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Kumar N, Chamoli P, Misra M, Manoj MK, Sharma A. Advanced metal and carbon nanostructures for medical, drug delivery and bio-imaging applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3987-4017. [PMID: 35244647 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07643d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) offer great promise for biomedical, environmental, and clinical applications due to their several unique properties as compared to their bulk counterparts. In this review article, we overview various types of metal NPs and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in monolithic form as well as embedded into polymer matrices for specific drug delivery and bio-imaging fields. The second part of this review covers important carbon nanostructures that have gained tremendous attention recently in such medical applications due to their ease of fabrication, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability at both cellular and molecular levels for phototherapy, radio-therapeutics, gene-delivery, and biotherapeutics. Furthermore, various applications and challenges involved in the use of NPs as biomaterials are also discussed following the future perspectives of the use of NPs in biomedicine. This review aims to contribute to the applications of different NPs in medicine and healthcare that may open up new avenues to encourage wider research opportunities across various disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, SOE, O.P. Jindal University, Raigarh 496109, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Pankaj Chamoli
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Department of Physics, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mrinmoy Misra
- Department of Mechatronics, School of Automobile, Mechanical and Mechatronics, Manipal University Jaipur, 303007 Rajasthan, India
| | - M K Manoj
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon-16499, South Korea.
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2
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Bindu Ramesan A, Vittala SK, Joseph J. DNA condensation and formation of ultrathin nanosheets via DNA assisted self-assembly of an amphiphilic fullerene derivative. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 226:112352. [PMID: 34798504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology propose various assembly strategies to develop novel functional nanostructures utilizing unique interactions of DNA with small molecules, nanoparticles, polymers, and other biomolecules. Although, well defined nanostructures of DNA and amphiphilic small molecules were achieved through hybridization of covalently modified DNA, attaining precise organization of functional moieties through non-covalent interactions remain as a challenging task. Herein, we report mutually assisted assembly of an amphiphilic fullerene derivative and various DNA structures through non-covalent interactions, which leads to initial DNA condensation and subsequent assembly yielding ordered fullerene-DNA nanosheets. The molecular design of the cationic, amphiphilic fullerene derivative (FPy) ensures molecular solubility in the 10% DMSO-PBS buffer system and facile interactions with DNA through groove binding and electrostatic interactions of fullerene moiety and positively charged pyridinium moiety, respectively. The formation of FPy/DNA nanostructures were thoroughly investigated in the presence of λ-DNA, pBR322 plasmid DNA, and single and double stranded 20-mer oligonucleotides using UV-visible spectroscopy, AFM and TEM analysis. λ-DNA and pBR322 plasmid DNA readily condense in presence of FPy leading to micrometer sized few layer nanosheets with significant crystallinity due to ordered arrangement of fullerenes. Similarly, single and double stranded 20-mer oligonucleotides also interact efficiently with FPy and form highly crystalline nanosheets, signifying the role of electrostatic interaction and subsequent charge neutralization in the condensation triggered assembly. However, there is significant differences in the crystallinity and ordered arrangements of fullerenes between these two cases, where longer DNA form condensed structures and less ordered nanosheets while short oligonucleotides lead to more ordered and highly crystalline nanosheets, which could be attributed to the differential DNA condensation. Finally, we have demonstrated the addressability of the assembly using a cyanine modified single strand DNA, which also forms highly crystalline nanosheets and exhibit efficient quenching of the cyanine fluorescence upon self-assembly. These results open up new prospects in the development of functional DNA nanostructures through non-covalent interactions and hence have potential applications in the context of DNA nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bindu Ramesan
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sandeepa Kulala Vittala
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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3
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Lo R, Manna D, Lamanec M, Wang W, Bakandritsos A, Dračínský M, Zbořil R, Nachtigallová D, Hobza P. Addition Reaction between Piperidine and C 60 to Form 1,4-Disubstituted C 60 Proceeds through van der Waals and Dative Bond Complexes: Theoretical and Experimental Study. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10930-10939. [PMID: 34266233 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A combined computational and experimental study reveals the character of the C60 complexes with piperidine formed under different reaction conditions. The IR and NMR experiments detect the dative bond complex, which according to NMR, is stable in the oxygen-free environment and transforms to the adduct complex in the presence of O2. Computational studies on the character of reaction channels rationalize the experimental observations. They show that the piperidine dimer rather than a single piperidine molecule is required for the complex formation. The calculations reveal significant differences in the dative bond and adduct complexes' character, suggesting a considerable versatility in their electronic properties modulated by the environment. This capability offers new application potential in several fields, such as in energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindranath Lo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Debashree Manna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maximilián Lamanec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, tr. 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Weizhou Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
