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Pettinari R, Marchetti F, Tombesi A, Duan F, Zhou L, Messori L, Giacomelli C, Marchetti L, Trincavelli ML, Marzo T, La Mendola D, Balducci G, Alessio E. Ruthenium(II) 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane complexes of curcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin: Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 218:111387. [PMID: 33721720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two cationic ruthenium(II) 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane ([9]aneS3) complexes of curcumin (curcH) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (bdcurcH), namely [Ru(curc)(dmso-S)([9]aneS3)]Cl (1) and [Ru(bdcurc)(dmso-S)([9]aneS3)]Cl (2) were prepared from the [RuCl2(dmso-S)([9]-aneS3)] precursor and structurally characterized, both in solution and in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. The corresponding PTA complexes [Ru(curc)(PTA)([9]aneS3)]Cl (3) and [Ru(bdcurc)(PTA)([9]aneS3)]Cl (4) have been also synthesized and characterized (PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane). Bioinorganic studies relying on mass spectrometry were performed on complexes 1-4 to assess their interactions with the model protein lysozyme. Overall, a rather limited reactivity with lysozyme was highlighted accompanied by a modest cytotoxic potency against three representative cancer cell lines. The moderate pharmacological activity is likely connected to the relatively high stability of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Pettinari
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Alessia Tombesi
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Fenghe Duan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Liming Zhou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Giacomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Balducci
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste, Italy
| | - Enzo Alessio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste, Italy
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Haiduc I. Inverse coordination metal complexes with oxalate and sulfur, selenium and nitrogen analogues as coordination centers. Topology and systematization. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1789120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Haiduc
- Facultatea de Chimie, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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3
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High-resolution crystal structures of a “half sandwich”-type Ru(II) coordination compound bound to hen egg-white lysozyme and proteinase K. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:635-645. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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4
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Chemistry and reactivity of ruthenium(II) complexes: DNA/protein binding mode and anticancer activity are related to the complex structure. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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5
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Bratsos I, Alessio E. The Pivotal Role of Ru-dmso Compounds in the Discovery of Well-Behaved Precursors. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bratsos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN); Department of Physical Chemistry; NCSR “DEMOKRITOS”; Aghia Paraskevi Attikis 153 10 Athens Greece
| | - Enzo Alessio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste; Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
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Synthesis, reactivities and anti-cancer properties of ruthenium(II) complexes with a thiaether macrocyclic ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Burke CS, Keyes TE. An efficient route to asymmetrically diconjugated tris(heteroleptic) complexes of Ru(ii). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06086b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient and versatile route to the preparation of tris(heteroleptic) Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes is described which permits access to two or more independently conjugatable termini in the final structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Burke
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
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Rilak A, Puchta R, Bugarčić ŽD. Mechanism of the reactions of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes with thiourea, sulfur-containing amino acids and nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Tripathy SK, Taviti AC, Dehury N, Sahoo A, Pal S, Beuria TK, Patra S. Synthesis, characterisation and antibacterial activity of [(p-cym)RuX(L)]+/2+ (X = Cl, H2O; L = bpmo, bpms) complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:5114-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03647f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple replacement of Cl− by H2O in {(p-cym)RuII(L)X]n+ (X = Cl or H2O) complexes enhances antibacterial activity significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Tripathy
