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Kuzucu M. Extremophilic Solutions: The Role of Deinoxanthin in Counteracting UV-Induced Skin Harm. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8372-8394. [PMID: 37886971 PMCID: PMC10605247 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This research delved into the protective capacities of deinoxanthin, a carotenoid present in Deinococcus radiodurans, against UVA- and UVB-mediated skin damage using human fibroblast foreskin cells (HFF-1). Using the MTT assay, HFF-1 cells treated with 10 µM DNX displayed 20% and 31.7% higher viability than the positive (Vitamin C-treated) and negative (DNX-untreated) control groups, respectively, upon 100 mJ/cm2 UVB exposure. At 24 J/cm2 UVA, 20 µM DNX-treated cells showed 80.6% viability, exceeding the positive and negative control groups by 28.6% and 33.6%, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that cells treated with DNX and exposed to 24 J/cm2 UVA exhibited a 69.32% reduction in apoptotic processes compared to untreated cells. Similarly, when exposed to 100 mJ/cm2 UVB, DNX-treated cells demonstrated a 72.35% decrease in apoptotic processes relative to their untreated counterparts. DNX also displayed dose-dependent inhibition on tyrosinase activity. The study emphasized DNX's antioxidative capacity, evident in its modulation of superoxide dismutase activity and measurements of Malondialdehyde and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. DNX-treated cells exhibited higher hydroxyproline levels, suggesting healthier collagen production. Additionally, the wound-healing assay method confirmed an accelerated healing rate in DNX-treated cells. Conclusively, DNX offers significant protection against UV-induced skin damage, emphasizing its potential for skincare and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kuzucu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24100, Türkiye
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Jiang M, Wang X, Lv B, Lu Y, Ma X, Liu W, Bai G, Gao X. Psoralen induces hepatotoxicity by covalently binding to glutathione-S-transferases and the hepatic cytochrome P450. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154165. [PMID: 35792449 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoraleae Fructus has been widely used in China and its surroundings; however, Psoraleae Fructus and its compound preparation have been reported recently to cause liver injury in clinics. Thus, its safe use has attracted increasing attention. The possible mechanism is related to the metabolism of psoralen, but it still needs further clarification. PURPOSE The present study was designed to evaluate the toxicity of psoralen and investigate the potentially related molecular mechanisms using chemical biology methods combined with animal experiments to provide evidence for the rational clinical use of psoralen. METHODS An in vivo experiment was conducted with a time series of 20-80 mg/kg psoralen to verify its toxic performance. Target capture and click reactions were used to investigate direct targets of psoralen. Selectivity for different glutathione-S-transferase (GST) subtypes in the liver and inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) were also detected. RESULTS Psoralen build-up in the liver is the primary cause of liver damage. Our study revealed the mechanism by which psoralen induces liver injury. Psoralen can bind directly to CYP2D6, CYP3A4, GST-α, and GST-μ and inhibit their activities, causing the depletion of glutathione (GSH) in vivo, which in turn induces hepatic damage. The special structure of α,β-unsaturated lactones in psoralen facilitates its attachment to its target; therefore, complementing psoralen with GSH can efficiently protect the liver from damage. CONCLUSIONS Psoralen causes a disorder in drug metabolism by inhibiting the activity of CYPs and GSTs, causing exhaustion of GSH, and subsequently leading to liver damage. The co-administration of GSH and psoralen is an effective way to avoid liver injury in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xianghui Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Durnev AD, Eremina NV, Zhanataev AK, Kolik LG. [Genotoxicity of psychotropic drugs in experimental and clinical studies]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:7-16. [PMID: 36279223 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20221221017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of experimental data on the study of the genotoxic activity of psychotropic drugs published over the past 25 years has been carried out. It has been shown that the information describing the genotoxicity of psychotropic drugs is characterized by fragmentation, contradictions, and the conditions for their experimental production often do not meet modern requirements. Conclusions about the presence or absence of genotoxic properties can be made only for 9.6% 94 examined drugs. The need for a large-scale systematic reassessment of the genotoxicity of psychotropic drugs, especially drugs of the first generation, on the basis of modern methodology, including studies of mutagen-modifying activity, has been proven. The expediency of monitoring the genotoxic status of patients receiving psychotropic drugs is emphasized, which should contribute to an adequate assessment of the genotoxic risk of their use and objectification of approaches when choosing a drug for the safe therapy. The urgency of conducting research to determine the role of primary DNA damage in the pathogenesis of mental illnesses has been substantiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Durnev
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Eremina
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A K Zhanataev