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4
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Illescas BM, Pérez-Sánchez A, Mallo A, Martín-Domenech Á, Rodríguez-Crespo I, Martín N. Multivalent cationic dendrofullerenes for gene transfer: synthesis and DNA complexation. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:4505-4515. [PMID: 32369088 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral nucleic acid vectors able to display high transfection efficiencies with low toxicity and overcoming the multiple biological barriers are needed to further develop the clinical applications of gene therapy. The synthesis of hexakis-adducts of [60]fullerene endowed with 12, 24 and 36 positive ammonium groups and a tridecafullerene appended with 120 positive charges has been performed. The delivery of a plasmid containing the green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene into HEK293 (Human Embryonic Kidney) cells resulting in effective gene expression has demonstrated the efficacy of these compounds to form polyplexes with DNA. Particularly, giant tridecafullerene macromolecules have shown higher efficiency in the complexation and transfection of DNA. Thus, they can be considered as promising non-viral vectors for transfection purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz M Illescas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Pérez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Araceli Mallo
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Ángel Martín-Domenech
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | | | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain. and IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Garrido M, Gualandi L, Di Noja S, Filippini G, Bosi S, Prato M. Synthesis and applications of amino-functionalized carbon nanomaterials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12698-12716. [PMID: 33016290 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05316c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted considerable attention in the scientific community both from a scientific and an industrial point of view. Fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and carbon dots (CDs) are the most popular forms and continue to be widely studied. However, the general poor solubility of many of these materials in most common solvents and their strong tendency to aggregate remains a major obstacle in practical applications. To solve these problems, organic chemistry offers formidable help, through the exploitation of tailored approaches, especially when aiming at the integration of nanostructures in biological systems. According to our experience with carbon-based nanostructures, the introduction of amino groups is one of the best trade-offs for the preparation of functionalized nanomaterials. Indeed, amino groups are well-known for enhancing the dispersion, solubilization, and processability of materials, in particular of CNMs. Amino groups are characterized by basicity, nucleophilicity, and formation of hydrogen or halogen bonding. All these features unlock new strategies for the interaction between nanomaterials and other molecules. This integration can occur either through covalent bonds (e.g., via amide coupling) or in a supramolecular fashion. In the present Feature Article, the attention will be focused through selected examples of our approach to the synthetic pathways necessary for the introduction of amino groups in CNMs and the subsequent preparation of highly engineered ad hoc nanostructures for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR, Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Gualandi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR, Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Simone Di Noja
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR, Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR, Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR, Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR, Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy. and Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain and Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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6
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Mesci S, Gül M, Eryılmaz S, Lis T, Szafert S, Yıldırım T. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of isoindole compounds in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Vittala SK, Han D. DNA-Guided Assemblies toward Nanoelectronic Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2702-2722. [PMID: 35025404 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeepa Kulala Vittala
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Da Han
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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8
