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Tsuchiya T, Umemura R, Kaminaga M, Kushida S, Ohkubo K, Noro SI, Mazaki Y. Paddlewheel Complexes with Azulenes: Electronic Interaction between Metal Centers and Equatorial Ligands. Chempluschem 2020; 84:655-664. [PMID: 31944016 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium dinuclear complexes (1-3) with azulene moieties as equatorial ligands were obtained by reacting Rh2 (OAc)4 with guaiazulene-2-carboxylic acid, azulene-2-carboxylic acid, and azulene-1-carboxylic acid, respectively. The molecular structures in their crystalline states were determined by X-ray diffraction to be 1 ⋅ (H2 O)2 , 1 ⋅ (MeCN)2 , 2 ⋅ (MeCN)2 , and 3 ⋅ (DMF)2 , which were coordinated with the crystallization solvent at the axial positions. Among these, the crystal packing of 1 ⋅ (H2 O)2 , 1 ⋅ (MeCN)2 , and 3 ⋅ (DMF)2 revealed the formation of one-dimensional stacked chains nearly along the axial direction and of two-dimensional stacked sheets along the equatorial direction. In addition, it was found that 1 ⋅ (H2 O)2 contained cavities that could adsorb CO2 , thereby inducing structural changes. Furthermore, redox measurements revealed the stepwise one-electron redox behaviors of these complexes, indicating the intramolecular interactions between the azulene units. In addition, transient absorption measurements suggested the presence of an ultrafast intersystem crossing caused by the heavy-atom effect of rhodium, and an extended lifetime of the triplet state due to the energy migration among the azulene ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Reiya Umemura
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Kaminaga
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kushida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies and Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Noro
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University N10 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
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Majumdar M, Saha S, Dutta I, Sinha A, Bera JK. Inter-ligand electronic coupling mediated through a dimetal bridge: dependence on metal ions and ancillary ligands. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5660-5669. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04679g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The metal–metal bond orbitals and the ancillary ligands influence inter-ligand charge transfer through the dimetal bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Sayantani Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Indranil Dutta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Arup Sinha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Jitendra K. Bera
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
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Brown-Xu SE, Chisholm MH, Durr CB, Lewis SA, Spilker TF, Young PJ. Mo2 paddlewheel complexes functionalized with a single MLCT, S1 infrared-active carboxylate reporter ligand: preparation and studies of ground and photoexcited states. Inorg Chem 2013; 53:637-44. [PMID: 24359530 DOI: 10.1021/ic402775s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
From the reactions between Mo2(DAniF)3pivalate (DAniF = N,N'-di(p-anisyl)formamidinate) and the carboxylic acids LH, the title compounds Mo2(DAniF)3L have been prepared and characterized: compounds I (L = O2CC≡CPh), II (L = O2CC4H2SC≡CH), and III (L = O2CC6H4-p-CN). The new compounds have been characterized in their ground states by spectroscopy ((1)H NMR, ultraviolet-visible absorption, near-infrared absorption, and steady state emission), cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory calculations. The compounds show strong metal Mo2 to ligand L δ-π* transitions in their visible spectra. The nature of the S1 (1)MLCT and T1 states has been probed by time-resolved (femtosecond and nanosecond) transient absorption and infrared spectroscopy. The observed shifts of the C≡C and C≡N vibrational modes are found to be consistent with the negative charge being localized on the single L in the S1 states, while the T1 states are (3)Mo2 δδ*. The present results are compared to earlier studies of the photoexcited states of trans-Mo2(2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate)2L2 compounds that have been assigned as either localized or delocalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Brown-Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Gracia R, Patmore NJ. Structural, spectroscopic and theoretical studies of diosmium(III,III) tetracarboxylates. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:13118-25. [PMID: 23880906 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51449h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of Os2(TiPB)4Cl2 (1; TiPB = 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate) and Os2(TiPB)2(OAc)2Cl2 (2) by carboxylate exchange reactions with Os2(OAc)4Cl2 is reported. The structure of 1 has been determined by single-crystal X-ray studies, and shows a paddlewheel arrangement of the ligands about the triply bonded diosmium core. Both compounds have magnetic moments at room temperature that are consistent with the presence of two unpaired electrons, and their cyclic voltammograms show a single redox process corresponding to the Os2(5+/6+) redox couple. The electronic absorption spectra of 1 and 2 display an absorption at ~395 nm, corresponding to the π(Cl) →π*(Os2) LMCT transition, as well as numerous weaker absorptions at lower energy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on Os2(OAc)4Cl2 at different levels of theory (B3LYP and PBE0) have been used to probe the electronic structure of diosmium tetracarboxylates. The calculations show that these compounds have a σ(2)π(4)δ(2)δ*(1)π*(1) electronic configuration, and time-dependent DFT was used to help rationalize their optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gracia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.
