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Xiao R, Wei W, Li J, Xiao C, Yao H, Liu H. Constructing combinational and sequential logic devices through an intelligent electrocatalytic interface with immobilized MoS2 quantum dots and enzymes. Talanta 2022; 248:123615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Magri DC. Logical sensing with fluorescent molecular logic gates based on photoinduced electron transfer. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhang X, Chen L, Lim KH, Gonuguntla S, Lim KW, Pranantyo D, Yong WP, Yam WJT, Low Z, Teo WJ, Nien HP, Loh QW, Soh S. The Pathway to Intelligence: Using Stimuli-Responsive Materials as Building Blocks for Constructing Smart and Functional Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804540. [PMID: 30624820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Systems that are intelligent have the ability to sense their surroundings, analyze, and respond accordingly. In nature, many biological systems are considered intelligent (e.g., humans, animals, and cells). For man-made systems, artificial intelligence is achieved by massively sophisticated electronic machines (e.g., computers and robots operated by advanced algorithms). On the other hand, freestanding materials (i.e., not tethered to a power supply) are usually passive and static. Hence, herein, the question is asked: can materials be fabricated so that they are intelligent? One promising approach is to use stimuli-responsive materials; these "smart" materials use the energy supplied by a stimulus available from the surrounding for performing a corresponding action. After decades of research, many interesting stimuli-responsive materials that can sense and perform smart functions have been developed. Classes of functions discussed include practical functions (e.g., targeting and motion), regulatory functions (e.g., self-regulation and amplification), and analytical processing functions (e.g., memory and computing). The pathway toward creating truly intelligent materials can involve incorporating a combination of these different types of functions into a single integrated system by using stimuli-responsive materials as the basic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Linfeng Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Kang Hui Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Spandhana Gonuguntla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Kang Wen Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Dicky Pranantyo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wai Pong Yong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wei Jian Tyler Yam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhida Low
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wee Joon Teo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Hao Ping Nien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Qiao Wen Loh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Bag SS, Gogoi H. Design of "Click" Fluorescent Labeled 2'-deoxyuridines via C5-[4-(2-Propynyl(methyl)amino)]phenyl Acetylene as a Universal Linker: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Interaction with BSA. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7606-7621. [PMID: 29877080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microenvironment-sensitive fluorescent nucleosides present attractive advantages over single-emitting dyes for sensing inter-biomolecular interactions involving DNA. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of triazolyl push-pull fluorophore-labeled uridines via the intermediacy of C5-[4-(2-propynyl(methyl)amino)]phenyl acetylene as a universal linker. The synthesized nucleosides showed interesting solvatochromic characteristic and/or intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) features. A few of them also exhibited dual-emitting characteristics evidencing our designing concept. The HOMO-LUMO distribution showed that the emissive states of these nucleosides were characterized with more significant electron redistribution between the C5-[4-(2-propynyl(methyl)amino)]phenyl triazolyl donor moiety and the aromatic chromophores linked to it, leading to modulated emission property. The solvent polarity sensitivity of these nucleosides was also tested. The synthesized triazolyl benzonitrile (10C), naphthyl (10E), and pyrenyl (10G) nucleosides were found to exhibit interesting ICT and dual (LE/ICT) emission properties. The dual-emitting pyrenyl nucleoside maintained a good ratiometric response in the BSA protein microenvironment, enabling the switch-on ratiometric sensing of BSA as the only protein biomolecule. Thus, it is expected that the new fluorescent nucleoside analogues would be useful in designing DNA probes for nucleic acid analysis or studying DNA-protein interactions via a drastic change in fluorescence response due to a change in micropolarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Sekhar Bag
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Hiranya Gogoi
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 , India
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Ran X, Wang Z, Ju E, Pu F, Song Y, Ren J, Qu X. An intelligent 1:2 demultiplexer as an intracellular theranostic device based on DNA/Ag cluster-gated nanovehicles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:065501. [PMID: 29226844 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa09a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The logic device demultiplexer can convey a single input signal into one of multiple output channels. The choice of the output channel is controlled by a selector. Several molecules and biomolecules have been used to mimic the function of a demultiplexer. However, the practical application of logic devices still remains a big challenge. Herein, we design and construct an intelligent 1:2 demultiplexer as a theranostic device based on azobenzene (azo)-modified and DNA/Ag cluster-gated nanovehicles. The configuration of azo and the conformation of the DNA ensemble can be regulated by light irradiation and pH, respectively. The demultiplexer which uses light as the input and acid as the selector can emit red fluorescence or a release drug under different conditions. Depending on different cells, the intelligent logic device can select the mode of cellular imaging in healthy cells or tumor therapy in tumor cells. The study incorporates the logic gate with the theranostic device, paving the way for tangible applications of logic gates in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China. School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, People's Republic of China
