1
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Incorporating Sodium to Boost the Activity of Aluminium TrenSal Complexes towards
rac
‐Lactide Polymerisation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2
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Xing T, Jiang C, Elsegood MRJ, Redshaw C. Lithiated Calix[ n]arenes ( n = 6 or 8): Synthesis, Structures, and Use in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15543-15556. [PMID: 34596403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of lithiated calix[n]arenes, for which n = 6 or 8, have been isolated, structurally characterized, and evaluated as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the cyclic esters ε-caprolactone (ε-CL), δ-valerolactone (δ-VL), and rac-lactide (r-LA). In particular, interaction of p-tert-butylcalix[6]areneH6 (L6H6) with LiOtBu in THF led to the isolation of [Li14(L6H)2(CO3)2(THF)6(OH2)6]·14THF (1·14THF), the core of which has a chain of five Li2O2 diamonds. Similar use of p-tert-butylcalix[8]areneH8 (L8H8) afforded [Li10(L8)(OH)2(THF)8]·7THF (2·7THF), where the core is composed of a six-rung Li-O ladder. Use of debutylated calix[8]areneH8 (deBuL8H8) led to an elongated dimer [Li18(deBuL8)2(OtBu)2(THF)14]·4THF (3·4THF) in which the calix[8]arenes possess a wavelike conformation forming bridges to link three separate LixOy clusters (where x and y = 6, ignoring the THF donor oxygens). Interaction of L8H8 with LiOH·H2O afforded [Li4(L8H4)(OH2)4(THF)6]·5.5THF (4·5.5THF), where intramolecular H-bond interactions involving Li, O, and H construct a cage in the core of the structure with six- and eight-membered rings. Lastly, addition of Me3Al to the solution generated from L8H8 and LiOtBu led to the isolation of [(AlMe2)2Li20(L8H2)2(OH2)4(O2-)4(OH)2(NCMe)12]·10MeCN (5·10MeCN) in which Li, O, Al, and N centers build a polyhedral core. These complexes have been screened for their potential to act as precatalysts in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-CL, δ-VL, and r-LA. For the ROP of ε-CL, δ-VL, and r-LA, systems 1-4 exhibited moderate activity at 130 °C over 8 h. In the case of ROP using the mixed-metal (Li/Al) system 5, better conversions and high molecular weight polymers were achieved. In the case of the ROP of ω-pentadecalactone (ω-PDL), the systems proved to be inactive under the conditions employed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xing
- Plastics Collaboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Chengying Jiang
- Chemistry Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Mark R J Elsegood
- Chemistry Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Plastics Collaboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
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3
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Pérez‐Pérez J, Hernández‐Balderas U, Martínez‐Otero D, Moya‐Cabrera M, Jancik V. Alkali Metallosilicates: Synthesis, Structure and Evaluation in the ROP of ϵ‐Caprolactone. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Pérez‐Pérez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Química Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM Carr. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 50200 Toluca Estado de México México
| | - Uvaldo Hernández‐Balderas
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Química Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM Carr. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 50200 Toluca Estado de México México
| | - Diego Martínez‐Otero
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Química Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM Carr. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 50200 Toluca Estado de México México
| | - Mónica Moya‐Cabrera
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Química Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM Carr. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 50200 Toluca Estado de México México
| | - Vojtech Jancik
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Química Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM Carr. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 50200 Toluca Estado de México México
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4
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Santoro O, Elsegood MRJ, Teat SJ, Yamato T, Redshaw C. Lithium calix[4]arenes: structural studies and use in the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11304-11317. [PMID: 35423659 PMCID: PMC8695813 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have structurally characterized a number of lithiated calix[4]arenes, where the bridge in the calix[4]arene is thia (–S–, LSH4), sulfinyl (–SO–, LSOH4), sulfonyl (–SO2–, LSO2H4), dimethyleneoxa (–CH2OCH2–, LCOCH4) or methylene (–CH2–, LH4). In the case of L4SH4, interaction with LiOtBu led to the isolation of the complex [Li8(L4S)2(THF)4]·5THF (1·5THF), whilst similar interaction of L4SOH4 led to the isolation of [Li6(L4SOH)2(THF)2]·5(THF) (2·5THF). Interestingly, the mixed sulfinyl/sulfonyl complexes [Li8(calix[4]arene(SO)(SO2)(SO1.68)2)2(THF)6]·8(THF) (3·8THF) and [Li5Na(LSO/3SO2H)2(THF)5]·7.5(THF) (4·7.5(THF) have also been characterized. Interaction of LiOtBu with LSO2H4 and LCOCH4 afforded [Li5L4SO2(OH)(THF)4]·2THF (5·2THF) and [Li6(LCOC)2(HOtBu)2]·0.78THF·1.22hexane (6·0.78THF·1.22hexane), respectively. In the case of LH4, reaction with LiOtBu in THF afforded a monoclinic polymorph [LH2Li2(thf)(OH2)2]·3THF (7·3THF) of a known triclinic form of the complex, whilst reaction of the de-butylated analogue of LH4, namely de-BuLH4, afforded a polymeric chain structure {[Li5(de-BuL)(OH)(NCMe)3]·2MeCN}n (8·2MeCN). For comparative catalytic studies, the complex [Li6(LPr)2(H2O)2]·hexane (9 hexane), where LPr2H2 = 1,3-di-n-propyloxycalix[4]areneH2, was also prepared. The molecular crystal structures of 1–9 are reported, and their ability to act as catalysts for the ring opening (co-)/polymerization (ROP) of the cyclic esters ε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, and rac-lactide has been investigated. In most of the cases, complex 6 outperformed the other systems, allowing for higher conversions and/or greated polymer Mn. Novel Li-calix[n]arene complexes (n = 3, 4) having (–S–), (–SO–), (–SO2–), (–CH2OCH2–) or (–CH2–) bridges have been synthesized and fully characterized. Their catalytic activity in the ring opening polymerization of lactones has been studied.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Santoro
- Plastics Collaboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | | | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source
- Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Takehiko Yamato
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Saga University
- Saga-shi
- Japan
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Plastics Collaboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
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5
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Marszałek-Harych A, Trybuła D, Jędrzkiewicz D, Ejfler J. Scrabbling around in Synthetic Nuances Managing Sodium Compounds: Bisphenol/Bisnaphthol Synthesis by Hydroxyl Group Masking. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6895-6904. [PMID: 32353236 PMCID: PMC7467675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A unique
method of bisphenol/bisnaphthol synthesis is being proposed,
serendipitously discovered in the course of the careful analysis of
an aminophenol methylation reaction. The insightful exploration of
the synthesis of N- or O-methylated species, originating from functionalized
phenols obtained by a conventional strategy, provided the opportunity
to discover an unexpected reaction pathway yielding various bisphenols.
Sodium complexes were found to be crucial intermediates in the synthetic
scenario. Their formation, which is usually an imperceptive step,
was substantial for the productive outcome of functional group protection.
Thorough exploration revealed an essential structural motif of aminophenolate,
necessary for the successful outcome of the reaction, and also enabled
establishing the limitations of the new method. The work demonstrated
that a slight change in the perspective and close inspection of the
synthetic nuances can answer the important question concerning what
a specific target-oriented synthesis strategy is lacking. The protection of the hydroxyl group of aminophenols with
use of MeI—a general and, in many cases, excellent methylation
reagent—was investigated. In-depth understanding of the mechanistic
aspects of methyl protective group incorporation provided a practical
guide for its application in organic synthesis, but it also opened
a new route for the synthesis of an original group of bisphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danuta Trybuła
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dawid Jędrzkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jolanta Ejfler
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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6
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Devaine-Pressing K, Oldenburg FJ, Menzel JP, Springer M, Dawe LN, Kozak CM. Lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium amine-bis(phenolate) complexes in the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1531-1544. [PMID: 31930245 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Compounds of Li, Na, K and Ca of a tetradentate amino-bis(phenolato) ligand were prepared. Bimetallic compounds formulated as M2[L](THF)n (where M = Na, n = 1 (1·THF) or Li, n = 1 (2·THF)) were synthesized via the reaction of H2[L] (where [L] = 2-pyridylmethylamino-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4-methoxy-6-tert-butylphenolato) with sodium hydride or n-butyllithium, respectively, in THF. Monometallic complexes MH[L](THF)n (where M = Na, n = 1 (3·THF), Li, n = 0 (4) and K, n = 0 (5)) were obtained by reaction of H2[L] with MN(SiMe3)2 where M = Na, Li, or K. Calcium complex Ca[L](THF) (6·THF) was synthesized in two ways; reaction of Na2[L] with calcium iodide in THF, and reaction of Ca[N(SiMe3)2]2 with H2[L] in toluene. Compounds 1-6 exhibit activity for rac-lactide polymerization under melt and solution conditions. Moderate control of polymer molecular weights was achieved in toluene, whereas polydisperse polymer was obtained under solvent free conditions. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the polymer end groups revealed a predominantly cyclic nature for the polylactides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Devaine-Pressing
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X7, Canada.
