sun D, Yu Y. A beveled working electrode coupled to a sandglass shape detection cell: A strategy to improve the sensitivity of electrochemiluminescence detection in microchip electrophoresis. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Christodoulides N, Pierre FN, Sanchez X, Li L, Hocquard K, Patton A, Muldoon R, Miller CS, Ebersole JL, Redding S, Yeh CK, Furmaga WB, Wampler DA, Bozkurt B, Ballantyne CM, McDevitt JT. Programmable bio-nanochip technology for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease at the point-of-care. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2012; 8:6-12. [PMID: 22891104 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-8-1-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the world and continues to serve as the major contributor to healthcare costs. Likewise, there is an ever-increasing need and demand for novel and more efficient diagnostic tools for the early detection of cardiovascular disease, especially at the point-of-care (POC). This article reviews the programmable bio-nanochip (P-BNC) system, a new medical microdevice approach with the capacity to deliver both high performance and reduced cost. This fully integrated, total analysis system leverages microelectronic components, microfabrication techniques, and nanotechnology to noninvasively measure multiple cardiac biomarkers in complex fluids, such as saliva, while offering diagnostic accuracy equal to laboratory-confined reference methods. This article profiles the P-BNC approach, describes its performance in real-world testing of clinical samples, and summarizes new opportunities for medical microdevices in the field of cardiac diagnostics.
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Sharma P, Chopra A, Chaudhary S, Suri CR. Bio-nanomechanical Detection of Diabetic Marker HbA1c. BIONANOSCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-012-0055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chou J, Wong J, Christodoulides N, Floriano PN, Sanchez X, McDevitt J. Porous bead-based diagnostic platforms: bridging the gaps in healthcare. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 12:15467-99. [PMID: 23202219 PMCID: PMC3522972 DOI: 10.3390/s121115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in lab-on-a-chip systems have strong potential for multiplexed detection of a wide range of analytes with reduced sample and reagent volume; lower costs and shorter analysis times. The completion of high-fidelity multiplexed and multiclass assays remains a challenge for the medical microdevice field; as it struggles to achieve and expand upon at the point-of-care the quality of results that are achieved now routinely in remote laboratory settings. This review article serves to explore for the first time the key intersection of multiplexed bead-based detection systems with integrated microfluidic structures alongside porous capture elements together with biomarker validation studies. These strategically important elements are evaluated here in the context of platform generation as suitable for near-patient testing. Essential issues related to the scalability of these modular sensor ensembles are explored as are attempts to move such multiplexed and multiclass platforms into large-scale clinical trials. Recent efforts in these bead sensors have shown advantages over planar microarrays in terms of their capacity to generate multiplexed test results with shorter analysis times. Through high surface-to-volume ratios and encoding capabilities; porous bead-based ensembles; when combined with microfluidic elements; allow for high-throughput testing for enzymatic assays; general chemistries; protein; antibody and oligonucleotide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chou
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St MS-142, Houston, TX 77005, USA; E-Mails: (J.C.); (N.C.); (P.N.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Jorge Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Nicolaos Christodoulides
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St MS-142, Houston, TX 77005, USA; E-Mails: (J.C.); (N.C.); (P.N.F.); (X.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St MS-142, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Pierre N. Floriano
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St MS-142, Houston, TX 77005, USA; E-Mails: (J.C.); (N.C.); (P.N.F.); (X.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St MS-142, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Ximena Sanchez
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St MS-142, Houston, TX 77005, USA; E-Mails: (J.C.); (N.C.); (P.N.F.); (X.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St MS-142, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - John McDevitt
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St MS-142, Houston, TX 77005, USA; E-Mails: (J.C.); (N.C.); (P.N.F.); (X.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St MS-142, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Zhao X, Dong T. Multifunctional sample preparation kit and on-chip quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification tests for microbial detection. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8541-8. [PMID: 22985130 DOI: 10.1021/ac3020609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (Q-NASBA) microfluidic platform composed of a membrane-based sampling module, a sample preparation cassette, and a 24-channel Q-NASBA chip for environmental investigations on aquatic microorganisms. This low-cost and highly efficient sampling module, having seamless connection with the subsequent steps of sample preparation and quantitative detection, is designed for the collection of microbial communities from aquatic environments. Eight kinds of commercial membrane filters are relevantly analyzed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus as model microorganisms. After the microorganisms are concentrated on the membrane filters, the retentate can be easily conserved in a transport medium (TM) buffer and sent to a remote laboratory. A Q-NASBA-oriented sample preparation cassette is originally designed to extract DNA/RNA molecules directly from the captured cells on the membranes. Sequentially, the extract is analyzed within Q-NASBA chips that are compatible with common microplate readers in laboratories. Particularly, a novel analytical algorithmic method is developed for simple but robust on-chip Q-NASBA assays. The reported multifunctional microfluidic system could detect a few microorganisms quantitatively and simultaneously. Further research should be conducted to simplify and standardize ecological investigations on aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhao
- (IMST) Department of Micro and Nano Systems Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Marine Sciences, (HiVE) Vestfold University College, Norway
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PICCININI F, LUCARELLI E, GHERARDI A, BEVILACQUA A. Multi-image based method to correct vignetting effect in light microscopy images. J Microsc 2012; 248:6-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2012.03645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fu E, Yager P, Floriano PN, Christodoulides N, McDevitt JT. Perspective on diagnostics for global health. IEEE Pulse 2012; 2:40-50. [PMID: 22147068 DOI: 10.1109/mpul.2011.942766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elain Fu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Washington, USA.