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | | | - Niranjan Dehury
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | - Anupam Sahoo
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | - Satyanaryan Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- Ravenshaw University
- Cuttack-753 003
- India
| | | | - Srikanta Patra
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar
- Bhubaneswar
- India
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Agarwala H, Scherer TM, Mobin SM, Kaim W, Lahiri GK. Bidirectional non-innocence of the β-diketonato ligand 9-oxidophenalenone (L-) in [Ru([9]aneS3)(L)(dmso)]n, [9]aneS3 = 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:3939-48. [PMID: 24448427 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53069h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The new compound [Ru(II)([9]aneS3)(L)(dmso)]ClO4 ([]ClO4) ([9]aneS3 = 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane, HL = 9-hydroxyphenalenone, dmso = dimethylsulfoxide) has been structurally characterised to reveal almost equal C-O bond distances of coordinated L(-), suggesting a delocalised bonding situation of the β-diketonato ligand. The dmso ligand is coordinated via the sulfur atom in the native (1+) and reduced states (1 and 1-) as has been revealed by X-ray crystallography and by DFT calculations. Cyclic voltammetry of 1+ exhibits two close-lying one-electron oxidation waves at 0.77 V and 0.94 V, and two similarly close one-electron reduction processes at -1.43 V and -1.56 V versus SCE in CH2Cl2. The electronic structures of 1n in the accessible redox states have been analysed via experiments (EPR and UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry) and by DFT/TD-DFT calculations, revealing the potential for bidirectional non-innocent behaviour of coordinated L(˙/-/˙2-). Specifically, the studies establish significant involvement of L based frontier orbitals in both the oxidation and reduction processes: [([9]aneS3)(dmso)Ru(III)-L˙](3+) (1(3+)) ⇌ [([9]aneS3)(dmso)Ru(III)-L(-)](2+)/[([9]aneS3)(dmso)Ru(II)-L˙](2+) (1(2+)) ⇌ [([9]aneS3)(dmso)Ru(II)-L(-)](+) (1(+)) ⇌ [([9]aneS3)(dmso)Ru(II)-L(˙2-)] (1) ⇌ [([9]aneS3)(dmso)Ru(II)-L(3-)](-)/[([9]aneS3)(dmso)Ru(I)-L(˙2-)](-) (1-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Agarwala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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Rilak A, Bratsos I, Zangrando E, Kljun J, Turel I, Bugarčić ŽD, Alessio E. New water-soluble ruthenium(II) terpyridine complexes for anticancer activity: synthesis, characterization, activation kinetics, and interaction with guanine derivatives. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:6113-26. [PMID: 24884156 DOI: 10.1021/ic5005215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of assessing whether ruthenium(II) compounds with meridional geometry might be utilized as potential antitumor agents, a series of new, water-soluble, monofunctional ruthenium(II) complexes of the general formula mer-[Ru(L3)(N-N)X][Y]n (where L3 = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (tpy) or 4'-chloro-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (Cl-tpy), N-N = 1,2-diaminoethane (en), 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (dach), or 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy); X = Cl or dmso-S; Y = Cl, PF6, or CF3SO3; n = 1 or 2, depending on the nature of X) were synthesized. All complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV/visible, and 1D and 2D NMR), and for three of them, i.e., [Ru(Cl-tpy)(bpy)Cl][Cl] (3Cl), [Ru(Cl-tpy)(en)(dmso-S)][Y]2 [Y = PF6 (6PF6), CF3SO3 (6OTf)] and [Ru(Cl-tpy)(bpy)(dmso-S)][CF3SO3]2 (8OTf), the X-ray structure was also determined. The new terpyridine complexes, with the exception of 8, are well soluble in water (>25 mg/mL). (1)H and (31)P NMR spectroscopy studies performed on the three selected complexes [Ru(Cl-tpy)(N-N)Cl](+) [N-N = en (1), dach (2), and bpy (3)] demonstrated that, after hydrolysis of the Cl ligand, they are capable of interacting with guanine derivatives [i.e., 9-methylguanine (9MeG) or guanosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP)] through N7, forming monofunctional adducts with rates and extents that depend strongly on the nature of N-N: 1 ≈ 2 ≫ 3. In addition, compound 1 shows high selectivity toward 5'-GMP compared to adenosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-AMP), in a competition experiment. Quantitative kinetic investigations on 1 and 2 were performed by means of UV/visible spectroscopy. Overall, the complexes with bidentate aliphatic diamines proved to be superior to those with bpy in terms of solubility and reactivity (i.e., release of Cl(-) and capability to bind guanine derivatives). Contrary to the chlorido compounds, the corresponding dmso derivatives proved to be inert (viz., they do not release the monodentate ligand) in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rilak
