Mono- and dinuclear cobalt complexes with chelating or bridging bidentate P,N phosphino- and phosphinito-oxazoline ligands: synthesis, structures and catalytic ethylene oligomerisation

Magnetic anisotropy of two tetrahedral Co(II)-halide complexes with triphenylphosphine ligands

Recently, the choice of ligand and geometric control of mononuclear complexes, which can affect the relaxation pathways and blocking temperature, have received wide attention in the field of single-ion magnets (SIMs). To find out the influence of the coordination environment on SIMs, two four-coordinate mononuclear Co(II) complexes [NEt₄][Co(PPh₃)X₃] (X = Cl^-, 1; Br^-, 2) have been synthesized and studied by X-ray single crystallography, magnetic measurements, high-frequency and -field EPR (HF-EPR) spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Both complexes are in a cubic space group Pa3̄ (No. 205), containing a slightly distorted tetrahedral moiety with crystallographically imposed C_3v symmetry through the [Co(PPh₃)X₃]^- anion. The direct-current (dc) magnetic data and HF-EPR spectroscopy indicated the anisotropic S = 3/2 spin ground states of the Co(II) ions with the easy-plane anisotropy for 1 and 2. Ab initio calculations were performed to confirm the positive magnetic anisotropies of 1 and 2. Frequency- and temperature-dependent alternating-current (ac) magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed slow magnetic relaxation for 1 and 2 at an applied dc field. Finally, the magnetic properties of 1 and 2 were compared to those of other Co(II) complexes with a [CoAB₃] moiety.

Cationic Co(I)-Intermediates for Hydrofunctionalization Reactions: Regio- and Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalyzed 1,2-Hydroboration of 1,3-Dienes

Much of the recent work on catalytic hydroboration of alkenes has focused on simple alkenes and styrene derivatives with few examples of reactions of 1,3-dienes, which have been reported to undergo mostly 1,4-additions to give allylic boronates. We find that reduced cobalt catalysts generated from 1,n- bis-diphenylphosphinoalkane complexes [Ph₂P-(CH₂) _n-PPh₂]CoX₂; n = 1-5) or from (2-oxazolinyl)phenyldiarylphosphine complexes [(G-PHOX)CoX₂] (G = 4-substituent on oxazoline ring) effect selective 1,2-, 1,4-, or 4,3-additions of pinacolborane (HBPin) to a variety of 1,3-dienes depending on the ligands chosen. Conditions have been found to optimize the 1,2-additions. The reactive catalysts can be generated from the cobalt(II)-complexes using trimethylaluminum, methyl aluminoxane, or activated zinc in the presence of sodium tetrakis[(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBARF). The complex, (dppp)CoCl₂, gives the best results (ratio of 1,2- to 1,4-addition >95:5) for a variety of linear terminal 1,3-dienes and 2-substituted 1,3-dienes. The [(PHOX)CoX₂] (X = Cl, Br) complexes give mostly 1,4-addition with linear unsubstituted 1,3-dienes, but, surprisingly, selective 1,2-additions with 2-substituted or 2,3-disubstituted 1,3-dienes. Isolated and fully characterized (X-ray crystallography) Co(I)-complexes, (dppp)₃Co₂Cl₂ and [( S,S)-BDPP]₃Co₂Cl₂, do not catalyze the reaction unless activated by a Lewis acid or NaBARF, suggesting a key role for a cationic Co(I) species in the catalytic cycle. Regio- and enantioselective 1,2-hydroborations of 2-substituted 1,3-dienes are best accomplished using a catalyst prepared via activation of a chiral phosphinooxazoline-cobalt(II) complex with zinc and NaBARF. A number of common functional groups, among them, -OBn, -OTBS, -OTs, N-phthalimido- groups, are tolerated, and er's > 95:5 are obtained for several dienes including 1-alkenylcycloalk-1-enes. This operationally simple reaction expands the realm of asymmetric hydroboration to provide direct access to a number of nearly enantiopure homoallylic boronates, which are not readily accessible by current methods. The resulting boronates have been converted into the corresponding alcohols, potassium trifluororoborate salts, N-BOC amines, and aryl derivatives by C-BPin to C-aryl transformation.