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Kulala Vittala S, Joseph J. Chiral self-assembly of fullerene clusters on CT-DNA templates. Faraday Discuss 2019; 207:459-469. [PMID: 29359217 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00196g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we discuss the differential interaction of three monosubstituted fullerene derivatives possessing pyridinium, aniline or phenothiazine end groups (F-Py, F-An and F-PTz, respectively) with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA), probed via spectroscopic and imaging techniques. The pyridinium derivative, F-Py becomes molecularly dissolved in 10% DMSO-PBS and interacts with CT-DNA via groove binding and electrostatic interactions, leading to the initial condensation of CT-DNA into micrometer sized aggregates and subsequent precipitation. On the other hand, the aniline derivative F-An, which is reported to form nanoclusters of 3-5 nm size, interacts with DNA through ordered, chiral assemblies on the CT-DNA template, thus perturbing the highly networked structure of CT-DNA to form nanonetworks, which eventually transform into condensed aggregates. The binding interactions between CT-DNA and F-An nanoclusters were established via UV-Vis, AFM and TEM analysis, and the chiral nature of the fullerene nanocluster assemblies on CT-DNA was confirmed by the presence of induced circular dichroism that was exhibited around the 250-370 nm region, corresponding to F-An nanocluster absorption. In contrast, the phenothiazine derivative F-PTz, which forms larger nanoclusters of ∼70 nm size in 10% DMSO-PBS, exhibited only weak interactions with CT-DNA without affecting its network structure. These results demonstrate the role of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance in the design of DNA interacting fullerene derivatives by controlling their cluster size and interactions with CT-DNA, and are significant in applications such as DNA condensation, gene delivery and dimension controlled nanomaterial fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeepa Kulala Vittala
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India.
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9
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Mohajeri M, Behnam B, Sahebkar A. Biomedical applications of carbon nanomaterials: Drug and gene delivery potentials. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:298-319. [PMID: 30078182 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the major components in the development of nanomedicines is the choice of the right biomaterial, which notably determines the subsequent biological responses. The popularity of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) has been on the rise due to their numerous applications in the fields of drug delivery, bioimaging, tissue engineering, and biosensing. Owing to their considerably high surface area, multifunctional surface chemistry, and excellent optical activity, novel functionalized CNMs possess efficient drug-loading capacity, biocompatibility, and lack of immunogenicity. Over the past few decades, several advances have been made on the functionalization of CNMs to minimize their health concerns and enhance their biosafety. Recent evidence has also implied that CNMs can be functionalized with bioactive peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and drugs to achieve composites with remarkably low toxicity and high pharmaceutical efficiency. This review focuses on the three main classes of CNMs, including fullerenes, graphenes, and carbon nanotubes, and their recent biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behzad Behnam
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Abstract
Although viral vectors comprise the majority of gene delivery vectors, their various safety, production, and other practical concerns have left a research gap to be addressed. The non-viral vector space encompasses a growing variety of physical and chemical methods capable of gene delivery into the nuclei of target cells. Major physical methods described in this chapter are microinjection, electroporation, and ballistic injection, magnetofection, sonoporation, optical transfection, and localized hyperthermia. Major chemical methods described in this chapter are lipofection, polyfection, gold complexation, and carbon-based methods. Combination approaches to improve transfection efficiency or reduce immunological response have shown great promise in expanding the scope of non-viral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hong Sum
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shirley Wong
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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11
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Jin Y. pH-Sensitive graphene oxide conjugate purpurin-18 methyl ester photosensitizer nanocomplex in photodynamic therapy. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00439k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A GO–Pu18 composite showed excellent photodynamic bioactivity and pH-sensitive drug release behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials of Heilongjiang Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials of Heilongjiang Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials of Heilongjiang Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Yingxue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials of Heilongjiang Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin
- China
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12
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Jiménez Blanco JL, Benito JM, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. Molecular nanoparticle-based gene delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Hiroto S, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2910-3043. [PMID: 27709907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the postfunctionalization of porphyrins and related compounds through catalytic and stoichiometric organometallic methodologies. The employment of organometallic reactions has become common in porphyrin synthesis. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now standard techniques for constructing carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin synthesis. In addition, iridium- or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of porphyrins is emerging as an efficient way to install various substituents onto porphyrins. Furthermore, the copper-mediated Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has become a frequent strategy to incorporate porphyrin units into functional molecules. The use of these organometallic techniques, along with the traditional porphyrin synthesis, now allows chemists to construct a wide range of highly elaborated and complex porphyrin architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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14