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac , R. Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Kljun J, Bratsos I, Alessio E, Psomas G, Repnik U, Butinar M, Turk B, Turel I. New uses for old drugs: attempts to convert quinolone antibacterials into potential anticancer agents containing ruthenium. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9039-52. [PMID: 23886077 DOI: 10.1021/ic401220x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Continuing the study of the physicochemical and biological properties of ruthenium-quinolone adducts, four novel complexes with the general formula [Ru([9]aneS3)(dmso-κS)(quinolonato-κ(2)O,O)](PF6), containing the quinolones levofloxacin (1), nalidixic acid (2), oxolinic acid (3), and cinoxacin (4), were prepared and characterized in solid state as well as in solution. Contrary to their organoruthenium analogues, these complexes are generally relatively stable in aqueous solution as substitution of the dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) ligand is slow and not quantitative, and a minor release of the quinolonato ligand is observed only in the case of 4. The complexes bind to serum proteins displaying relatively high binding constants. DNA binding was studied using UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and performing viscosity measurements of CT DNA solutions in the presence of complexes 1-4. These experiments show that the ruthenium complexes interact with DNA via intercalation. Possible electrostatic interactions occur in the case of compound 4, which also shows the most pronounced rate of hydrolysis. Compounds 2 and 4 also exhibit a weak inhibition of cathepsins B and S, which are involved in the progression of a number of diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, complex 2 displayed moderate cytotoxicity when tested on the HeLa cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Kljun
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mijatović A, Šmit B, Rilak A, Petrović B, Čanović D, Bugarčić ŽD. NMR kinetic studies of the interactions between [Ru(terpy)(bipy)(H2O)]2+ and some sulfur-donor ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Rilak A, Bratsos I, Zangrando E, Kljun J, Turel I, Bugarčić ŽD, Alessio E. Factors that influence the antiproliferative activity of half sandwich Ru(II)-[9]aneS3 coordination compounds: activation kinetics and interaction with guanine derivatives. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:11608-18. [PMID: 22903512 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31225e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Half sandwich Ru(II)-[9]aneS3 complexes ([9]aneS3 = 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane) are being studied for their antiproliferative activity. We investigated here the activation kinetics of three such complexes, namely [Ru([9]aneS3)(en)Cl](PF(6)) (1), [Ru([9]aneS3)(bpy)Cl](PF(6)) (2) and [Ru([9]aneS3)(pic)Cl] (3) (en = 1,2-diaminoethane, pic = picolinate), and their interaction with DNA model bases. The aim of the study was to assess how they are affected by the nature and charge of the chelating ligand. The model reactions of 1-3 with the guanine derivatives 9-methylguanine (9MeG), guanosine (Guo), and guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP) were studied by NMR spectroscopy. All reactions lead, although with different rates and to different extents, to the formation of monofunctional adducts with the guanine derivatives N7-bonded to the Ru center. Two products, the complexes [Ru([9]aneS3)(en)(9MeG-N7)](PF(6))(2) (4) and [Ru([9]aneS3)(pic)(9MeG-N7)](PF(6)) (10), were structurally characterized also by X-ray crystallography. The structure of 4 is stabilized by strong intramolecular H-bonding between an NH of en and the carbonyl O6 of 9MeG. The kinetics of aquation and anation of complexes 2 and 3, as well as the kinetics and the mechanism of the reaction of complexes 1-3 with the biologically more relevant 5'-GMP ligand were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The rate of the reaction of 1-3 with 5'-GMP depends on the nature of the chelating ligand rather than on the charge of the complex, decreasing in the order 3≈2 > 1. The measured enthalpies and entropies of activation (ΔH(≠) > 0, ΔS(≠) < 0) support an associative mechanism for the substitution process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rilak