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Naren G, Li S, Andréasson J. One-Time Password Generation and Two-Factor Authentication Using Molecules and Light. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1726-1729. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaowa Naren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry; Chalmers University of Technology; 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry; Chalmers University of Technology; 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry; Chalmers University of Technology; 41296 Göteborg Sweden
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Implementation of Arithmetic and Nonarithmetic Functions on a Label-free and DNA-based Platform. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34810. [PMID: 27713517 PMCID: PMC5054380 DOI: 10.1038/srep34810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of complex logic gates were constructed based on graphene oxide and DNA-templated silver nanoclusters to perform both arithmetic and nonarithmetic functions. For the purpose of satisfying the requirements of progressive computational complexity and cost-effectiveness, a label-free and universal platform was developed by integration of various functions, including half adder, half subtractor, multiplexer and demultiplexer. The label-free system avoided laborious modification of biomolecules. The designed DNA-based logic gates can be implemented with readout of near-infrared fluorescence, and exhibit great potential applications in the field of bioimaging as well as disease diagnosis.
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Bag SS, Jana S, Pradhan MK. Synthesis, photophysical properties of triazolyl-donor/acceptor chromophores decorated unnatural amino acids: Incorporation of a pair into Leu-enkephalin peptide and application of triazolylperylene amino acid in sensing BSA. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3579-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Jin CC, Fukuda M, Wu C, Jiang X, Ni XL, Zeng X, Redshaw C, Yamato T. A pyrene-armed hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene as a multi-sensor via synergistic and demetallation effects. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gao RR, Shi S, Zhu Y, Huang HL, Yao TM. A RET-supported logic gate combinatorial library to enable modeling and implementation of intelligent logic functions. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1853-1861. [PMID: 29899907 PMCID: PMC5964972 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03570h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A logic gate combinatorial library, including basic logic gates, a single three-input NOR gate, and combinatorial gates to realize intelligent logic functions (keypad-lock, parity checker) is constructed.
Boolean logic gates integrate multiple digital inputs into a digital output. Among these, logic gates based on nucleic acids have attracted a great deal of attention due to the prospect of controlling living systems in the way we control electronic computers. Herein, by employing Thioflavin T (ThT) as a signal transducer, we integrated multiple components based on RET (a type of proto-oncogene) into a logic gate combinatorial library, including basic logic gates (NOR, INHIBIT, IMPLICATION), a single three-input NOR gate, and combinatorial gates (INHIBIT–OR, NOT–AND–NOR). In this library, gates were connected in series where the output of the previous gate was the input for the next gate. Subsequently, by taking advantage of the library, some intelligent logic functions were realized. Expectedly, a biocomputing keypad-lock security system was designed by sequential logic operations. Moreover, a parity checker which can identify even numbers and odd numbers from natural numbers was established successfully. This work helps elucidate the design rules by which simple logic can be harnessed to produce diverse and complex calculations by rewiring communication between different gates. Together, our system may serve as a promising proof of principle that demonstrates increased computational complexity by linking multiple logic gates together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Ru Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability , Department of Chemistry , Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Shuo Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability , Department of Chemistry , Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Ying Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability , Department of Chemistry , Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Hai-Liang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability , Department of Chemistry , Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Tian-Ming Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability , Department of Chemistry , Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , P. R. China . ;
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He Y, Yu H. Multifunctional gold nanoparticles as signal transducers for fabrication of 1:2 molecular demultiplexer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6741-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Huang WT, Luo HQ, Li NB. Boolean Logic Tree of Graphene-Based Chemical System for Molecular Computation and Intelligent Molecular Search Query. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4494-500. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5004008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments