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Nitta H, Minami K, Harano K, Nakamura E. DNA Binding of Pentaamino[60]fullerene Synthesized Using Click Chemistry. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.141092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Koji Harano
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo
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15
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Li J, Nye LC, Wasserthal LK, Vinh C, Kirschbaum RW, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Hirsch A, Drewello T. Formation of Highly Charged Quasi-Molecular Ions of a Polycationic [60]Fullerene Hexakis-Adduct and Their Fragmentation Behavior in the Gas Phase. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Campisciano V, La Parola V, Liotta LF, Giacalone F, Gruttadauria M. Fullerene-ionic-liquid conjugates: a new class of hybrid materials with unprecedented properties. Chemistry 2015; 21:3327-34. [PMID: 25589382 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A modular approach has been followed for the synthesis of a series of fullerene-ionic-liquid (IL) hybrids in which the number of IL moieties (two or twelve), anion, and cation have been varied. The combination of C60 and IL give rise to new unique properties in the conjugates such as solubility in water, which was higher than 800 mg mL(-1) in several cases. In addition, one of the C60 -IL hybrids has been employed for the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles through ion exchange followed by reduction with sodium borohydride. Surprisingly, during the reduction several carbon nanostructures were formed that comprised nano-onions and nanocages with few-layer graphene sidewalls, which have been characterized by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDAX), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Finally, the material thus obtained was successfully applied as catalyst in Suzuki and Mizoroki-Heck reactions in a concentration of just 0.2 mol %. In the former process it was recyclable for five runs with no loss in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Campisciano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze s/n, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo (Italy)
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17
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Zhang G, Sun Z, Song H, Zhen M, Guan M, Chu T, Luo S, Wang C, Shu C. Radioactive lutetium metallofullerene 177LuxLu(3−x)N@C80–PCBPEG derivative: a potential tumor-targeted theranostic agent. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7011-7013. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A radioactive metallofullerene 177LuxLu(3−x)N@C80 was firstly synthesized by means of neutron irradiation on Lu3N@C80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zhizhong Sun
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Hongtao Song
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Mingming Zhen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Mirong Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Taiwei Chu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Shunzhong Luo
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Chunying Shu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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18
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Rodik RV, Anthony AS, Kalchenko VI, Mély Y, Klymchenko AS. Cationic amphiphilic calixarenes to compact DNA into small nanoparticles for gene delivery. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01395f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic amphiphilic calixarenes with longer alkyl chains are less cytotoxic and their virus-sized DNA nanoparticles exhibit higher transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Rodik
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie
- UMR 7213 CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex
| | - Anne-Sophie Anthony
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie
- UMR 7213 CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex
| | - Vitaly I. Kalchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- National Academy of Science of Ukraine
- Kiev
- Ukraine
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie
- UMR 7213 CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie
- UMR 7213 CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex
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19
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Nierengarten I, Nierengarten JF. The impact of copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition in fullerene chemistry. CHEM REC 2014; 15:31-51. [PMID: 25392909 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Click reactions largely cross the borders of organic synthetic chemistry and are now at the forefront of many interdisciplinary studies at the interfaces between chemistry, physics, and biology. As part of this research, our group is involved in a program on the development of clickable fullerene building blocks and their application in the preparation of a large variety of new advanced materials and bioactive compounds. Importantly, the introduction of the click chemistry concept in fullerene chemistry allowed us to produce compounds that would barely be accessible by using the classical tools of fullerene chemistry. This is particularly the case for the conjugation of fullerenes with other carbon nanoforms, such as carbon nanohorns and graphene. It is also the case for most of the sophisticated molecular ensembles constructed from clickable fullerene hexa-adduct building blocks. In this paper, we have summarized our ongoing progress in this particular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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20