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovića 12, P. O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Levason W, Reid G. Hetero-Crown Ethers-Synthesis and Metal-Binding Properties of Macrocyclic Ligands Bearing Group 16 (S, Se, Te) Donor Atoms. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Bratsos I, Mitri E, Ravalico F, Zangrando E, Gianferrara T, Bergamo A, Alessio E. New half sandwich Ru(ii) coordination compounds for anticancer activity. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:7358-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bratsos I, Simonin C, Zangrando E, Gianferrara T, Bergamo A, Alessio E. New half sandwich-type Ru(ii) coordination compounds characterized by the fac-Ru(dmso-S)3 fragment: influence of the face-capping group on the chemical behavior and in vitro anticancer activity. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:9533-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Bratsos I, Urankar D, Zangrando E, Genova-Kalou P, Košmrlj J, Alessio E, Turel I. 1-(2-Picolyl)-substituted 1,2,3-triazole as novel chelating ligand for the preparation of ruthenium complexes with potential anticancer activity. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:5188-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01807d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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De P, Maji S, Dutta Chowdhury A, Mobin SM, Kumar Mondal T, Paretzki A, Lahiri GK. Ruthenium nitrosyl complexes with 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane and 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) or 2-phenylazopyridine (pap) coligands. Electronic structure and reactivity aspects. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12527-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10761e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Walker JM, McEwan A, Pycko R, Tassotto ML, Gottardo C, Th'ng J, Wang R, Spivak GJ. [Tris(pyrazolyl)methane]ruthenium Complexes Capable of Inhibiting Cancer Cell Growth. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gianferrara T, Bratsos I, Iengo E, Milani B, Ostrić A, Spagnul C, Zangrando E, Alessio E. Synthetic strategies towards ruthenium-porphyrin conjugates for anticancer activity. Dalton Trans 2009:10742-56. [PMID: 20023904 DOI: 10.1039/b911393b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conjugation of porphyrins to metal fragments is a strategy for making new compounds that are expected to combine the phototoxicity and the tumour-localization properties of the porphyrin chromophore with the cytotoxicity of the metal fragment for additive antitumour effect. We report here the preparation of new classes of porphyrin-ruthenium conjugates with potential bio-medical applications. Ruthenium was chosen because several Ru compounds have shown promising anticancer activity. The conjugation with the porphyrin moiety was accomplished either through peripheral pyridyl rings (e.g.meso-4'-tetrapyridylporphyrin, 4'TPyP) or through bpy units (e.g.meso-(p-bpy-phenyl)porphyrins, bpy(n)-PPs, n = 1-4). The number of Ru fragments attached to the porphyrins ranges from 1 to 4 and the total charge of the conjugates from -4 to +8. Different types of peripheral fragments, both Ru(III) and Ru(II), have been used: in some cases they are structurally similar to established anticancer compounds. Examples are [Na](4)[4'TPyP{trans-RuCl(4)(dmso-S)}(4)] (2), that bears four NAMI-type Ru(III) fragments, or [4'TPyP{Ru([9]aneS3)(en)}(4)][CF(3)SO(3)](8) (3) and [bpy(4)-PP{Ru([9]aneS3)(dmso-S)}(4)][CF(3)SO(3)](8) (9) (en = ethane-1,2-diamine, [9]aneS3 = 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane) that have four half-sandwich Ru(II) compounds. The Ru fragments may either contain one or more labile ligands, such as in 2 or in 9, or be coordinatively saturated and substitutionally inert, such as in 3 or in [bpy(4)-PP{Ru([12]aneS4)}(4)][CF(3)SO(3)](8) (11) ([12]aneS4 = 1,4,7,10-tetrathiacyclododecane). Most of the ruthenium-porphyrin conjugates described in this work are soluble--at least moderately--in aqueous solution and are thus suitable for biological investigations, in particular for cytotoxicity and photo-cytotoxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gianferrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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Bratsos I, Jedner S, Bergamo A, Sava G, Gianferrara T, Zangrando E, Alessio E. Half-sandwich RuII[9]aneS3 complexes structurally similar to antitumor-active organometallic piano-stool compounds: Preparation, structural characterization and in vitro cytotoxic activity. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:1120-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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