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Giannobile WV, McDevitt JT, Niedbala RS, Malamud D. Translational and clinical applications of salivary diagnostics. Adv Dent Res 2012; 23:375-80. [PMID: 21917748 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511420434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in techniques for the detection of biomarker signals in the oral cavity (e.g., ELISAs for proteins, PCR for RNA and DNA) as well as the engineering and development of microfluidic approaches to make oral-based point-of-care (POC) methods for the diagnosis for both local and systemic conditions a reality. In this section, we focus on three such approaches, namely, periodontal disease management, early markers for systemic diseases, and salivary markers useful for pharmacogenomic studies. Novel approaches using non-invasive, salivary samples and user-friendly devices offer results that are as sensitive and specific as laboratory-based analyses using blood or urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- W V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics, Michigan Center for Oral Health Research, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA
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Shen J, Zhou Y, Lu T, Peng J, Lin Z, Huang L, Pang Y, Yu L, Huang Y. An integrated chip for immunofluorescence and its application to analyze lysosomal storage disorders. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:317-324. [PMID: 22124660 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20845d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Immunofluorescence (IF) is a common method to observe protein distribution and localization at the single-cell level through wide-field fluorescence or confocal microscopy. Conventional protocol for IF staining of cells typically requires a large amount of reagents, especially antibodies, and noticeable investment in both labor and time. Microfluidic technologies provide a cost-effective alternative: it can evaluate and optimize experimental conditions, and perform automatic and high-throughput IF staining on-chip. We employed this method to analyze lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) based on the expression and morphological distribution of LAMP1 and LC3 in starving cells. With pneumatic valves integrated on-chip, the parallel staining process can be completed within a few hours. The total consumption of each antibody solution for the whole experiment is merely 0.3 μL. This device provides a promising tool for automated high-throughput molecular imaging at cell level that can be applied for diagnostic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- College of Engineering, and Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Oliveira S, van Dongen GA, Walsum MSV, Roovers RC, Stam JC, Mali W, van Diest PJ, van Bergen en Henegouwen PM. Rapid Visualization of Human Tumor Xenografts through Optical Imaging with a Near-Infrared Fluorescent Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Nanobody. Mol Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Oliveira
- From Cell Biology and Biomolecular Imaging, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Radiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the Departments of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guus A.M.S. van Dongen
- From Cell Biology and Biomolecular Imaging, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Radiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the Departments of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Stigter-van Walsum
- From Cell Biology and Biomolecular Imaging, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Radiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the Departments of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob C. Roovers
- From Cell Biology and Biomolecular Imaging, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Radiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the Departments of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jord C. Stam
- From Cell Biology and Biomolecular Imaging, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Radiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the Departments of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem Mali
- From Cell Biology and Biomolecular Imaging, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Radiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the Departments of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J. van Diest
- From Cell Biology and Biomolecular Imaging, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Radiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the Departments of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M.P. van Bergen en Henegouwen
- From Cell Biology and Biomolecular Imaging, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Radiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the Departments of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Shaw KJ, Birch C, Hughes EM, Jakes AD, Greenman J, Haswell SJ. Microsystems for personalized biomolecular diagnostics. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Rivet C, Lee H, Hirsch A, Hamilton S, Lu H. Microfluidics for medical diagnostics and biosensors. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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McDevitt J, Weigum SE, Floriano PN, Christodoulides N, Redding SW, Yeh CK, McGuff S, Vigneswaran N, Thornhill MH, Williams MD. A new bio-nanochip sensor aids oral cancer detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [PMID: 21818462 DOI: 10.1117/2.1201102.003547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A diagnostic cytology-on-a-chip technique rapidly detects pre-malignant and malignant cells with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McDevitt
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
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47