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - L G Kolik
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
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Souto EB, Campos JR, Da Ana R, Martins-Gomes C, Silva AM, Souto SB, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Santini A. Ocular Cell Lines and Genotoxicity Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2046. [PMID: 32204489 PMCID: PMC7142522 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxicity screening tests aim to evaluate if and to what extent a compound in contact with the human body (e.g., a drug molecule, a compound from the environment) interacts with DNA. The comet assay is a sensitive method used to predict the risk of DNA damage in individual cells, as it quantifies the tape breaks, being the alkaline version (pH > 13) the most commonly used in the laboratory. Epithelial cells serve as biomatrices in genotoxicity assessments. As ca. 80% of solid cancers are of epithelial origin, the quantification of the DNA damage upon exposure of epithelial cells to a drug or drug formulation becomes relevant. Comet assays run in epithelial cells also have clinical applications in human biomonitoring, which assesses whether and to what extent is the human body exposed to environmental genotoxic compounds and how such exposure changes over time. Ocular mucosa is particularly exposed to environmental assaults. This review summarizes the published data on the genotoxicity assessment in estimating DNA damage in epithelial cells with a special focus on ocular cell lines. General comet assay procedures for ex vivo and in vivo epithelium samples are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (R.D.A.)
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana R. Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (R.D.A.)
| | - Raquel Da Ana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (R.D.A.)
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (A.M.S.)
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (A.M.S.)
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Selma B. Souto
- Department of Endocrinology of Hospital de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200–319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Tahara H, Sadamoto K, Yamagiwa Y, Nemoto S, Kurata M. Investigation of comet assays under conditions mimicking ocular instillation administration in a three-dimensional reconstructed human corneal epithelial model. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2019; 38:375-383. [PMID: 31223032 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2019.1634580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: A comet assay is one of the genotoxicity methods for evaluating the potential of chemicals to induce DNA strand breaks. To investigate the usefulness of comet assays for evaluating the genotoxic potential of ophthalmic solutions, a three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed human corneal epithelial model (3D corneal model) was exposed to conditions mimicking topical ocular instillation administration. Methods: The 3D corneal model was exposed to acridine orange, ethidium bromide, hydrogen peroxide, 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride (paraquat), 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO), acrylamide and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). To mimic the ocular surface condition to which ophthalmic solutions are administered, the exposure time was set to 1 minute. Likewise, human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells, as monolayer cultured cells, were exposed to the same chemicals, for comparison. Results: In the 3D corneal model, the amount of DNA fragments was statistically significantly increased in cells treated with each of the test chemicals except acrylamide. In HCE-T cells, the amount of DNA fragments was statistically significantly increased in acridine orange-, ethidium bromide-, hydrogen peroxide-, 4-NQO- and MMS-treated cells but not in paraquat- or acrylamide-treated cells. In the 3D corneal model, the lowest concentrations at which we observed DNA damage were about 100 times higher than the concentrations in HCE-T cells. Since the 3D corneal model is morphologically similar to human corneal tissue, form a multilayer and having tight junctions, it may be that the test chemicals only permeated about 1% into the 3D corneal model. Conclusion: These results suggest that the comet assay using 3D cell culture models may reflect in vivo conditions better than do monolayer cultured cells, and that the comet assay may be useful for the evaluation of genotoxic potential of topical ophthalmic solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Tahara
- Research and Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Kobe , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Kazuyo Sadamoto
- Research and Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Kobe , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamagiwa
- Research and Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Kobe , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Shingo Nemoto
- Research and Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Kobe , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurata
- Research and Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Kobe , Hyogo , Japan