in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Tiansheng
Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Hong Qun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments
in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Tiansheng
Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Nian Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments
in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Tiansheng
Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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Zhao L, Xia W, Yang C. Fluorescent 1:2 demultiplexer and half-subtractor based on the hydrolysis of N-salicylidene-3-aminopyridine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 117:397-401. [PMID: 24001980 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In moist chloroform solution, the ultraviolet light irradiation would cause N-salicylidene-3-aminopyridine (L) to hydrolyze into salicylaldehyde and 3-aminopyridine. To consider an optical signal (UV light) and a chemical signal (Zn(2+)) as inputs, the luminescence signals as outputs, the logic behavior of compound L was investigated. Interestingly, excited by two different wavelengths lights, two sharp distinct fluorescent spectra were collected. Consequently, a fluorescent 1:2 demultiplexer and a fluorescent half-subtractor were respectively expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zhao
- The State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment & Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3026, 2 Yikuang Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, PR China
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Belfon KA, Gough JD. Theoretical analysis of an all-photonic multifunctional molecular logic device: Using TD-DFT//DFT to assess photochromic activity of multimeric photochrome. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Erbas-Cakmak S, Akkaya EU. Cascading of Molecular Logic Gates for Advanced Functions: A Self-Reporting, Activatable Photosensitizer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11364-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Erbas-Cakmak S, Akkaya EU. Cascading of Molecular Logic Gates for Advanced Functions: A Self-Reporting, Activatable Photosensitizer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Development of a DNA sensor using a molecular logic gate. J Biol Phys 2013; 39:387-94. [PMID: 23860915 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-012-9295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This communication reports the increase in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency between two laser dyes in the presence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Two types of molecular logic gates have been designed where DNA acts as input signal and fluorescence intensity of different bands are taken as output signal. Use of these logic gates as a DNA sensor has been demonstrated.
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Bag SS, Pradhan MK, Kundu R, Jana S. Highly solvatochromic fluorescent naphthalimides: Design, synthesis, photophysical properties and fluorescence switch-on sensing of ct-DNA. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013. [PMID: 23206865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Erbas-Cakmak S, Bozdemir OA, Cakmak Y, Akkaya EU. Proof of principle for a molecular 1 : 2 demultiplexer to function as an autonomously switching theranostic device. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21499g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Abstract
The enzyme system was used to mimic the D-flip-flop memory unit. The reversible conversion of NAD(+) and NADH cofactors was used to encode the states of the memory unit, while a mixture of inhibitors was used as the Clock input and the substrates were used as the Data input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin MacVittie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
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22
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Pischel U, Andréasson J, Gust D, Pais VF. Information Processing with Molecules-Quo Vadis? Chemphyschem 2012; 14:28-46. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Xu S, Hao YX, Sun W, Fang CJ, Lu X, Li MN, Zhao M, Peng SQ, Yan CH. 2:1 multiplexing function in a simple molecular system. SENSORS 2012; 12:4421-30. [PMID: 22666037 PMCID: PMC3355418 DOI: 10.3390/s120404421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
1-[(Anthracen-9-yl)methylene] thiosemicarbazide shows weak fluorescence due to a photo-induced electron transfer (PET) process from the thiosemicarbazide moiety to the excited anthracene. The anthracene emission can be recovered via protonation of the amine as the protonated aminomethylene as an electron-withdrawing group that suppresses the PET process. Similarly, chelation between the ligand and the metal ions can also suppress the PET process and results in a fluorescence enhancement (CHEF). When solvents are introduced as the third control, a molecular 2:1 multiplexer is constructed to report selectively the inputs. Therefore, a molecular 2:1 multiplexer is realized in a simple molecular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Xu
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; E-Mails: (S.X.); (Y.-X.H.); (X.L.); (M.-N.L.)
| | - Yu-Xin Hao
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; E-Mails: (S.X.); (Y.-X.H.); (X.L.); (M.-N.L.)
| | - Wei Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & PKU-HKU Joint Lab in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; E-Mail:
| | - Chen-Jie Fang
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; E-Mails: (S.X.); (Y.-X.H.); (X.L.); (M.-N.L.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.-J.F.); (M.Z.); (S.-Q.P.); (C.-H.Y.); Tel.: +86-10-8391-1523 (C.-J.F.); Fax: +86-10-8391-1533 (C.-J.F.)
| | - Xing Lu
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; E-Mails: (S.X.); (Y.-X.H.); (X.L.); (M.-N.L.)
| | - Min-Na Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; E-Mails: (S.X.); (Y.-X.H.); (X.L.); (M.-N.L.)