| | - Fabio J Oldenburg
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X7, Canada.
| | - Jan P Menzel
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X7, Canada.
| | - Maximilian Springer
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X7, Canada.
| | - Louise N Dawe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Christopher M Kozak
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X7, Canada.
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7
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Synthesis and structural characterization of lithium, sodium and potassium complexes supported by a tridentate amino-bisphenolate ligand. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Binda PI, Hill BR, Skelton BW. Synthesis and crystal structures of new sodium phenolate compounds: coordination chemistry. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1445237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal I. Binda
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Brittany R. Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia (M310), Perth, Australia
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9
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Synthesis of Li(I), Zn(II) and Mg(II) complexes of amine bis(phenolates) and their exploitation for the ring opening polymerisation of rac-lactide. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Rajashekhar B, Mandal M, Chakraborty D, Ramkumar V. Homoleptic Zr and Hf Complexes of Imino/Bis(imino)phenoxide Scaffolds: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Their Catalytic Activity in the ROP of Cyclic Esters. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijja Rajashekhar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai- 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mrinmay Mandal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Bihta 801103, Bihar India
| | - Debashis Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai- 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Venkatachalam Ramkumar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai- 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
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11
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Al-Khafaji YF, Prior TJ, Horsburgh L, Elsegood MRJ, Redshaw C. Multimetallic Lithium Complexes Derived from the Acids Ph2C(X)CO2H (X=OH, NH2): Synthesis, Structure and Ring Opening Polymerization of Lactides and Lactones. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201602029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahya F. Al-Khafaji
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Hull; Cottingham Rd, Hull HU6 7RX U.K
| | - Timothy J. Prior
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Hull; Cottingham Rd, Hull HU6 7RX U.K
| | - Lynne Horsburgh
- Chemistry Department; Loughborough University; Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU U.K
| | - Mark R. J. Elsegood
- Chemistry Department; Loughborough University; Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU U.K
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Hull; Cottingham Rd, Hull HU6 7RX U.K
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12
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Duan YL, He JX, Wang W, Zhou JJ, Huang Y, Yang Y. Synthesis and characterization of dinuclear rare-earth complexes supported by amine-bridged bis(phenolate) ligands and their catalytic activity for the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:10807-20. [PMID: 27294827 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01486k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of amine-bridged bis(phenolate) protio-ligands N,N-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)aminoacetic acid (L(1)-H3) and N,N-bis[3,5-bis(α,α'-dimethylbenzyl)-2-hydroxybenzyl]aminoacetic acid (L(2)-H3), with 1 equiv. M[N(SiMe3)2]3 (M = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Y) in THF at room temperature yielded the neutral rare-earth complexes [M2(L)2(THF)4] (L = L(1), M = La (), Nd (), Sm (), Gd (), Y (); L = L(2), M = La (), Nd (), Sm (), Gd (), Y ()). All of these complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and in the case of yttrium and lanthanum complexes, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of revealed dinuclear species in which the eight-coordinate lanthanum centers were bonded to two oxygen atoms of two THF molecules, to three oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom of one L(1) ligand, and two oxygen atoms of the carboxyl group of another. Complexes were also dinuclear species containing seven-coordinate metal centers similar to , albeit with bonding to one rather than two carboxyl group oxygens of another ligand. Further treatment of with excess benzyl alcohol provided dinuclear complex [La2(L(1))2(BnOH)6] (), in which each lanthanum ion is eight-coordinate, bonded to three oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom of one ligand, three oxygen atoms of three BnOH molecules, as well as one oxygen atom of bridging carboxyl group of the other ligand. In the presence of BnOH, complexes efficiently catalyzed the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide in a controlled manner and gave polymers with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions. The kinetic and mechanistic studies associated with the ROP of l-lactide using /BnOH initiating system have been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lai Duan
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Xuan He
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China.
| | - Jing-Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China.