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Wang P, Li K, Tao Y, Li D, Zhang Y, Xu H, Yang H. TCM-ADMEpred: A novel strategy for poly-pharmacokinetics prediction of traditional Chinese medicine based on single constituent pharmacokinetics, structural similarity, and mathematical modeling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:277-287. [PMID: 30826421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yuanhu Zhitong prescription (YZP) is a commonly used and relatively simple clinical herb preparation recorded in the China Pharmacopoeia. It contains Corydalis yanhusuo (Chinese name, Yanhusuo [YH]) and Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) (Chinese name, Baizhi [BZ]), and has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of stomach pain, hypochondriac pain, headache, and dysmenorrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY A TCM-ADMEpred method is developed for novel strategy for poly-pharmacokinetics prediction of TCM. To predict the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the main YZP constituents in rat plasma using in silico models, based on the theory that structurally similar constituents show similar pharmacokinetic properties. This approach may facilitate in silico prediction of the pharmacokinetics of TCM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A robust platform using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of seven active YZP constituents in rat plasma. These seven compounds were divided into two structural classes, alkaloids and coumarins. The correlation between AUC profiles within a structural class was expressed as Γ+, and this variable was used to develop two novel in silico models to predict constituent AUC values. The pharmacokinetics of tetrahydropalmatine, tetrahydroberberine, and corydaline following YZP administration were predicted using the Γ+-values of α-allocryptopine observed following YH administration, while those of imperatorin and isoimperatorin following BZ administration were predicted using the Γ+-values of byakangelicin observed following YZP administration. RESULTS The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was successfully used to evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters after oral YZP, YH, or BZ administration. Our findings showed that co-administration of YH and BZ increased the AUC of four alkaloid constituents and reduced the AUC of three coumarin constituents, which might provide a scientific rationale for co-administering these herbs clinically as a YZP preparation, thus increasing their efficacy and reducing toxicity. The AUC values of imperatorin and isoimperatorin were predicted 3 h after oral BZ administration, with the bias ratios between the theoretical values and the observed experimental values ranging from 0.61% to 11.4%, and average bias ratios of 5.8% and 8.0%, respectively. The AUC values of tetrahydropalmatine, tetrahydroberberine, and corydaline were predicted 3 h after oral YZP administration, with bias ratios ranging from 3.7% to 46.4%, and average bias ratios of 23.8%, 15.4%, and 25.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic evaluations after oral administration of YZP, YH, and BZ to rats. The Γ+ variable was used to express the correlation between the AUC profiles of structurally similar compounds. This facilitated the development of an in silico model that was used to predict the AUC of three alkaloids in YZP and of two coumarins in BZ. Calculation of the bias ratios between the predicted and experimental values suggested that this in silico model provided a viable approach for the prediction of TCM pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Automotive Electronic Technology, Institute of Automation, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Ye Tao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Defeng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China; Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang 712046, PR China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
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Plappert-Helbig U, Libertini S, Frieauff W, Theil D, Martus HJ. Gamma-H2AX immunofluorescence for the detection of tissue-specific genotoxicity in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:4-16. [PMID: 30307065 DOI: 10.1002/em.22238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The phosphorylation of histone H2AX in Serine 139 (gamma-H2AX) marks regions of DNA double strand breaks and contributes to the recruitment of DNA repair factors to the site of DNA damage. Gamma-H2AX is used widely as DNA damage marker in vitro, but its use for genotoxicity assessment in vivo has not been extensively investigated. Here, we developed an image analysis system for the precise quantification of the gamma-H2AX signal, which we used to monitor DNA damage in animals treated with known genotoxicants (EMS, ENU and doxorubicin). To compare this new assay to a validated standard procedure for DNA damage quantification, tissues from the same animals were also analyzed in the comet assay. An increase in the levels of gamma-H2AX was observed in most of the tissues from animals treated with doxorubicin and ENU. Interestingly, the lesions induced by doxorubicin were not easily detected by the standard comet assay, while they were clearly identified by gamma-H2AX staining. Conversely, EMS appeared strongly positive in the comet assay but only mildly in the gamma-H2AX immunofluorescence. These observations suggest that the two methods could complement each other for DNA damage analysis, where gamma-H2AX staining allows the detection of tissue-specific effects in situ. Moreover, since gamma-H2AX staining can be performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections generated during repeated-dose toxicity studies, it does not require any further treatments or extra procedures during dissection, thus optimizing the use of resources and animals. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:4-16, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvana Libertini
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wilfried Frieauff
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diethilde Theil