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Brown-Xu SE, Chisholm MH, Gallucci JC, Ghosh Y, Gustafson TL, Reed CR. Furan- and selenophene-2-carboxylato derivatives of dimolybdenum and ditungsten (M[quadruple bond]M): a comparison of their chemical and photophysical properties. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:2257-63. [PMID: 22186951 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11889g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
From the reactions between M(2)(T(i)PB)(4), where T(i)PB = 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate and two equivalents each of 2-furan carboxylic acid, FuCO(2)H, and 2-selenophene carboxylic acid, SpCO(2)H in toluene, the new compounds trans-M(2)(T(i)PB)(2)(O(2)CFu)(2) (1a M = Mo, 2a M = W) and trans-M(2)(T(i)PB)(2)(O(2)CSp)(2) (1b M = Mo, 2b M = W) were formed. These new compounds have been characterized by (1)H NMR, steady-state UV-Vis-NIR absorption and emission spectroscopy, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, and fs and ns transient absorption spectroscopy. The compound Mo(2)(T(i)PB)(2)(O(2)CSp)(2) (1b) has been characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. These data are compared with those previously reported for related 2-thiophene carboxylate derivatives: M(2)(T(i)PB)(2)(O(2)CTh)(2). The physico-chemical data correlate well with electronic structure calculations performed on model compounds. All compounds have detectible S(1) photoexcited states with lifetimes that vary from ∼5 ps to < 1 ps. The molybdenum compounds have T(1) states with microsecond lifetimes that are assigned as MMδδ* whereas the T(1) states for tungsten are (3)MLCT with lifetimes on the order of nanoseconds. In all cases, shorter lifetimes were seen in complexes containing heavier atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Brown-Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W 18th Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Bunting P, Chisholm MH, Gallucci JC, Lear BJ. Extent of M2δ to Ligand π-Conjugation in Neutral and Mixed Valence States of Bis(4-isonicotinate)-bis(2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate) Dimetal Complexes (MM), Where M = Mo or W, and Their Adducts with Tris(pentafluorophenyl)boron. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:5873-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ja109522b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bunting
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Chisholm MH, Lear BJ. M2δ to ligand π-conjugation: testbeds for current theories of mixed valence in ground and photoexcited states of molecular systems. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:5254-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gracia R, Adams H, Patmore NJ. Unexpected structural and electronic effects of internal rotation in diruthenium paddlewheel complexes containing bulky carboxylate ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Synthesis and Characterisation of Diruthenium Paddlewheel Compounds Bearing 2,6-Di(p-tolyl)benzoate Ligands. J CLUST SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-010-0310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Alberding BG, Barybin MV, Chisholm MH, Gustafson TL, Reed CR, Robinson RE, Patmore NJ, Singh N, Turro C. Molecular, electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of MM quadruply bonded units supported by trans-6-carboethoxy-2-carboxylatoazulene ligands. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:1979-84. [DOI: 10.1039/b919282d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alberding BG, Chisholm MH, Chou YH, Ghosh Y, Gustafson TL, Liu Y, Turro C. 2-Thienylcarboxylato and 2-Thienylthiocarboxylato Ligands Bonded to MM Quadruple Bonds (M = Mo or W): A Comparison of Ground State, Spectroscopic and Photoexcited State Properties. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:11187-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901607u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian G. Alberding
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Malcolm H. Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Yagnaseni Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Terry L. Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Alberding BG, Chisholm MH, Chou YH, Gallucci JC, Ghosh Y, Gustafson TL, Patmore NJ, Reed CR, Turro C. Quadruply bonded dimetal units supported by 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoates MM(TiPB)(4) (MM = Mo(2), MoW, and W(2)): preparation and photophysical properties. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:4394-9. [PMID: 19378951 DOI: 10.1021/ic900092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and characterization (elemental analysis, (1)H NMR, and cyclic voltammetry) of the new compounds MM(TiPB)(4), where MM = MoW and W(2) and TiPB = 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate, are reported. Together with Mo(2)(TiPB)(4), previously reported by Cotton et al. (Inorg. Chem. 2002, 41, 1639), the new compounds have been studied by electronic absorption, steady-state emission, and transient absorption spectroscopy (femtosecond and nanosecond). The compounds show strong absorptions in the visible region of the spectrum that are assigned to MMdelta to arylcarboxylate pi* transitions, (1)MLCT. Each compound also shows luminescence from two excited states, assigned as the (1)MLCT and (3)MMdeltadelta* states. The energy of the emission from the (1)MLCT state follows the energy ordering MM = Mo(2) > MoW > W(2), but the emission from the (3)MMdeltadelta* state follows the inverse order: MM = W(2) > MoW > Mo(2). Evidence is presented to support the view that the lower energy emission in each case arises from the (3)MMdeltadelta* state. Lifetimes of the (1)MLCT states in these systems are approximately 0.4-6 ps, whereas phosphorescence is dependent on the MM center: Mo(2) approximately 40 micros, MoW approximately 30 micros, and W(2) approximately 1 micros.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Alberding
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, USA
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[Bis(trispivalatodimolybdenum (II))-μ-bis(4′-carboxylato-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) ruthenium (II)] (2+) Tetrafluoroborate: Photophysical Studies. J CLUST SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-009-0232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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The remarkable influence of M2delta to thienyl pi conjugation in oligothiophenes incorporating MM quadruple bonds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:15247-52. [PMID: 18832150 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807411105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligothiophenes incorporating MM quadruple bonds have been prepared from the reactions between Mo(2)(TiPB)(4) (TiPB = 2,4,6-triisopropyl benzoate) and 3',4'-dihexyl-2,2'-:5',2''-terthiophene-5,5''-dicarboxylic acid. The oligomers of empirical formula Mo(2)(TiPB)(2)(O(2)C(Th)-C(4)(n-hexyl)(2)S-(Th)CO(2)) are soluble in THF and form thin films with spin-coating (Th = thiophene). The reactions between Mo(2)(TiPB)(4) and 2-thienylcarboxylic acid (Th-H), 2,2'-bithiophene-5-carboxylic acid (BTh-H), and (2,2':5',2''-terthiophene)-5-carboxylic acid (TTh-H) yield compounds of formula trans-Mo(2)(TiPB)(2)L(2), where L = Th, BTh, and TTh (the corresponding thienylcarboxylate), and these compounds are considered as models for the aforementioned oligomers. In all cases, the thienyl groups are substituted or coupled at the 2,5 positions. Based on the x-ray analysis, the molecular structure of trans-Mo(2)(TiPB)(2)(BTh)(2) reveals an extended Lpi-M(2)delta-Lpi conjugation. Calculations of the electronic structures on model compounds, in which the TiPB are substituted by formate ligands, reveal that the HOMO is mainly attributed to the M(2)delta orbital, which is stabilized by back-bonding to one of the thienylcarboxylate pi* combinations, and the LUMO is an in-phase combination of the thienylcarboxylate pi* orbitals. The compounds and the oligomers are intensely colored due to M(2)delta-thienyl carboxylate pi* charge transfer transitions that fall in the visible region of the spectrum. For the molybdenum complexes and their oligomers, the photophysical properties have been studied by steady-state absorption spectroscopy and emission spectroscopy, together with time-resolved emission and transient absorption for the determination of relaxation dynamics. Remarkably, THF solutions the molybdenum complexes show room-temperature dual emission, fluorescence and phosphorescence, originating mainly from (1)MLCT and (3)MM(deltadelta*) states, respectively. With increasing number of thienyl rings from 1 to 3, the observed lifetimes of the (1)MLCT state increase from 4 to 12 ps, while the phosphorescence lifetimes are approximately 80 micros. The oligomers show similar photophysical properties as the corresponding monomers in THF but have notably longer-lived triplet states, approximately 200 micros in thin films. These results, when compared with metallated oligothiophenes of the later transition elements, reveal that M(2)delta-thienyl pi conjugation leads to a very small energy gap between the (1)MLCT and (3)MLCT states of <0.6 eV.
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Chisholm MH. Mixed valence complexes involving MM quadruple bonds (M=Mo or W). PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2008; 366:101-12. [PMID: 17846014 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The MM quadruple bond of configuration MM sigma2pi4delta2 is redox active and in many ways ideally suited for studies of mixed valency when two or more such centres are linked by a bridging ligand. In this account, the mechanism of electronic coupling is examined for complexes of the type [L3M2bridgeM2L3]0/+ where L, a pivalate; bridge, a dicarboxylate or related ligand and M, Mo or W. The represented examples allow us to probe electronic factors close to the class II/III border and readily distinguish between electron and hole transfer in the superexchange mechanism. The potential for mixed valence organic radical anions mediated by the M2 centre is also raised and one specific example of class III behaviour is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm H Chisholm
- The Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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