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; E-Mails: (S.X.); (Y.-X.H.); (X.L.); (M.-N.L.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.-J.F.); (M.Z.); (S.-Q.P.); (C.-H.Y.); Tel.: +86-10-8391-1523 (C.-J.F.); Fax: +86-10-8391-1533 (C.-J.F.)
| | - Shi-Qi Peng
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; E-Mails: (S.X.); (Y.-X.H.); (X.L.); (M.-N.L.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.-J.F.); (M.Z.); (S.-Q.P.); (C.-H.Y.); Tel.: +86-10-8391-1523 (C.-J.F.); Fax: +86-10-8391-1533 (C.-J.F.)
| | - Chun-Hua Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & PKU-HKU Joint Lab in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.-J.F.); (M.Z.); (S.-Q.P.); (C.-H.Y.); Tel.: +86-10-8391-1523 (C.-J.F.); Fax: +86-10-8391-1533 (C.-J.F.)
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Luxami V, Kumar S. A differential ICT based molecular probe for multi-ions and multifunction logic circuits. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:4588-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11926a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Chen S, Yang Y, Wu Y, Tian H, Zhu W. Multi-addressable photochromic terarylene containing benzo[b]thiophene-1,1-dioxide unit as ethene bridge: multifunctional molecular logic gates on unimolecular platform. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm14973g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Gust D, Andréasson J, Pischel U, Moore TA, Moore AL. Data and signal processing using photochromic molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1947-57. [PMID: 22138622 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15329c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devens Gust
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85202, USA.
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Pais VF, Remón P, Collado D, Andréasson J, Pérez-Inestrosa E, Pischel U. OFF-ON-OFF fluorescence switch with T-latch function. Org Lett 2011; 13:5572-5. [PMID: 21932803 PMCID: PMC3195312 DOI: 10.1021/ol202312n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel molecular system with characteristics of an OFF-ON-OFF fluorescence switch was designed to integrate the function of a T-latch. In detail, a receptor(1)-fluorophore-receptor(2) architecture was adopted to achieve fluorescence switching upon addition of protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia F Pais
- Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO) and Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Química Física y Química Orgánica, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
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Ni XL, Zeng X, Redshaw C, Yamato T. Ratiometric fluorescent receptors for both Zn2+ and H2PO4(-) ions based on a pyrenyl-linked triazole-modified homooxacalix[3]arene: a potential molecular traffic signal with an R-S latch logic circuit. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5696-702. [PMID: 21630671 DOI: 10.1021/jo2007303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A ratiometric fluorescent receptor with a C(3) symmetric structure based on a pyrene-linked triazole-modified homooxacalix[3]arene (L) was synthesized and characterized. This system exhibited an interesting ratiometric detection signal output for targeting cations and anions through switching the excimer emission of pyrene from the "on-off" to the "off-on" type in neutral solution. (1)H NMR titration results suggested that the Zn(2+) center of receptor L·Zn(2+) provided an excellent pathway of organizing anion binding groups for optimal host-guest interactions. It is thus believed that this receptor has potential application in sensing, detection, and recognition of both Zn(2+) and H(2)PO(4)(-) ions with different optical signals. In addition, the fluorescence emission changes by the inputs of Zn(2+) and H(2)PO(4)(-) ions can be viewed as a combinational R-S latch logic circuit at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-long Ni
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Andréasson J, Pischel U, Straight SD, Moore TA, Moore AL, Gust D. All-photonic multifunctional molecular logic device. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11641-8. [PMID: 21563823 PMCID: PMC3144677 DOI: 10.1021/ja203456h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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Photochromes are photoswitchable, bistable chromophores which, like transistors, can implement binary logic operations. When several photochromes are combined in one molecule, interactions between them such as energy and electron transfer allow design of simple Boolean logic gates and more complex logic devices with all-photonic inputs and outputs. Selective isomerization of individual photochromes can be achieved using light of different wavelengths, and logic outputs can employ absorption and emission properties at different wavelengths, thus allowing a single molecular species to perform several different functions, even simultaneously. Here, we report a molecule consisting of three linked photochromes that can be configured as AND, XOR, INH, half-adder, half-subtractor, multiplexer, demultiplexer, encoder, decoder, keypad lock, and logically reversible transfer gate logic devices, all with a common initial state. The system demonstrates the advantages of light-responsive molecules as multifunctional, reconfigurable nanoscale logic devices that represent an approach to true molecular information processing units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
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30
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Bag SS, Kundu R. Installation/Modulation of the Emission Response via Click Reaction. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3348-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200231k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Sekhar Bag
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati-781039, India
| | - Rajen Kundu
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati-781039, India
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31
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32
