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Min JH, Lee YJ, Kang HJ, Moon NR, Park YK, Joo ST, Jung YH. Characterization of Yeast Protein Hydrolysate for Potential Application as a Feed Additive. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:723-737. [PMID: 38765283 PMCID: PMC11097015 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeast protein can be a nutritionally suitable auxiliary protein source in livestock food. The breakdown of proteins and thereby generating high-quality peptide, typically provides nutritional benefits. Enzyme hydrolysis has been effectively uesed to generate peptides; however, studies on the potential applications of different types of enzymes to produce yeast protein hydrolysates remain limited. This study investigated the effects of endo- (alcalase and neutrase) and exotype (flavourzyme and prozyme 2000P) enzyme treatments on yeast protein. Endotype enzymes facilitate a higher hydrolysis efficiency in yeast proteins than exotype enzymes. The highest degree of hydrolysis was observed for the protein treated with neutrase, which was followed by alcalase, prozyme 2000P, and flavourzyme. Furthermore, endotype enzyme treated proteins exhibited higher solubility than their exotype counterparts. Notably, the more uniform particle size distribution was observed in endotype treated yeast protein. Moreover, compared with the original yeast protein, the enzymatic protein hydrolysates possessed a higher content of β-sheets structures, indicating their higher structural stability. Regardless of enzyme type, enzyme treated protein possessed a higher total free amino acid content including essential amino acids. Therefore, this study provides significant insights into the production of protein hydrolysates as an alternative protein material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Min
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hye Jee Kang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Na Rae Moon
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | | | - Seon-Tea Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Gagliardi M, Agostini M, Lunardelli F, Miranda A, Luminare AG, Cervelli F, Gambineri F, Cecchini M. A Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)-Based Lab-on-Chip for the Detection of Active α-Glycosidase. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1010. [PMID: 36421128 PMCID: PMC9688093 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme detection in liquid samples is a complex laboratory procedure, based on assays that are generally time- and cost-consuming, and require specialized personnel. Surface acoustic wave sensors can be used for this application, overcoming the cited limitations. To give our contribution, in this work we present the bottom-up development of a surface acoustic wave biosensor to detect active α-glycosidase in aqueous solutions. Our device, optimized to work at an ultra-high frequency (around 740 MHz), is functionalized with a newly synthesized probe 7-mercapto-1-eptyl-D-maltoside, bringing one maltoside terminal moiety. The probe is designed ad hoc for this application and tested in-cuvette to analyze the enzymatic conversion kinetics at different times, temperatures and enzyme concentrations. Preliminary data are used to optimize the detection protocol with the SAW device. In around 60 min, the SAW device is able to detect the enzymatic conversion of the maltoside unit into glucose in the presence of the active enzyme. We obtained successful α-glycosidase detection in the concentration range 0.15-150 U/mL, with an increasing signal in the range up to 15 U/mL. We also checked the sensor performance in the presence of an enzyme inhibitor as a control test, with a signal decrease of 80% in the presence of the inhibitor. The results demonstrate the synergic effect of our SAW Lab-on-a-Chip and probe design as a valid alternative to conventional laboratory tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Gagliardi
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Agostini
- INTA S.R.L., Intelligent Acoustics Systems, Via Nino Pisano 14, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Lunardelli
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INTA S.R.L., Intelligent Acoustics Systems, Via Nino Pisano 14, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Miranda
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INTA S.R.L., Intelligent Acoustics Systems, Via Nino Pisano 14, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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Cornelio VE, Pedroso MM, Afonso AS, Fernandes JB, da Silva MG, Faria RC, Vieira PC. New approach for natural products screening by real-time monitoring of hemoglobin hydrolysis using quartz crystal microbalance. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 862:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yazawa K, Furusawa H, Okahata Y. Real-time monitoring of intermediates reveals the reaction pathway in the thiol-disulfide exchange between disulfide bond formation protein A (DsbA) and B (DsbB) on a membrane-immobilized quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) system. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35969-81. [PMID: 24145032 PMCID: PMC3861646 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.519876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bond formation protein B (DsbBS-S,S-S) is an inner membrane protein in Escherichia coli that has two disulfide bonds (S-S, S-S) that play a role in oxidization of a pair of cysteine residues (SH, SH) in disulfide bond formation protein A (DsbASH,SH). The oxidized DsbAS-S, with one disulfide bond (S-S), can oxidize proteins with SH groups for maturation of a folding preprotein. Here, we have described the transient kinetics of the oxidation reaction between DsbASH,SH and DsbBS-S,S-S. We immobilized DsbBS-S,S-S embedded in lipid bilayers on the surface of a 27-MHz quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) device to detect both formation and degradation of the reaction intermediate (DsbA-DsbB), formed via intermolecular disulfide bonds, as a mass change in real time. The obtained kinetic parameters (intermediate formation, reverse, and oxidation rate constants (kf, kr, and kcat, respectively) indicated that the two pairs of cysteine residues in DsbBS-S,S-S were more important for the stability of the DsbA-DsbB intermediate than ubiquinone, an electron acceptor for DsbBS-S,S-S. Our data suggested that the reaction pathway of almost all DsbASH,SH oxidation processes would proceed through this stable intermediate, avoiding the requirement for ubiquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Yazawa
- From the Innovative Flex Course for Frontier Organic Material Systems (iFront), Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furusawa
- From the Innovative Flex Course for Frontier Organic Material Systems (iFront), Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshio Okahata