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21
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Nierengarten I, Nierengarten JF. Fullerene sugar balls: a new class of biologically active fullerene derivatives. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:1436-44. [PMID: 24678063 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201400133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Among the large variety of bioactive C60 derivatives, fullerene derivatives substituted with sugar residues, that is, glycofullerenes, are of particular interest. The sugar residues are not only solubilizing groups; their intrinsic biological properties also provide additional appealing features to the conjugates. The most recent advances in the synthesis and the biological applications of glycofullerenes are summarized in the present review article with special emphasis on globular glycofullerenes, that is, fullerene sugar balls, constructed on a hexa-substituted fullerene scaffold. The high local concentration of carbohydrates around the C60 core in fullerene sugar balls is perfectly suited to the binding of lectins through the "glycoside cluster effect", and these compounds are potential anti-adhesive agents against bacterial infection. Moreover, mannosylated fullerene sugar balls have shown antiviral activity in an Ebola pseudotyped infection model. Finally, when substituted with peripheral iminosugars, dramatic multivalent effects have been observed for glycosidase inhibition. These unexpected observations have been rationalized by the interplay of interactions involving the catalytic site of the enzyme and non-glycone binding sites with lectin-like abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 (France)
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22
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Yang X, Ebrahimi A, Li J, Cui Q. Fullerene-biomolecule conjugates and their biomedicinal applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 9:77-92. [PMID: 24379667 PMCID: PMC3872219 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s52829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fullerenes are among the strongest antioxidants and are characterized as “radical sponges.” The research on biomedicinal applications of fullerenes has achieved significant progress since the landmark publication by Friedman et al in 1993. Fullerene–biomolecule conjugates have become an important area of research during the past 2 decades. By a thorough literature search, we attempt to update the information about the synthesis of different types of fullerene–biomolecule conjugates, including fullerene-containing amino acids and peptides, oligonucleotides, sugars, and esters. Moreover, we also discuss in this review recently reported data on the biological and pharmaceutical utilities of these compounds and some other fullerene derivatives of biomedical importance. While within the fullerene–biomolecule conjugates, in which fullerene may act as both an antioxidant and a carrier, specific targeting biomolecules conjugated to fullerene will undoubtedly strengthen the delivery of functional fullerenes to sites of clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Yang
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; School of Materials Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanjun Cui
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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23
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Sapsford KE, Algar WR, Berti L, Gemmill KB, Casey BJ, Oh E, Stewart MH, Medintz IL. Functionalizing nanoparticles with biological molecules: developing chemistries that facilitate nanotechnology. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1904-2074. [PMID: 23432378 DOI: 10.1021/cr300143v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 824] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Sapsford
- Division of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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24
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Apartsin EK, Buyanova MY, Novopashina DS, Ryabchikova EI, Venyaminova AG. Non-Covalent Immobilization of Oligonucleotides on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7675-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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López AM, Scarel F, Carrero NR, Vázquez E, Mateo-Alonso A, Ros TD, Prato M. Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Water-Soluble Dendrofulleropyrrolidine Bisadducts with DNA Binding Activity. Org Lett 2012; 14:4450-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301946r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Montellano López
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT), Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and INSTM, unit of Trieste, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), School of Soft Matter Research, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg Albertstrasse 19, D-79105 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Francesco Scarel
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT), Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and INSTM, unit of Trieste, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), School of Soft Matter Research, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg Albertstrasse 19, D-79105 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Noelia Rubio Carrero