PNN′ & P2NN′ ligands via reductive amination with phosphine aldehydes: synthesis and base-metal coordination chemistry

Phosphorus-donor “arms” are readily added to amines in order to enable sturdy base metal coordination.

Synthesis, structure, and optical properties of Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with oxazolyl- and pyridyl-functionalized DPPM-type ligands: a combined experimental and theoretical study

New square-planar complexes [Pt(1(-H))2] (2a) [1(-H) = (oxazolin-2-yl)bis(diphenylphosphino)methanide] and [Pd(1(-H))2] (2b), of general formula [M{(Ph2P)2C---C---NCH2CH2O}2] (M = Pt, 2a; M = Pd, 2b), result from deprotonation of 2-{bis(diphenylphosphino)methyl}oxazoline (1) at the PCHP site. The new, functionalized dppm-type ligand 4-{bis(diphenylphosphino)methyl}pyridine, (Ph2P)2CH(4-C5H4N) (4), was prepared by double lithiation and phosphorylation of 4-picoline. In the presence of NEt3, the reactions of 2 equiv of 4 with [PtCl2(NCPh)2] and [Pd(acac)2] (acac = acetylacetonate) afforded [Pt(4(-H))2] (5a) [4(-H) = bis(diphenylphosphino)(pyridin-4-yl)methanide] and [Pd(4(-H))2] (5b), of general formula [M{(Ph2P)2C(4-C5H4N)}2] (M = Pt, 5a; M = Pd, 5b), respectively. In the absence of base, the reactions of 2 equiv of 4 with [PtCl2(NCPh)2] and [PdCl2(NCPh)2] afforded (5a·2HCl) (6a) and (5b·2HCl) (6b), respectively, in which the PCHP proton of 4 has migrated from carbon to nitrogen to give a pyridinium derivative of general formula [M{(Ph2P)2C(4-C5H4NH)}2]Cl2 (M = Pt, 6a; M = Pd, 6b). The complexes 3a, 5a·2MeOH, and 6b·4CH2Cl2 have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. The absorption/emission properties of the Pt(II) complexes 2a and 5a and the Pd(II) complexes 2b and 5b have been investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy and theoretical analysis based on density functional theory. The UV-vis absorption spectra of the neutral complexes recorded in dilute N,N'-dimethylformamide solutions are dominated by intense spin-allowed intraligand transitions in the region below 350 nm. The complexes exhibit charge-transfer bands between 350 and 500 nm. The experimental and theoretical absorption spectra agree qualitatively and point to two low-lying ligand-to-metal charge transfer states that contribute to the bands observed between 350 and 500 nm. The complexes are emissive in frozen solutions at 77 K, in the pure solid state, and when doped into films of poly(methyl methacrylate) but are nonemissive in solution. A red shift is observed when Pt(II) is replaced by Pd(II).

P-Cl bond-induced lactamization of 2(2'-hydroxyl)phenyloxazoline to form a cyclic phosphinite, 3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-phenyl-2H-benzo[e][1,3,2]oxaza-phosphinin-4(3H)-one: synthesis, structural studies and transition metal complexes