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Jörg Martus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Turnock S, Gerbeix C, Thirion-Delalande C, Pearson N, Forster R. Assessment of phototoxicity in pigmented Long-Evans rat: sparfloxacin and 8-methoxypsoralen. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 92:303-314. [PMID: 29196029 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of photo-activated toxicity induced after administration of two known melanin-binding phototoxic compounds, sparfloxacin (SPX) and 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), followed or not by UVA/Vis exposure, in pigmented rats (Long Evans: LE) and albino rats (Sprague Dawley: SD). Groups of three rats were treated with SPX or 8-MOP by oral gavage for six consecutive days. Irradiated animals were submitted to a UVA/Vis light dose standardized to 10 J/cm2 UVA daily. Clinical signs, cutaneous reactions and body weight were monitored throughout the study period. Ear biopsy weight, lymph node weight and lymph node cell count were determined at necropsy. Ophthalmologic examinations were performed before the first treatment and on the day of sacrifice. Microscopic examinations were performed on skin biopsies and eyes. Phototoxicity was demonstrated for both SPX and 8-MOP in the pigmented and albino strains, in terms of auricular irritation, lymph node weight and proliferation index, cutaneous reactions and ocular histopathology. LE rats were less sensitive than SD rats, especially at the ocular level, supporting the notion that pigmentation may provide protection against photo-activation. The pigmented rat may be a more relevant model than the albino rat for human safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Turnock
- CiToxLAB France, 27005 Evreux, France; Kings College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Nick Pearson
- CiToxLAB France, 27005 Evreux, France; Pharmaceutical Sciences, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
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Morkunas V, Gabryte E, Vengris M, Danielius R, Danieliene E, Ruksenas O. DNA Damage in Bone Marrow Cells Induced by Femtosecond and Nanosecond Ultraviolet Laser Pulses. Photomed Laser Surg 2015; 33:585-91. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.3897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vaidotas Morkunas
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egle Gabryte
- Light Conversion Ltd., Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mikas Vengris
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Egle Danieliene
- Joint Stock Company Akiu Gydytoju Praktika, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Osvaldas Ruksenas
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Plappert-Helbig U, Guérard M. Inter-laboratory comparison of the in vivo comet assay including three image analysis systems. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:788-793. [PMID: 26248301 DOI: 10.1002/em.21964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To compare the extent of potential inter-laboratory variability and the influence of different comet image analysis systems, in vivo comet experiments were conducted using the genotoxicants ethyl methanesulfonate and methyl methanesulfonate. Tissue samples from the same animals were processed and analyzed-including independent slide evaluation by image analysis-in two laboratories with extensive experience in performing the comet assay. The analysis revealed low inter-laboratory experimental variability. Neither the use of different image analysis systems, nor the staining procedure of DNA (propidium iodide vs. SYBR® Gold), considerably impacted the results or sensitivity of the assay. In addition, relatively high stability of the staining intensity of propidium iodide-stained slides was found in slides that were refrigerated for over 3 months. In conclusion, following a thoroughly defined protocol and standardized routine procedures ensures that the comet assay is robust and generates comparable results between different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Plappert-Helbig
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, PreClinical Safety, 4057, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Guérard
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Pharmaceutical Science, Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, 4070, Switzerland
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11
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Critical issues with the in vivo comet assay: A report of the comet assay working group in the 6th International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 783:6-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Impact of sparfloxacin on melanogenesis and antioxidant defense system in normal human melanocytes HEMa-LP – An in vitro study. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Guérard M, Marchand C, Plappert-Helbig U. Influence of experimental conditions on data variability in the liver comet assay. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:114-121. [PMID: 24346955 DOI: 10.1002/em.21835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo comet assay has increasingly been used for regulatory genotoxicity testing in recent years. While it has been demonstrated that the experimental execution of the assay, for example, electrophoresis or scoring, can have a strong impact on the results; little is known on how initial steps, that is, from tissue sampling during necropsy up to slide preparation, can influence the comet assay results. Therefore, we investigated which of the multitude of steps in processing the liver for the comet assay are most critical. All together eight parameters were assessed by using liver samples of untreated animals. In addition, two of those parameters (temperature and storage time of liver before embedding into agarose) were further investigated in animals given a single oral dose of ethyl methanesulfonate at dose levels of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, 3 hr prior to necropsy. The results showed that sample cooling emerged as the predominant influence factor, whereas variations in other elements of the procedure (e.g., size of the liver piece sampled, time needed to process the liver tissue post-mortem, agarose temperature, or time of lysis) seem to be of little relevance. Storing of liver samples of up to 6 hr under cooled conditions did not cause an increase in tail intensity. In contrast, storing the tissue at room temperature, resulted in a considerable time-dependent increase in comet parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guérard
- pRED, Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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Arimoto-Kobayashi S. Photogenotoxicity and Photomutagenicity of Medicines, Carcinogens and Endogenous Compounds. Genes Environ 2014. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.2014.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Reus AA, Usta M, Kenny JD, Clements PJ, Pruimboom-Brees I, Aylott M, Lynch AM, Krul CA. The in vivo rat skin photomicronucleus assay: phototoxicity and photogenotoxicity evaluation of six fluoroquinolones. Mutagenesis 2012; 27:721-9. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Wang X, Lou YJ, Wang MX, Shi YW, Xu HX, Kong LD. Furocoumarins affect hepatic cytochrome P450 and renal organic ion transporters in mice. Toxicol Lett 2012; 209:67-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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17
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de Guidi G, Bracchitta G, Catalfo A. Photosensitization Reactions of Fluoroquinolones and Their Biological Consequences. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1214-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lynch AM, Guzzie PJ, Bauer D, Gocke E, Itoh S, Jacobs A, Krul CA, Schepky A, Tanaka N, Kasper P. Considerations on photochemical genotoxicity. II: Report of the 2009 International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing Working Group. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 723:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Greulich KO. Photons bring light into DNA repair: the comet assay and laser microbeams for studying photogenotoxicity of drugs and ageing. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2011; 4:165-171. [PMID: 21287688 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This contribution reviews recent applications of micromanipulation, by UV photons, in DNA repair and ageing research as well as in the evaluation of the phototoxicity of drugs. In some cases, micromanipulation is combined with the comet assay, a technique, which allows a direct view on DNA damages. It is shown that, in humans, the sensitivity of DNA to UV induced damage and its subsequent repair is surprisingly stable up to high age and that drugs which are usually non-toxic induce DNA damage when irradiated in parallel by UV irradiation. Using the immune fluorescent comet assay, IFCA, a variant of the comet assay, direct comparison of the effects of ionizing (137) Cs radiation with those of localized UV radiation is possible. When a laser microbeam is used to damage DNA in a cell nucleus with high temporal and spatial resolution, it can be observed directly how repair molecules accumulate (are recruited) at the site of damage. Comparison of the recruitment speed allows establishing an order of DNA repair events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Otto Greulich
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.
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Reus AA, van Meeuwen RNC, de Vogel N, Maas WJM, Krul CAM. Development and characterisation of an in vitro photomicronucleus test using ex vivo human skin tissue. Mutagenesis 2010; 26:261-8. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Development and characterization of an in vivo skin photomicronucleus assay in rats. Mutagenesis 2010; 25:407-16. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Hartmann A, Speit G. Comet Assay – Protocols and Testing Strategies. THE COMET ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/9781847559746-00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hartmann
- Novartis Pharma AG Preclinical Safety WKL105.4. 09 CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Günter Speit
- Universität Ulm Institut für Humangenetik D-89069 Ulm Germany
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Lhiaubet-Vallet V, Bosca F, Miranda MA. Photosensitized DNA damage: the case of fluoroquinolones. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:861-8. [PMID: 19320842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on DNA damage photosensitized by the fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibacterial drugs. The in vivo evidence for photocarcinogenesis mediated by FQs is presented in the introduction. The different methods employed for detection of DNA-photodamage mediated by FQs are then summarized, including gel electrophoresis (with whole cells, with isolated DNA and with oligonucleotides) and chromatographic analysis (especially HPLC with electrochemical and MS/MS detection). The chemical mechanisms involved in the formation of the reported lesions are discussed on the basis of product studies and transient spectroscopic evidence. In general, the literature coverage is limited to the last decade, although some earlier citations are also included.
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