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Polyzois H, Guo R, Srirambhatla VK, Warzecha M, Prasad E, Turner A, Halbert GW, Keating P, Price SL, Florence AJ. Crystal Structure and Twisted Aggregates of Oxcarbazepine Form III. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:4146-4156. [PMID: 35915669 PMCID: PMC9337787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphism and crystal habit play vital roles in dictating the properties of crystalline materials. Here, the structure and properties of oxcarbazepine (OXCBZ) form III are reported along with the occurrence of twisted crystalline aggregates of this metastable polymorph. OXCBZ III can be produced by crystallization from the vapor phase and by recrystallization from solution. The crystallization process used to obtain OXCBZ III is found to affect the pitch, with the most prominent effect observed from the sublimation-grown OXCBZ III material where the pitch increases as the length of aggregates increases. Sublimation-grown OXCBZ III follows an unconventional mechanism of formation with condensed droplet formation and coalescence preceding nucleation and growth of aggregates. A crystal structure determination of OXCBZ III from powder X-ray diffraction methods, assisted by crystal structure prediction (CSP), reveals that OXCBZ III, similar to carbamazepine form II, contains void channels in its structure with the channels, aligned along the c crystallographic axis, oriented parallel to the twist axis of the aggregates. The likely role of structural misalignment at the lattice or nanoscale is explored by considering the role of molecular and closely related structural impurities informed by crystal structure prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Polyzois
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
- National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.
| | - Rui Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Vijay K. Srirambhatla
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Monika Warzecha
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Elke Prasad
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Alice Turner
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Gavin W. Halbert
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Patricia Keating
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Sarah L. Price
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Alastair J. Florence
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
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Bedford CT. An Efficient, Large-Scale Synthesis of Cytenamide. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3184/174751918x15218087557053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzosuberenone (5 H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-one) was reduced to the corresponding alcohol by sodium borohydride/MeOH and converted to the corresponding 5-chloro compound by thionyl chloride/benzene, treatment of which with CuCN/toluene gave the corresponding nitrile. Hydrolysis by ethanolic KOH yielded the corresponding amide, cytenamide (5 H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-5-carboxamide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T. Bedford
- Christopher Ingold Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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Covaci OI, Mitran RA, Buhalteanu L, Dumitrescu DG, Shova S, Manta CM. Bringing new life into old drugs: a case study on nifuroxazide polymorphism. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00303j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Gelbrich T, Braun DE, Griesser UJ. Specific energy contributions from competing hydrogen-bonded structures in six polymorphs of phenobarbital. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:8. [PMID: 26909105 PMCID: PMC4763432 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In solid state structures of organic molecules, identical sets of H-bond donor and acceptor functions can result in a range of distinct H-bond connectivity modes. Specifically, competing H-bond structures (HBSs) may differ in the quantitative proportion between one-point and multiple-point H-bond connections. For an assessment of such HBSs, the effects of their internal as well as external (packing) interactions need to be taken into consideration. The semi-classical density sums (SCDS-PIXEL) method, which enables the calculation of interaction energies for molecule–molecule pairs, was used to investigate six polymorphs of phenobarbital (Pbtl) with different quantitative proportions of one-point and two-point H-bond connections. Results The structures of polymorphs V and VI of Pbtl were determined from single crystal data. Two-point H-bond connections are inherently inflexible in their geometry and lie within a small PIXEL energy range (−45.7 to −49.7 kJ mol−1). One-point H-bond connections are geometrically less restricted and subsequently show large variations in their dispersion terms and total energies (−23.1 to −40.5 kJ mol−1). The comparison of sums of interaction energies in small clusters containing only the strongest intermolecular interactions showed an advantage for compact HBSs with multiple-point connections, whereas alternative HBSs based on one-point connections may enable more favourable overall packing interactions (i.e. V vs. III). Energy penalties associated with experimental intramolecular geometries relative to the global conformational energy minimum were calculated and used to correct total PIXEL energies. The estimated order of stabilities (based on PIXEL energies) is III > I > II > VI > X > V, with a difference of just 1.7 kJ mol−1 between the three most stable forms. Conclusions For an analysis of competing HBSs, one has to consider the contributions from internal H-bond and non-H-bond interactions, from the packing of multiple HBS instances and intramolecular energy penalties. A compact HBS based on multiple-point H-bond connections should typically lead to more packing alternatives and ultimately to a larger number of viable low-energy structures than a competing one-point HBS (i.e. dimer vs. catemer). Coulombic interaction energies associated with typical short intermolecular C–H···O contact geometries are small in comparison with dispersion effects associated with the packing complementary molecular shapes.Competing H-bond motifs can differ markedly in their energy contributions ![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065-016-0152-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gelbrich