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT), Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and INSTM, unit of Trieste, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), School of Soft Matter Research, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg Albertstrasse 19, D-79105 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT), Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and INSTM, unit of Trieste, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), School of Soft Matter Research, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg Albertstrasse 19, D-79105 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT), Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and INSTM, unit of Trieste, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), School of Soft Matter Research, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg Albertstrasse 19, D-79105 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT), Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and INSTM, unit of Trieste, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), School of Soft Matter Research, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg Albertstrasse 19, D-79105 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT), Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and INSTM, unit of Trieste, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), School of Soft Matter Research, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg Albertstrasse 19, D-79105 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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26
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Chen Z, Ma L, Liu Y, Chen C. Applications of functionalized fullerenes in tumor theranostics. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:238-50. [PMID: 22509193 PMCID: PMC3326736 DOI: 10.7150/thno.3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalized fullerenes with specific physicochemical properties have been developed for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Notably, metallofullerene is a new class of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast-enhancing agent, and may have promising applications for clinical diagnosis. Polyhydroxylated and carboxyl fullerenes have been applied to photoacoustic imaging. Moreover, in recent years, functionalized fullerenes have shown potential in tumor therapies, such as photodynamic therapy, photothermal treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapeutics. Their antitumor effects may be associated with the modulation of oxidative stress, anti-angiogenesis, and immunostimulatory activity. While various types of novel nanoparticle agents have been exploited in tumor theranostics, their distribution, metabolism and toxicity in organisms have also been a source of concern among researchers. The present review summarizes the potential of fullerenes as tumor theranostics agents and their possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.
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Abstract
Fullerene is a compound formed during carbon burst that has been produced synthetically starting from the 1990s. The spherical shape and the characteristic carbon bonds of this allotrope (C(60)) have made it a suitable molecule for many applications. During the last decade, the low aqueous solubility of this molecule has been improved by chemical functionalization allowing the use of fullerene derivatives in biological fluids. The characterization of the toxicity potential of fullerenes is therefore of growing interest for any biomedical application. Intravenous injection is one of the possible routes of their administrations and therefore red blood cells are among the first targets of fullerene cytotoxicity. Human red blood cells are easily available and separated from plasma. Membrane disruption by toxic compounds is easily detected in red blood cells as release of hemoglobin in the cell medium, which can be assayed spectrophotometrically at λ = 415 nm. Due to the high molar extinction coefficient of hemoglobin, the assay can be performed on a small amount of both red blood cells and the test compounds, which might be available only in small quantities. So, the hemolysis assay is a simple screening test, whose results can guide further investigations on cytotoxicity in more complex experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tramer
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Kornev AB, Khakina EA, Troyanov SI, Kushch AA, Peregudov A, Vasilchenko A, Deryabin DG, Martynenko VM, Troshin PA. Facile preparation of amine and amino acid adducts of [60]fullerene using chlorofullerene C60Cl6 as a precursor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5461-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc00071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Montellano A, Da Ros T, Bianco A, Prato M. Fullerene C₆₀ as a multifunctional system for drug and gene delivery. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:4035-41. [PMID: 21897967 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10783f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The fullerene family, and especially C(60), has delighted the scientific community during the last 25 years with perspective applications in a wide variety of fields, including the biological and the biomedical domains. Several biomedical uses have been explored using water-soluble C(60)-derivatives. However, the employment of fullerenes for drug delivery is still at an early stage of development. The design and synthesis of multifunctionalized and multimodal C(60) systems able to cross the cell membranes and efficiently deliver active molecules is an attracting challenge that involves multidisciplinary strategies. Promising results have emerged in the last years, bringing fullerenes again to the front of interest. Herein, the state of the art of this emerging field is presented and illustrated with some of the most representative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Montellano