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13
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Devaine-Pressing K, Lehr JH, Pratt ME, Dawe LN, Sarjeant AA, Kozak CM. Magnesium amino-bis(phenolato) complexes for the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:12365-75. [PMID: 25805063 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00236b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium compounds of tetradentate amino-bis(phenolato) ligands, Mg[L1] (1) and Mg[L2] (2) (where [L1] = 2-pyridyl-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4-methoxy-6-tert-butylphenolato), and [L2] = dimethylaminoethylamino-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenolato)) were prepared. The proligands, H2[L1] and H2[L2] were reacted with di(n-butyl)magnesium in toluene to give the desired compounds in high yields. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit dimeric structures in solutions of non-coordinating solvents as observed by NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state as shown by the single crystal X-ray structure of 2. These compounds exhibit good activity for rac-lactide polymerization in solution and in molten lactide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Devaine-Pressing
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X7.
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14
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Reprint of Structural characterization of a tetrametallic diamine-bis(phenolate) complex of lithium and synthesis of a related bismuth complex. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Drover MW, Murphy JN, Flogeras JC, Schneider CM, Dawe LN, Kerton FM. Structural characterization of a tetrametallic diamine-bis(phenolate) complex of lithium and synthesis of a related bismuth complex. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Kober E, Petrus R, Kocięcka P, Janas Z, Sobota P. Lithium diaminebis(aryloxido) complexes: Synthesis, structures and reactivity in l-lactide polymerization. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Alhashmialameer D, Ikpo N, Collins J, Dawe LN, Hattenhauer K, Kerton FM. Ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide mediated by tetrametallic lithium and sodium diamino-bis(phenolate) complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:20216-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03119b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sodium complex contains interesting intramolecular η6-arene interaction and shows excellent catalytic behaviour for polymerization of lactide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nduka Ikpo
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B 3X7
| | - Julie Collins
- C-CART X-ray Diffraction Laboratory
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada
| | - Louise N. Dawe
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B 3X7
- C-CART X-ray Diffraction Laboratory
| | - Karen Hattenhauer
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B 3X7
| | - Francesca M. Kerton
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B 3X7
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18
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Chard EF, Thompson JR, Dawe LN, Kozak CM. Synthesis and structure of iron(III) complexes of amine-bis(phenolate) ligands. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structures of four new iron(III) amine-bis(phenolate) complexes are reported. Reaction of anhydrous FeCl3 with the diprotonated tridentate ligand isopropyl-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4-t-butyl-6-methylphenol) (H2L1) and NEt3 produces the trigonal bipyramidal iron(III) complex [NEt3H]+ [FeCl2L1]– (1). The reaction of FeBr3 with the sodium or lithium salts, Na2L1 and Li2L2, results in the formation of FeBr2L1H (2) and FeBr2L2H (3), tetrahedral iron(III) complexes possessing two bromide ligands and quaternized ammonium fragments. A trigonal bipyramidal FeIII hydroxido-bridged dimer, [Fe(μ-OH)L2]2 (4), was also isolated during the synthesis of 3. Single-crystal X-ray molecular structures have been determined for complexes 1–4 and H2L2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott F. Chard
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - John R. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Louise N. Dawe
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
- X-Ray Diffraction Laboratory, Centre for Chemical Analysis, Research and Training, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Christopher M. Kozak
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
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Ishida Y, Kawaguchi H. Methylene-Linked Anilide—Bis(aryloxide) Ligands: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Chromium(III), and Vanadium(III) Ligation. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:6775-87. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5005853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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20