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Rheologically biomimetic cell suspensions for decreased cell settling in microfluidic devices. Biomed Microdevices 2011; 13:549-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-011-9524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Jokerst JV, Chou J, Camp JP, Wong J, Lennart A, Pollard AA, Floriano PN, Christodoulides N, Simmons GW, Zhou Y, Ali MF, McDevitt JT. Location of biomarkers and reagents within agarose beads of a programmable bio-nano-chip. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:613-24. [PMID: 21290601 PMCID: PMC3397282 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The slow development of cost-effective medical microdevices with strong analytical performance characteristics is due to a lack of selective and efficient analyte capture and signaling. The recently developed programmable bio-nano-chip (PBNC) is a flexible detection device with analytical behavior rivaling established macroscopic methods. The PBNC system employs ≈300 μm-diameter bead sensors composed of agarose "nanonets" that populate a microelectromechanical support structure with integrated microfluidic elements. The beads are an efficient and selective protein-capture medium suitable for the analysis of complex fluid samples. Microscopy and computational studies probe the 3D interior of the beads. The relative contributions that the capture and detection of moieties, analyte size, and bead porosity make to signal distribution and intensity are reported. Agarose pore sizes ranging from 45 to 620 nm are examined and those near 140 nm provide optimal transport characteristics for rapid (<15 min) tests. The system exhibits efficient (99.5%) detection of bead-bound analyte along with low (≈2%) nonspecific immobilization of the detection probe for carcinoembryonic antigen assay. Furthermore, the role analyte dimensions play in signal distribution is explored, and enhanced methods for assay building that consider the unique features of biomarker size are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse V. Jokerst
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jie Chou
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James P. Camp
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jorge Wong
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alexis Lennart
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Amanda A. Pollard
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Pierre N. Floriano
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicolaos Christodoulides
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Glennon W. Simmons
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanjie Zhou
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mehnaaz F. Ali
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - John T. McDevitt
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lien KY, Chuang YH, Hung LY, Hsu KF, Lai WW, Ho CL, Chou CY, Lee GB. Rapid isolation and detection of cancer cells by utilizing integrated microfluidic systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2875-86. [PMID: 20927448 DOI: 10.1039/c005178k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports a new three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic platform capable of rapid isolation and detection of cancer cells from a large sample volume (e.g. ~1 mL) by utilizing magnetic microbead-based technologies. Several modules, including a 3D microfluidic incubator for the magnetic beads to capture cancer cells, a microfluidic control module for sample transportation and a nucleic acid amplification module for genetic identification, are integrated into this microsystem. With the incorporation of surface-modified magnetic beads, target cancer cells can be specifically recognized and conjugated onto the surface of the antibody-coated magnetic microbeads by utilizing a swirling effect generated by the new 3D microfluidic incubator, followed by isolating and purifying the magnetic complexes via the incorporation of an external magnet and a microfluidic control module, which washes away any unbound waste solution. Experimental results show that over 90% of the target cancer cells can be isolated from a large volume of bio-samples within 10 min in the 3D microfluidic incubator. In addition, the expressed genes associated with ovarian and lung cancer cells can also be successfully amplified by using the on-chip nucleic acid amplification module. More importantly, the detection limit of the developed system is found to be 5 × 10(1) cells mL(-1) for the target cancer cells, indicating that this proposed microfluidic system may be adapted for clinical use for the early detection of cancer cells. Consequently, the proposed 3D microfluidic system incorporated with immunomagnetic beads may provide a promising automated platform for the rapid isolation and detection of cancer cells with a high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yi Lien
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Microsystems Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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Paguirigan AL, Puccinelli JP, Su X, Beebe DJ. Expanding the available assays: adapting and validating In-Cell Westerns in microfluidic devices for cell-based assays. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2010; 8:591-601. [PMID: 20658945 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2010.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic methods for cellular studies can significantly reduce costs due to reduced reagent and biological specimen requirements compared with many traditional culture techniques. However, current types of readouts are limited and this lack of suitable readouts for microfluidic cultures has significantly hindered the application of microfluidics for cell-based assays. The In-Cell Western (ICW) technique uses quantitative immunocytochemistry and a laser scanner to provide an in situ measure of protein quantities in cells grown in microfluidic channels of arbitrary geometries. The use of ICWs in microfluidic channels was validated by a detailed comparison with current macroscale methods and shown to have excellent correlation. Transforming growth factor-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of an epithelial cell line was used as an example for further validation of the technique as a readout for soluble-factor-based assays performed in high-throughput microfluidic channels. The use of passive pumping for sample delivery and laser scanning for analysis opens the door to high-throughput quantitative microfluidic cell-based assays that integrate seamlessly with existing high-throughput infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Paguirigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
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