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT), Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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30
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Chu CC, Tsai YJ, Hsiao LC, Wang L. Controlled Self-Aggregation of C60-Anchored Multiarmed Polyacrylic Acids and Their Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2013404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Chu
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Tsai
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chia Hsiao
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Leeyih Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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31
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Sigwalt D, Holler M, Iehl J, Nierengarten JF, Nothisen M, Morin E, Remy JS. Gene delivery with polycationic fullerene hexakis-adducts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:4640-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05783e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Giacalone F, Martín N. New concepts and applications in the macromolecular chemistry of fullerenes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:4220-4248. [PMID: 20799291 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new classification on the different types of fullerene-containing polymers is presented according to their different properties and applications they exhibit in a variety of fields. Because of their interest and novelty, water-soluble and biodegradable C(60)-polymers are discussed first, followed by polyfullerene-based membranes where unprecedented supramolecular structures are presented. Next are compounds that involve hybrid materials formed from fullerenes and other components such as silica, DNA, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) where the most recent advances have been achieved. A most relevant topic is still that of C(60)-based donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers. Since their application in photovoltaics D-A polymers are among the most realistic applications of fullerenes in the so-called molecular electronics. The most relevant aspects in these covalently connected fullerene/polymer hybrids as well as new concepts to improve energy conversion efficiencies are presented.The last topics disccused relate to supramolecular aspects that are in involved in C(60)-polymer systems and in the self-assembly of C(60)-macromolecular structures, which open a new scenario for organizing, by means of non-covalent interactions, new supramolecular structures at the nano- and micrometric scale, in which the combination of the hydrofobicity of fullerenes with the versatility of the noncovalent chemistry afford new and spectacular superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giacalone
- Department of Organic Chemistry "E. Paternò", Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze s/n, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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Theriot CA, Casey RC, Moore VC, Mitchell L, Reynolds JO, Burgoyne M, Partha R, Huff JL, Conyers JL, Jeevarajan A, Wu H. Dendro[C(60)]fullerene DF-1 provides radioprotection to radiosensitive mammalian cells. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2010; 49:437-445. [PMID: 20582595 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-010-0310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the ability of the C(60) fullerene derivative DF-1 to protect radiosensitive cells from the effects of high doses of gamma irradiation was examined. Earlier reports of DF-1's lack of toxicity in these cells were confirmed, and DF-1 was also observed to protect both human lymphocytes and rat intestinal crypt cells against radiation-induced cell death. We determined that DF-1 protected both cell types against radiation-induced DNA damage, as measured by inhibition of micronucleus formation. DF-1 also reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species in the crypt cells, a unique capability of fullerenes because of their enhanced reactivity toward electron-rich species. The ability of DF-1 to protect against the cytotoxic effects of radiation was comparable to that of amifostine, another ROS-scavenging radioprotector. Interestingly, localization of fluorescently labeled DF-1 in fibroblast was observed throughout the cell. Taken together, these results suggest that DF-1 provides powerful protection against several deleterious cellular consequences of irradiation in mammalian systems including oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Theriot
- NASA-Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA
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Kraszewski S, Tarek M, Treptow W, Ramseyer C. Affinity of C60 neat fullerenes with membrane proteins: a computational study on potassium channels. ACS NANO 2010; 4:4158-4164. [PMID: 20568711 DOI: 10.1021/nn100723r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Most studies of the interactions of neat and functionalized fullerenes with cells have focused so far on their ability to cross the cell membrane envelopes. Membranes are, however, also host to a large number of proteins responsible for various cellular functions. Among these, ion channels are prominent components of the nervous system. Recently, it was shown that fullerenes may act as blockers or modulators of a variety of K+ channels. Here we use computer simulations to investigate the propensity of such nanocompounds to bind to K+ channels. Our results based on extensive atomistic molecular dynamics simulations reveal a variety of specific binding sites depending on the structure and properties of the channel. The corresponding binding free energies and putative mechanisms suggest that C60 may indeed effectively hinder the function of K+ channels and hence induce toxicity.