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Saunders LN, Dawe LN, Kozak CM. Alkali metal complexes of tridentate amine-bis(phenolate) ligands and their rac-lactide ROP activity. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Tsai CY, Du HC, Chang JC, Huang BH, Ko BT, Lin CC. Ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters initiated by zirconium, titanium and yttrium complexes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Huang Y, Wang W, Lin CC, Blake MP, Clark L, Schwarz AD, Mountford P. Potassium, zinc, and magnesium complexes of a bulky OOO-tridentate bis(phenolate) ligand: synthesis, structures, and studies of cyclic ester polymerisation. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:9313-24. [PMID: 23435514 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50135c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the OOO-coordinating tridentate bis(phenolate) protio-ligand 2,2'-{oxybis(methylene)}bis{4,6-di(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol} (L(O3)-H2), with 1 equiv. of KN(SiMe3)2 in toluene or THF yielded [K(L(O3)-H)] (1) or [K(L(O3)-H)(THF)] (2), respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of 1 and 2 revealed mononuclear structures with the phenyl rings of the bulky ligand displaying stabilising π-interactions to the potassium centre. L(O3)-H2 also reacts with 1 equiv. of ZnEt2 or Mg(n)Bu2 to give [M2(L(O3))2] (M = Zn (3) or Mg (4)) in good yield. The molecular structures of complex 3 and 4 reveal dinuclear species in which the metal centres are tetra-coordinated to the three oxygen atoms of one L(O3) ligand, and to the bridging oxygen atom of one phenolate group of another. Complexes 1-4 are catalysts for ring-opening polymerisation of ε-caprolactone and L- and rac-lactide in the presence of benzyl alcohol (BnOH) and also other initiators to give the corresponding polyesters. Kinetic studies for the ROP of ε-caprolactone using 3 and BnOH gives an unusual rate expression R(p) = -d[CL]/dt = k(p)[BnOH]0[3]0(0.5) for which a tentative kinetic model is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China.
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23
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Dean RK, Reckling AM, Chen H, Dawe LN, Schneider CM, Kozak CM. Ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters with lithium amine-bis(phenolate) complexes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:3504-20. [PMID: 23280340 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32682e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lithium compounds of tetradentate amino-bis(phenolato)-tetrahydrofuranyl ligands, Li(2)[L1] (1) and Li(2)[L2] (2) (where [L1] = 2-tetrahydrofuranyl-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenolate), and [L2] = 2-tetrahydrofuranyl-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4,6-tert-butylphenolate)) were characterized by multinuclear solution NMR and solid-state (6)Li and (7)Li NMR spectroscopy. The proligands, n-propylamino-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), (H(2)[L3]) and benzylamino-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4,6-di-tert-amylphenol), H(2)[L4] were reacted with n-butyllithium in THF to give the related dilithium compounds Li(2)[L3] (4) and Li(2)[L4] (5), respectively. The pyridine adduct of 1, (py)(2)Li(2)[L1] (3) and complexes 4 and 5 have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. The reactivity of these complexes for the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide, as well as the influences of monomer concentration, monomer/Li molar ratio, polymerization temperature and time, were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Dean
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
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24
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Cousins DM, Davidson MG, García-Vivó D. Unprecedented participation of a four-coordinate hydrogen atom in the cubane core of lithium and sodium phenolates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:11809-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47393g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Kober E, Janas Z, Nerkowski T, Jerzykiewicz LB. Magnesium, zinc and aluminium complexes supported by tripodal diaminebis(aryloxido) ligands: synthesis, solid state and solution structure. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:10847-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50938a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Ikpo N, Hoffmann C, Dawe LN, Kerton FM. Ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone by lithium piperazinyl-aminephenolate complexes: synthesis, characterization and kinetic studies. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:6651-60. [PMID: 22511217 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30276d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of lithium complexes were prepared from 2(N-piperazinyl-N'-methyl)-2-methylene-4-R'-6-R-phenols ([ONN](RR')) and characterized through elemental analysis, (1)H and (13)C{(1)H} NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Treatment of the ligands with n-butyllithium afforded {Li[ONN](RR')}(3) [R = Me, R' = (t)Bu, (1); R = R' = (t)Bu (2); R = R' = (t)Am, (3), (t)Am = C(CH(3))(2)CH(2)CH(3)], with trimetallic structures in the solid-state as shown by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The reactivity of these complexes in the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL), as well as the influences of monomer concentration, monomer/Li molar ratio, polymerization temperature and time, was studied. Rates of polymerization were first order with respect to both monomer and lithium concentrations, and activation energies for the reactions were determined. MALDI-TOF MS analysis revealed that transesterification had occurred during the polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nduka Ikpo