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Baroncini M, Semeraro M, Credi A. Processing Chemical and Photonic Signals by Artificial Multicomponent Molecular Systems. Isr J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Puntoriero F, Nastasi F, Bura T, Ziessel R, Campagna S, Giannetto A. Molecular logics: a mixed bodipy–bipyridine dye behaving as a concealable molecular switch. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Melnikov D, Strack G, Zhou J, Windmiller JR, Halámek J, Bocharova V, Chuang MC, Santhosh P, Privman V, Wang J, Katz E. Enzymatic AND Logic Gates Operated Under Conditions Characteristic of Biomedical Applications. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:12166-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp105912e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Melnikov
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, and Department of NanoEngineering, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Guinevere Strack
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, and Department of NanoEngineering, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, and Department of NanoEngineering, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Joshua Ray Windmiller
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, and Department of NanoEngineering, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, and Department of NanoEngineering, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Vera Bocharova
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, and Department of NanoEngineering, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Min-Chieh Chuang
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, and Department of NanoEngineering, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Padmanabhan Santhosh
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, and Department of NanoEngineering, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Vladimir Privman
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, and Department of NanoEngineering, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, and Department of NanoEngineering, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Evgeny Katz
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, and Department of NanoEngineering, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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36
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Keirstead AE, Bridgewater JW, Terazono Y, Kodis G, Straight S, Liddell PA, Moore AL, Moore TA, Gust D. Photochemical "triode" molecular signal transducer. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6588-95. [PMID: 20408535 DOI: 10.1021/ja1019595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A molecular "hexad" in which five bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) fluorophores and a dithienylethene photochrome are organized by a central hexaphenylbenzene unit has been prepared. Singlet-singlet energy transfer among the BPEA units occurs on the 0.4 and 60 ps time scales, and when the dithienylethene is in the open form, the BPEA units fluoresce in the 515 nm region with a quantum yield near unity. When the dithienylethene is photoisomerized by UV light to the closed form, which absorbs in the 500-700 nm region, the closed isomer strongly quenches all of the excited singlet states of BPEA via energy transfer, causing the fluorescence quantum yield to drop to near zero. This photochemical behavior permits the hexad to function in a manner analogous to a triode vacuum tube or transistor. When a solution of the hexad is irradiated with steady-state light at 350 nm and with red light (>610 nm) of modulated intensity, the BPEA fluorescence excited by the 350 nm light is modulated accordingly. The fluorescence corresponds to the output of a triode tube or transistor and the modulated red light to the grid signal of the tube or gate voltage of the transistor. Frequency modulation, amplitude modulation, and phase modulation are all observed. The unusual ability to modulate intense, shorter-wavelength fluorescence with longer-wavelength light could be useful for the detection of fluorescence from probe molecules without interference from other emitters in biomolecular or nanotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Keirstead
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
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Arugula MA, Bocharova V, Halámek J, Pita M, Katz E. Enzyme-based multiplexer and demultiplexer. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:5222-6. [PMID: 20350002 DOI: 10.1021/jp101101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A digital 2-to-1 multiplexer and a 1-to-2 demultiplexer were mimicked by biocatalytic reactions involving concerted operation of several enzymes. Using glucose oxidase (GOx) and laccase (Lac) as the data input signals and variable pH as the addressing signal, ferrocyanide oxidation in the output channel was selectively activated by one from two inputs, thus mimicking the multiplexer operation. A demultiplexer based on the enzyme system composed of GOx, glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) allowed selective activation of different output channels (oxidation of ferrocyanide or reduction of NAD(+)) by the glucose input. The selection of the output channel was controlled by the addressing input of NAD(+). The designed systems represent important novel components of future branched enzyme networks processing biochemical signals for biosensing and bioactuating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Arugula
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, and NanoBio Laboratory, Clarkson University, Potsdam New York 13699-5810, USA
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38
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Bai YC, Zhang C, Fang CJ, Yan CH. Logic Information Communication in a Fluorescent Molecular Switch. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:1870-4. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Podborska A, Szaciłowski K. Towards 'Computer-on-a-Particle' Devices: Optoelectronic 1:2 Demultiplexer Based on Nanostructured Cadmium Sulfide. Aust J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline sulfur-doped cadmium sulfide (CdS) prepared by microwave synthesis was investigated. Photoelectrochemical and optical characteristics of sulfur-doped CdS exhibit the photoelectrochemical photocurrent switching effect. Depending on the wavelength and applied bias, the anodic and/or cathodic photocurrent was observed. The unusual behaviour of nanocrystalline CdS allowed the construction of a combinatorial logic system from this material.