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Ortiz Mellet C, Benito J, García Fernández J. Preorganized, Macromolecular, Gene-Delivery Systems. Chemistry 2010; 16:6728-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Marega R, Aroulmoji V, Bergamin M, Feruglio L, Dinon F, Bianco A, Murano E, Prato M. Two-dimensional diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring functionalized carbon nanotube purification and composition. ACS NANO 2010; 4:2051-2058. [PMID: 20359236 DOI: 10.1021/nn100257h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized carbon nanotube (CNT) derivatives are currently under thorough investigation in different biomedical investigations. In this field of research, the composition of sample either in terms of covalently attached or physisorbed moieties can greatly affect the observed results and hamper the comparison between different studies. Therefore, the availability of a fast and reliable analytical technique to assess both the type of interaction (covalent vs noncovalent) and the composition of CNT conjugates is of great importance. Here we describe that the two-dimensional diffusion-ordered (DOSY) NMR spectroscopy is extremely useful to discriminate between conjugated and unconjugated polyethylene glycol groups in samples obtained by condensation with oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). This fast and nondestructive technique allows us to follow the removal of unconjugated polyethylene glycol chains during the purification. In particular, DOSY analysis reveal that about 1/3 (wt %) of the polyethylene glycol used for the condensation remained physisorbed to functionalized SWNTs after dialysis. Complete elimination of physisorbed polyethylene glycol was achieved using diafiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Marega
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and INSTM UdR Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Chen SY, Cheng RL, Tseng CK, Lin YS, Lai LH, Venkatachalam RK, Chen YC, Cheng CH, Chuang SC. Fullerene Derivatives Incorporating Phosphoramidous Ylide and Phosphoramidate: Synthesis and Property. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4866-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8026017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yuan Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Rai-Long Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Cheng-Kuo Tseng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Ya-Shiuan Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Li-Hsiang Lai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Rajesh Kumar Venkatachalam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
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Sitharaman B, Zakharian TY, Saraf A, Misra P, Ashcroft J, Pan S, Pham QP, Mikos AG, Wilson LJ, Engler DA. Water-soluble fullerene (C60) derivatives as nonviral gene-delivery vectors. Mol Pharm 2008; 5:567-78. [PMID: 18505267 PMCID: PMC2652357 DOI: 10.1021/mp700106w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new class of water-soluble C60 transfecting agents has been prepared using Hirsch-Bingel chemistry and assessed for their ability to act as gene-delivery vectors in vitro. In an effort to elucidate the relationship between the hydrophobicity of the fullerene core, the hydrophilicity of the water-solubilizing groups, and the overall charge state of the C60 vectors in gene delivery and expression, several different C60 derivatives were synthesized to yield either positively charged, negatively charged, or neutral chemical functionalities under physiological conditions. These fullerene derivatives were then tested for their ability to transfect cells grown in culture with DNA carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene. Statistically significant expression of GFP was observed for all forms of the C60 derivatives when used as DNA vectors and compared to the ability of naked DNA alone to transfect cells. However, efficient in vitro transfection was only achieved with the two positively charged C60 derivatives, namely, an octa-amino derivatized C60 and a dodeca-amino derivatized C60 vector. All C60 vectors showed an increase in toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Increased levels of cellular toxicity were observed for positively charged C60 vectors relative to the negatively charged and neutral vectors. Structural analyses using dynamic light scattering and optical microscopy offered further insights into possible correlations between the various derivatized C60 compounds, the C60 vector/DNA complexes, their physical attributes (aggregation, charge) and their transfection efficiencies. Recently, similar Gd@C60-based compounds have demonstrated potential as advanced contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thus, the successful demonstration of intracellular DNA uptake, intracellular transport, and gene expression from DNA using C60 vectors suggests the possibility of developing analogous Gd@C60-based vectors to serve simultaneously as both therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Chemistry, Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA
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Iehl J, Pereira de Freitas R, Delavaux-Nicot B, Nierengarten JF. Click chemistry for the efficient preparation of functionalized [60]fullerene hexakis-adducts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2450-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b804393k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Twenty Years of Promises: Fullerene in Medicinal Chemistry. MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF FULLERENES AND CARBON NANOTUBES 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6845-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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