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
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27
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Cousins DM, Davidson MG, Frankis CJ, García-Vivó D, Mahon MF. Tris(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amine: a simple new tripodal polyamine ligand for Group 1 metals. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:8278-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00567c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Cousins DM, Davidson MG, García-Vivó D, Mahon MF. Structural diversity in polyamine Lewis base stabilised lithium aryloxides. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:8203-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00522c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Dean RK, Granville SL, Dawe LN, Decken A, Hattenhauer KM, Kozak CM. Structure and magnetic behaviour of mono- and bimetallic chromium(iii) complexes of amine-bis(phenolate) ligands. Dalton Trans 2010:548-59. [DOI: 10.1039/b910254j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Kilpatrick AFR, Kulangara SV, Cushion MG, Duchateau R, Mountford P. Synthesis and ethylene trimerisation capability of new chromium(ii) and chromium(iii) heteroscorpionate complexes. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:3653-64. [DOI: 10.1039/b926333k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Huang J, Yu JF, Wu GM, Sun WL, Shen ZQ. In situ generated, tetrahydrosalen stabilized yttrium borohydride complex: Efficient initiator for the ring-opening polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2009.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Darensbourg DJ, Ulusoy M, Karroonnirum O, Poland RR, Reibenspies JH, Çetinkaya B. Highly Selective and Reactive (salan)CrCl Catalyst for the Copolymerization and Block Copolymerization of Epoxides with Carbon Dioxide. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901364x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmut Ulusoy
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Department of Chemistry, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Osit Karroonnirum
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Ross R. Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | | | - Bekir Çetinkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Balloch L, Drummond AM, García-Álvarez P, Graham DV, Kennedy AR, Klett J, Mulvey RE, O’Hara CT, Rodger PJA, Rushworth ID. Structural Variations within Group 1 (Li−Cs)+(2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy)− Complexes Made via Metallic Reduction of the Nitroxyl Radical. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:6934-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900609e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Balloch
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Allison M. Drummond
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - David V. Graham
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Jan Klett
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Charles T. O’Hara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Philip J. A. Rodger
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Iain D. Rushworth
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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Schofield AD, Barros ML, Cushion MG, Schwarz AD, Mountford P. Sodium, magnesium and zinc complexes of mono(phenolate) heteroscorpionate ligands. Dalton Trans 2008:85-96. [PMID: 19081975 DOI: 10.1039/b813116c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methylphenol N(2)O(Ar)H (1) with NaH in THF formed dimeric [Na(kappa(2)-N(2)O(Ar))(THF)](2) (2), which contains a kappa(2)(N,O)-bound bidentate N(2)O(Ar) ligand. The reaction of 1 with Mg(n)Bu(2) gave the four-coordinate monomeric butyl compound Mg(N(2)O(Ar))(n)Bu (3), whereas with (n)BuMgCl, a mixture of products was formed, including the six-coordinate homoleptic species Mg(N(2)O(Ar))(2) (4). The reaction of [Na(kappa(2)-N(2)O(Ar))(THF)](2) with (n)BuMgCl also gave 3, as did the redistribution reaction of Mg(n)Bu(2) with 4. The reaction of 1 with Mg{N(SiRMe(2))(2)}(2) afforded the four-coordinate amide derivatives Mg(N(2)O(Ar)){N(SiRMe(2))(2)} (R = Me (6) or H (7)), together with 4. The reactions of 1 with ZnMe(2) or Zn{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(2) gave the monomeric compounds Zn(N(2)O(Ar))Me (8) and Zn(N(2)O(Ar)){N(SiMe(3))(2)} (9), respectively. The reaction 9 of with HCl formed Zn(N(2)O(Ar))Cl (11), and subsequent addition of LiN(SiHMe(2))(2) to 11 led to Zn(N(2)O(Ar)){N(SiHMe(2))(2)} (12). The reaction of 1 with either Zn{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(2) or 9 gave Zn(N(2)O(Ar))(2). The compounds 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 11 were crystallographically characterized. Compound was very active for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) but the process was very poorly controlled as judged by the M(n) and polydispersity index of the polymer. Compounds 3, 8, 9 and 12 gave poor conversions to poly(epsilon-CL) over extended periods. N(2)O(Ar)H = 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methyl)phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daniel Schofield
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UKOX1 3TA
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