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris E Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrich J Griesser
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Arlin JB, Bhardwaj RM, Johnston A, Miller GJ, Bardin J, MacDougall F, Fernandes P, Shankland K, David WIF, Florence AJ. Structure and stability of two polymorphs of creatine and its monohydrate. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00508b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Arlin JB, Price LS, Price SL, Florence AJ. A strategy for producing predicted polymorphs: catemeric carbamazepine form V. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:7074-6. [PMID: 21614395 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11634g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A computationally assisted approach has enabled the first catemeric polymorph of carbamazepine (form V) to be selectively formed by templating the growth of carbamazepine from the vapour phase onto the surface of a crystal of dihydrocarbamazepine form II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Arlin
- Solid-State Research Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, UK
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Anion-switchable supramolecular gels for controlling pharmaceutical crystal growth. Nat Chem 2010; 2:1037-43. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Arlin JB, Johnston A, Miller GJ, Kennedy AR, Price SL, Florence AJ. A predicted dimer-based polymorph of 10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine (Form IV). CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b914365c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fabbiani FPA, Dittrich B, Florence AJ, Gelbrich T, Hursthouse MB, Kuhs WF, Shankland N, Sowa H. Crystal structures with a challenge: high-pressure crystallisation of ciprofloxacin sodium salts and their recovery to ambient pressure. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b822987b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Johnston A, Florence AJ, Miller GJ, Kennedy AR, Bedford CT. Cytenamide-formic acid (1/1). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1379-80. [PMID: 21203100 PMCID: PMC2962013 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808019181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
IN THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclo-hepta-triene-5-carboxamide-meth-anoic acid (1/1)], C(16)H(13)NO·CH(2)O(2), the cytenamide and solvent mol-ecules form a hydrogen-bonded R(2) (2)(8) dimer motif, which is further connected to form a centrosymmetric double-motif arrangement. The asymmetric unit contains two formula units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Johnston
- Solid-State Research Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, The John Arbuthnott Building, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland
| | - Alastair J. Florence
- Solid-State Research Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, The John Arbuthnott Building, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland
| | - Gary J. Miller
- Solid-State Research Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, The John Arbuthnott Building, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Colin T. Bedford
- University College London, Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, England
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Johnston A, Florence AJ, Fabbiani FJA, Shankland K, Bedford CT. Cytenamide-1,4-dioxane (2/1). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1345-6. [PMID: 21202967 PMCID: PMC2961860 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808018709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
IN THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclo-hepta-triene-5-carboxamide-1,4-dioxane (2/1)], 2C(16)H(13)NO·C(4)H(8)O(2), the cytenamide mol-ecules form a hydrogen-bonded R(2) (2)(8) dimer. The solvent mol-ecule is located between two adjacent cytenamide dimers and forms N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds with one cytenamide mol-ecule from each dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Johnston
- Solid-State Research Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, The John Arbuthnott Building, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland
| | - Alastair J. Florence
- Solid-State Research Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, The John Arbuthnott Building, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland
| | - Francesca J. A. Fabbiani
- University of Göttingen, GZG, Department of Crystallography, Goldschmidtstrasse 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kenneth Shankland
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, England
| | - Colin T. Bedford
- University College London, Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, England
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Johnston A, Florence AJ, Fabbiani FJA, Shankland K, Bedford CT. Cytenamide-butyric acid (1/1). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1295-6. [PMID: 21202925 PMCID: PMC2961685 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808018059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytenamide forms a 1:1 solvate with butyric acid [systematic name: 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclo-hepta-triene-5-carboxamide-butanoic acid (1/1)], C(16)H(13)NO·C(4)H(8)O(2). The title compound crystallizes with one mol-ecule of cytenamide and one of butyric acid in the asymmetric unit; these mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form an R(2) (2)(8) heterodimer motif. Pairs of adjacent motifs are further connected via N-H⋯O inter-actions to form a discrete centrosymmetric assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Johnston
- Solid-State Research Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, The John Arbuthnott Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland
| | - Alastair J. Florence
- Solid-State Research Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, The John Arbuthnott Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland
| | | | - Kenneth Shankland
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, England
| | - Colin T. Bedford
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, England
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Gelbrich T, Hughes DS, Hursthouse MB, Threlfall TL. Packing similarity in polymorphs of sulfathiazole. CrystEngComm 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b807898j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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