- From the Innovative Flex Course for Frontier Organic Material Systems (iFront), Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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Takahashi S, Isobe H, Ueda T, Okahata Y. Direct monitoring of initiation factor dynamics through formation of 30S and 70S translation-initiation complexes on a quartz crystal microbalance. Chemistry 2013; 19:6807-16. [PMID: 23536416 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Translation initiation is a dynamic and complicated process requiring the building a 70S initiation complex (70S-IC) composed of a ribosome, mRNA, and an initiator tRNA. During the formation of the 70S-IC, initiation factors (IFs: IF1, IF2, and IF3) interact with a ribosome to form a 30S initiation complex (30S-IC) and a 70S-IC. Although some spectroscopic analyses have been performed, the mechanism of binding and dissociation of IFs remains unclear. Here, we employed a 27 MHz quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to evaluate the process of bacterial IC formation in translation initiation by following frequency changes (mass changes). IFs (IF1, IF2, and IF3), N-terminally fused to biotin carboxyl carrier protein (bio-BCCP), were immobilized on a Neutravidin-covered QCM plate. By using bio-BCCP-IF2 immobilized to the QCM, three steps of the formation of ribosomal initiation complex could be sequentially observed as simple mass changes in real time: binding of a 30S complex to the immobilized IF2, a recruitment of 50S to the 30S-IC, and formation of the 70S-IC. The kinetic parameters implied that the release of IF2 from the 70S-IC could be the rate-limiting step in translation initiation. The IF3-immobilized QCM revealed that the affinity of IF3 for the 30S complex decreased upon the addition of mRNA and fMet-tRNA(fMet) but did not lead to complete dissociation from the 30S-IC. These results suggest that IF3 binds and stays bound to ICs, and its interaction mode is altered during the formation of 30S-IC and 70S-IC and is finally induced to dissociate from ICs by 50S binding. This methodology demonstrated here is applicable to investigate the role of IFs in translation initiation driven by other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Takahashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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Becker B, Cooper MA. A survey of the 2006-2009 quartz crystal microbalance biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2011; 24:754-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mori T, Ohtsuka T, Okahata Y. Kinetic analyses of bindings of Shiga-like toxin to clustered and dispersed Gb3 glyco-arrays on a quartz-crystal microbalance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:14118-14125. [PMID: 20666463 DOI: 10.1021/la102260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
One-, two-, four-, and eight-branched globotriaosyl saccharides (Gb(3): Gal-alpha1,4-Gal-beta1,4-Glc), whose reducing ends were biotinylated, were prepared (1Gb(3)-bio, 2Gb(3)-bio, 4Gb(3)-bio, and 8Gb(3)-bio, respectively). They are dispersively immobilized as a glyco-array in the matrix of biotinylated maltotriose (Glc(3)-bio) on a streptavidin-covered 27 MHz quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM). The binding kinetics of the verotoxin B subunit (VTB) to various branched Gb(3)-bio ligands in the Glc(3)-bio matrix could be obtained from frequency decreases (mass increases) of the QCM. VTB can recognize the Gb(3) unit but not the Glc(3) unit, where VTB is a pentamer having five binding sites for one Gb(3) unit per each B subunit (having a total of 15 binding sites for Gb(3)). By changing the Gb(3) multivalency, the Gb(3) packing density, and the Gb(3) cluster size in the Glc(3) matrix, association constants (K(a)), maximum amounts bound (Delta m(max)), and binding and dissociation rate constants (k(on) and k(off)) were obtained. When 15 sites of VTB were recognized by 16 Gb(3) units, K(a) was 100 times larger than that when 15 sites of VTB were recognized by only 2 Gb(3) units, with a 6-fold-larger k(on) and a 25-fold-smaller k(off). When the Gb(3) multivalency was changed by covering with two 1Gb(3)-bio, 2Gb(3)-bio, 4Gb(3)-bio, or 8Gb(3)-bio ligands on two pockets of one streptavidin, the K(a) values increased with increasing branch number from one to eight. When the Gb(3) cluster size was changed from eight 1Gb(3)-bio units to one 8Gb(3)-bio unit in the matrix, the K(a) values increased but the Delta m(max) values decreased with increasing cluster size from eight 1Gb(3)-bio units to one 8Gb(3)-bio unit. This is the first example of systematically obtaining all kinetic parameters of sugar-binding proteins to sugars on a glyco-array by changing the sugar multivalency, the sugar packing density, and the sugar cluster size in the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Mori
- Japan Science and Technology Agency-Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan.
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Mori T, Toyoda M, Ohtsuka T, Okahata Y. Kinetic analyses for bindings of concanavalin A to dispersed and condensed mannose surfaces on a quartz crystal microbalance. Anal Biochem 2009; 395:211-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Furusawa H, Ozeki T, Morita M, Okahata Y. Added Mass Effect on Immobilizations of Proteins on a 27 MHz Quartz Crystal Microbalance in Aqueous Solution. Anal Chem 2009; 81:2268-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802412t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Furusawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology and SENTAN, JST, 4259 Nagatsuda, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan, and Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Ozeki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology and SENTAN, JST, 4259 Nagatsuda, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan, and Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mizuki Morita
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology and SENTAN, JST, 4259 Nagatsuda, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan, and Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoshio Okahata
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology and SENTAN, JST, 4259 Nagatsuda, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan, and Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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Furusawa H, Komatsu M, Okahata Y. In Situ Monitoring of Conformational Changes of and Peptide Bindings to Calmodulin on a 27 MHz Quartz-Crystal Microbalance. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1841-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8022229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Furusawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Mayu Komatsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshio Okahata
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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