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Abstract
This Review gives a short introduction into molecular logic and focusses then on the latest advances in the field. With regard to complex logic circuits and functions, molecular devices for arithmetic processing (adders and subtractors), multiplexers/demultiplexers, and encoders/decoders are discussed. Further on, the concept of memory for data storage and sequential logic is considered together with the latest results on molecular keypad locks. Molecular logic has been often connected to the future aim of molecular computing. However, albeit the herein described approaches constitute a starting point, major challenges like concatenation of gates, solid state devices and compartmentalization, and alternative concepts (reversible logic, multivalued logic) are waiting ahead. These points are included, as well as a view on alternative applications of molecular logic in bio-inspired approaches, combinatorial chemistry, and materials science.
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Upadhyay KK, Kumar A, Mishra RK, Fyles TM, Upadhyay S, Thapliyal K. Reversible colorimetric switching of thiophene hydrazone based on complementary IMP/INH logic functions. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kumar M, Dhir A, Bhalla V. Molecular trafficking based on latch circuit. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6744-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01860k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Dickson SJ, Swinburne AN, Paterson MJ, Lloyd GO, Beeby A, Steed JW. A Simple Fluorescent Ion-Pair Binding Host that Acts as an “If-Then” Logic Gate. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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46
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Andréasson J, Straight SD, Moore TA, Moore AL, Gust D. An All-Photonic Molecular Keypad Lock. Chemistry 2009; 15:3936-9. [PMID: 19283815 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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47
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Silvi S, Constable EC, Housecroft CE, Beves JE, Dunphy EL, Tomasulo M, Raymo FM, Credi A. All-optical integrated logic operations based on chemical communication between molecular switches. Chemistry 2009; 15:178-85. [PMID: 19021180 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Molecular logic gates process physical or chemical "inputs" to generate "outputs" based on a set of logical operators. We report the design and operation of a chemical ensemble in solution that behaves as integrated AND, OR, and XNOR gates with optical input and output signals. The ensemble is composed of a reversible merocyanine-type photoacid and a ruthenium polypyridine complex that functions as a pH-controlled three-state luminescent switch. The light-triggered release of protons from the photoacid is used to control the state of the transition-metal complex. Therefore, the two molecular switching devices communicate with one another through the exchange of ionic signals. By means of such a double (optical-chemical-optical) signal-transduction mechanism, inputs of violet light modulate a luminescence output in the red/far-red region of the visible spectrum. Nondestructive reading is guaranteed because the green light used for excitation in the photoluminescence experiments does not affect the state of the gate. The reset is thermally driven and, thus, does not involve the addition of chemicals and accumulation of byproducts. Owing to its reversibility and stability, this molecular device can afford many cycles of digital operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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48
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Budyka MF, Potashova NI, Gavrishova TN, Lee VM. Reconfigurable molecular logic gate operating in polymer film. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b908562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Amelia M, Baroncini M, Credi A. A Simple Unimolecular Multiplexer/Demultiplexer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Amelia M, Baroncini M, Credi A. A Simple Unimolecular Multiplexer/Demultiplexer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6240-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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