A new highly Selective, sensitive and NIR spectrophotometric probe based on A2B2-Type of unsymmetrical phthalocyanine for hazardous Be2+ recognition

The aim of this work is to construct a new A₂B₂-type of unsymmetrical and ratiometric phthalocyanine (Pc) based-probe O-A₂B₂ZnPc to provide an effective solution to critical inadequacy to be experienced for the detection of hazardous Be²⁺. O-A₂B₂ZnPc enabling strong absorption and emission in Near-Infrared region (λ_abs-λ_em wavelengths of 694-712 nm) showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward Be²⁺ among competitive metal ions by both spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. The probe with oligomeric Pc form in THF was degraded with the addition of aqueous Be²⁺ and arranged to J-aggregation form, resulting in a remarkably diminishing in Q-band at 694 nm as well as a new band formation at 746 nm, and a considerably decreasing in fluorescence emission. The probe has superior features for the determination of Be²⁺ such as high quantum efficiency and photochemical stability, rapid response (1 s), high selectivity and very low Limit of Detection (0.26 ppb and 1.5 ppb) for UV-Vis and fluorescence, respectively which are quite good values according to the permissible amount of Be²⁺ (4 ppb) in water as specified by World Health Organization. O-A₂B₂ZnPc can be shown among the best performing probes with its unique properties according to previous studies in the literature. In addition, the geometrical and spectral features of the O-A₂B₂ZnPc were analyzed in detail by DFT calculations.

Recognition, mechanistic investigation and applications for the detection of biorelevant Cu2+/Fe2+/Fe3+ ions by ruthenium(ii)-polypyridyl based fluorescent sensors

Selective recognition of biorelevant Cu²⁺ and Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ions using fluorescent Ru(ii)-polypyridyl based sensors via both “turn-on” and “turn-off” emissive response is the main focus of present article.

Highly Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generators Based on Ruthenium Phthalocyanines: Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Evaluation for Photodynamic Therapy

The synthesis of ruthenium(II) phthalocyanines (RuPcs) endowed with one carbohydrate unit-that is, glucose, galactose and mannose-and a dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) ligand at the two axial coordination sites, respectively, is described. Two series of compounds, one unsubstituted at the periphery, and the other one bearing eight PEG chains at the isoindole meta-positions, have been prepared. The presence of the axial DMSO unit significantly increases the phthalocyanine singlet oxygen quantum yields, related to other comparable RuPcs. The compounds have been evaluated for PDT treatment in bladder cancer cells. In vitro studies have revealed high phototoxicity for RuPcs unsubstituted at their periphery. The phototoxicity of PEG-substituted RuPcs has been considerably improved by repeated light irradiation. The choice of the axial carbohydrate introduced little differences in the cellular uptake for both series of photosensitizers, but the phototoxic effects were considerably higher for compounds bearing mannose units.

Preparation and electrochemical properties of cobalt-phthalocyanine-decorated Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Phthalocyanines (Pcs) have been known for excellent electron transfer properties owing to their extended [Formula: see text]-conjugated structures. In addition, functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] NPs) have attracted considerable interest owing to their unique spectral and electronic properties. Hence, it can be reasonably expected that Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] NPs decorated with Pc molecules could provide a useful electrocatalytic system. Herein, we present the preparation and electrochemical properties of cobalt-phthalocyanine (CoPc)-decorated Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] NPs (CoPc@Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]. The Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] NPs were first coated with a silica layer to produce SiO[Formula: see text]@Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]. Subsequently, CoPc with a siloxane end group (CoPc-TEOS) was anchored to the outer surface of the SiO[Formula: see text]@Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]. The CoPc@Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] thus prepared was fully analyzed using various characterization methods. Distinctive electrochemical responses of CoPc and CoPc@Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] in the presence of picric acid were observed, demonstrating the potential application of the current approach to electrochemical catalysis.

PEG-containing ruthenium phthalocyanines as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy: synthesis, characterization and in vitro evaluation

Three ruthenium(ii) phthalocyanines functionalized at their axial positions with 4-12 PEG chains bearing hydroxy, amino and ether terminal groups were synthesized and studied as PDT agents against bladder cancer cells. All three dyes displayed high singlet oxygen generation quantum yields in DMSO (Φ_Δ = 0.76). The water-soluble Ru(L3)₂Pc also shows high singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ_Δ = 0.48) in neat water. In vitro studies show that these complexes are accumulated in bladder cancer cells, are nontoxic PSs per se, and have high phototoxic efficiency.

Unexpected formation of a μ-carbido diruthenium(iv) complex during the metalation of phthalocyanine with Ru3(CO)12 and its catalytic activity in carbene transfer reactions

Catalytic activity of novel μ-carbido Ru(iv) bisphthalocyaninate was firstly demonstrated by the olefin cyclopropanation and carbene insertion into N–H bonds.

A simple and highly selective 2,2-diferrocenylpropane-based multi-channel ion pair receptor for Pb2+ and HSO4−

A 2,2-diferrocenylpropane-based multi-channel ion pair receptor 1 was designed and structurally characterized. It was a “naked-eye-detectable” chemosensor towards Pb²⁺ and HSO₄⁻ with excellent selectivity and sensitivity.

Synthesis, characterization, and photoinduced electron transfer processes of orthogonal ruthenium phthalocyanine-fullerene assemblies

The convergent synthesis, electrochemical characterization, and photophysical studies of phthalocyanine-fullerene hybrids 3-5 bearing an orthogonal geometry (Chart ) are reported. These donor-acceptor arrays have been assembled through metal coordination of linear fullerene mono- and bispyridyl ligands to ruthenium(II) phthalocyanines. The hybrid [Ru(CO)(C(60)Py)Pc] (3) and the triad [Ru(2)(CO)(2)(C(60)Py(2))Pc(2)] (5) were prepared by treatment of the phthalocyanine 6 with the mono- and hexakis-substituted C(60)-pyridyl ligands 1 and 2, respectively. The triad [Ru(C(60)Py)(2)Pc] (4) was prepared in a similar manner from the monosubstituted C(60)-pyridyl ligand 1 and the phthalocyanine precursor 7. The simplicity of this versatile synthetic approach allows to determine the influence of the donor and acceptor ratio in the radical ion pair state lifetime. The chemical, electrochemical, and photophysical characterization of the phthalocyanine-fullerene hybrids 3-5 was conducted using (1)H and (13)C NMR, UV/vis, and IR spectroscopies, as well as mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, femtosecond transient absorption studies, and nanosecond laser flash photolysis experiments. Arrays 3-5 exhibit electronic coupling between the two electroactive components in the ground state, which is modulated by the axial CO and 4-pyridylfulleropyrrolidine ligands. With respect to the excited state, we have demonstrated that RuPc/C(60) electron donor-acceptor hybrids are a versatile platform to fine-tune the outcome and dynamics of charge transfer processes. The use of ruthenium(II) phthalocyanines instead of the corresponding zinc(II) complexes allows the suppression of energy wasting and unwanted charge recombination, affording radical ion pair state lifetimes on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds for the C(60)-monoadduct-based complexes 3 and 4. For the hexakis-substituted C(60) unit 2, the reduction potential is shifted cathodically, thus raising the radical ion pair state energy. However, the location of the RuPc triplet excited state is not high enough, and still offers a rapid deactivation of the radical ion pair state.