The equimolar reaction between 2(2'-hydroxy)phenyloxazoline (1) and PPhCl2 in the presence of triethylamine afforded an unexpected cyclic product, phenyl-benzo-oxazaphosphininone (2), instead of a simple phosphinite derivative A. A similar reaction between 1 and PPhCl2 in 2 : 1 ratio also yielded the same product 2, but with one equivalent of 2(2'-hydroxy)phenyloxazoline (1) left unreacted. The formation of the cyclic product 2 is due to the P-Cl bond induced oxazoline ring opening followed by the formation of a six-membered γ-lactam type product, 3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-phenyl-2H-benzo[e][1,3,2]oxazaphosphinin-4(3H)-one (2 also referred to as L). The reactions of 2 with H2O2, elemental sulphur or elemental selenium yielded the corresponding chalcogenides, LE (3, E = O; 4, E = S; 5, E = Se) in quantitative yield. Treatment of 2 with [Ru(η(6)-Cymene)Cl2]2, [Pd(COD)Cl2] and [Pd(η(3)-C3H5)Cl]2 resulted in the formation of [RuCl2(η(6)-cymene)(L)] (6), [PdCl2{L}2] (7), and [Pd(η(3)-C3H5)Cl(L)] (8), respectively. The compound 2 obtained in the 2 : 1 reaction when treated with [Pd(η(3)-C3H5)Cl]2 gave the same palladium complex 8 (referred to as 9a), but co-crystallized with bis(oxazolyl)palladacycle (9b) as confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis.

Computational design of ruthenium hydride olefin-hydrogenation catalysts containing hemilabile ligands,

Three ruthenium hydridocarbonyl complexes containing bidentate hemilabile ligands have been evaluated as possible catalysts for the H2 hydrogenation of olefins. Our previous investigations of the mainstay hydridoruthenium catalyst, RuHCl(CO)(PR3)2 (1), indicated that the rate-limiting olefin-insertion barrier was increased by the need for an H2 molecule to act as a stabilizing two-electron donor. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have determined that a P,N phosphane-oxazoline would be suitable for stabilizing the metal center of the complex RuHCl(CO)(PiPr3)(DZ), where DZ is a neutral bidentate hemilable ligand. In the reaction catalyzed by this complex, the olefin insertion occurs before the coordination of H2, avoiding the entropic penalty of coordinating H2. We predict that the phosphane-oxazoline containing catalyst will have higher activity than 1 and a different rate-law, zero-order in [H2]. The oxazoline increases the strength of coordination of the ethylene due to stronger back-donation from destabilized Ru d-orbitals to the ethylene π* molecular orbital.

N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-[3-(p-tolyl)triazen-1-yl]benzamide

In the solid state, the structure of the title compound, C₁₆H₁₈N₄O₂, is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds arrange the mol­ecules into a double-layer supra­molecular structure. The mol­ecular conformation is is consolidated by an intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 8.01 (10)°

Synthesis, structure, magnetic and catalytic properties of new dinuclear chromium(III) complexes with oxazoline alcoholate ligands

The dinuclear chromium complexes [Cr(2)(N,O)(3)Cl(3)] (6) (N,O = 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolylmethanolate), [Cr(2)(N,O(Me2))(2)(EtOH)(2)Cl(4)] (7) and [Cr(2)(N,O(Me2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)Cl(4)] (8) (N,O(Me2) = 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolyldimethylmethanolate) have been prepared and characterized, including by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 6 is unsymmetrical, with two chloride ligands terminally bound to one Cr atom, whereas 7 and 8 (in 8 x C(4)H(8)O) which contain two molecules of coordinated ethanol or water, respectively, are centrosymmetric. These chromium complexes are paramagnetic, and the magnetic properties of 6 and 7 in the solid state correspond to antiferromagnetic behaviour, which was confirmed by DFT calculations of their electronic structures. Complexes 6-8 were evaluated in the catalytic oligomerization and/or polymerization of ethylene with different aluminium-based cocatalysts, and MMAO proved to be the most effective one. In the presence of MMAO, the influence of different reaction parameters, such as the Al/Cr molar ratio, reaction temperature and ethylene pressure, was investigated. Complex 7 showed the highest activity for ethylene polymerization at both 1 atm and 10 atm of ethylene pressure, up to 620 000 g mol(-1)(Cr) h(-1) in the latter case.