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Ribeiro LA, Ferreira da Cunha W, de Almeida Fonseca AL, E Silva GM. Bloch oscillations in organic and inorganic polymers. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:144903. [PMID: 28411599 DOI: 10.1063/1.4979950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of polarons above the mobility threshold in organic and inorganic polymers is theoretically investigated in the framework of a one-dimensional tight-binding model that includes lattice relaxation. The computational approach is based on parameters for which the model Hamiltonian suitably describes different polymer lattices in the presence of external electric fields. Our findings show that, above critical field strengths, a dissociated polaron moves through the polymer lattice as a free electron performing Bloch oscillations. These critical electric fields are considerably smaller for inorganic lattices in comparison to organic polymers. Interestingly, for inorganic lattices, the free electron propagates preserving charge and spin densities' localization which is a characteristic of a static polaron. Moreover, in the turning points of the spatial Bloch oscillations, transient polaron levels are formed inside the band gap, thus generating a fully characterized polaron structure. For the organic case, on the other hand, no polaron signature is observed: neither in the shape of the distortion-those polaron profile signatures are absent-nor in the energy levels-as no such polaron levels are formed during the simulation. These results solve controversial aspects concerning Bloch oscillations recently reported in the literature and may enlighten the understanding about the charge transport mechanism in polymers above their mobility edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Antonio Ribeiro
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Abstract
Abstract
The numerous merits of conjugated polymers (CPs) have encouraged scientists to develop a variety of synthetic routes to CPs with diverse structures and functionalities. Among the large scope of substrates, alkyne plays an important role in constructing polymers with conjugated backbones. In addition to some well-developed reactions including Glaser–Hay and Sonogashira coupling, azide/thiol-yne click reaction and cyclotrimerization, some novel alkyne-based reactions have also been explored such as oxidative polycoupling, decarbonylative polycoupling and multicomponent tandem polymerizations. This review focuses on the recent progress on the synthetic methodology of CPs in the last five years using monomers with two or more triple bonds and some of their high-technological applications. Selected examples of materials properties of these CPs are given in this review, such as fluorescence response to chemical or physical stimuli, magnetism, white light emission, cell imaging and bioprobing. Finally, a short perspective is raised in regard to the outlook of the preparation methodologies, functionalities as well as potential applications of CPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Liu
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Höltzl T, Veszprémi T, Nguyen MT. Phosphaethyne polymers are analogues of cis-polyacetylene and graphane. CR CHIM 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2010.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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