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Davies SG, Fletcher AM, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. Mutual kinetic resolution: probing enantiorecognition phenomena and screening for kinetic resolution with racemic reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2847-2855. [PMID: 33720232 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02151b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enantiorecognition between a racemic reagent and a racemic substrate can be a valuable process in organic synthesis. This review highlights representative examples of this phenomenon and the use of mutual kinetic resolution as a method for screening of kinetic and/or parallel kinetic resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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2
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Krall J, Jensen CH, Bavo F, Falk-Petersen CB, Haugaard AS, Vogensen SB, Tian Y, Nittegaard-Nielsen M, Sigurdardóttir SB, Kehler J, Kongstad KT, Gloriam DE, Clausen RP, Harpsøe K, Wellendorph P, Frølund B. Molecular Hybridization of Potent and Selective γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) Ligands: Design, Synthesis, Binding Studies, and Molecular Modeling of Novel 3-Hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic Acid (HOCPCA) and trans-γ-Hydroxycrotonic Acid (T-HCA) Analogs. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9022-9039. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Krall
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Hatt Jensen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesco Bavo
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Christina Birkedahl Falk-Petersen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Stæhr Haugaard
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Byskov Vogensen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yongsong Tian
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Nittegaard-Nielsen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Björk Sigurdardóttir
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Kehler
- Discovery
Chemistry, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Thermann Kongstad
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David E. Gloriam
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Prætorius Clausen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Harpsøe
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Frølund
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ozeki M, Egawa H, Takano T, Mizutani H, Yasuda N, Arimitsu K, Kajimoto T, Hosoi S, Iwasaki H, Kojima N, Node M, Yamashita M. Novel and practical asymmetric synthesis of β 2,3 -amino esters using asymmetric Michael addition of chiral amine. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Davies SG, Fletcher AM, Frost AB, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. Trading N and O. Part 2: Exploiting aziridinium intermediates for the synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Davies SG, Fletcher AM, Lee JA, Roberts PM, Souleymanou MY, Thomson JE, Zammit CM. Diastereoselective Ireland–Claisen rearrangements of substituted allyl β-amino esters: applications in the asymmetric synthesis of C(5)-substituted transpentacins. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2702-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Miyata O, Takeda N, Ueda M, Kajisa S, Matsuno K, Naito T. Preparation of Cyclic β-Amino Acid Derivatives with Quaternary Carbon Center via a Radical Addition-Cyclization Sequence. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Davies SG, Fletcher AM, Frost AB, Lee JA, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. Trading N and O: asymmetric syntheses of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids via α-hydroxy-β-amino esters. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Davies SG, Foster EM, Lee JA, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. Asymmetric syntheses of dihydroxyhomoprolines via doubly diastereoselective lithium amide conjugate addition reactions. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Davies SG, Fletcher AM, Roberts PM, Thomson JE, Zammit CM. Asymmetric syntheses of enantiopure C(5)-substituted transpentacins via diastereoselective Ireland–Claisen rearrangements. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7037-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43250e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Davies SG, Fletcher AM, Lebée C, Roberts PM, Thomson JE, Yin J. Asymmetric synthesis of (−)-(1R,7aS)-absouline. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Franconetti A, Jatunov S, Borrachero P, Gómez-Guillén M, Cabrera-Escribano F. Synthesis of cyclically constrained sugar derived α/β- and α/γ-peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:676-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26992a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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The conjugate addition of enantiomerically pure lithium amides as chiral ammonia equivalents part II: 2005−2011. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Agudo R, Roiban GD, Reetz MT. Achieving regio- and enantioselectivity of P450-catalyzed oxidative CH activation of small functionalized molecules by structure-guided directed evolution. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1465-73. [PMID: 22711296 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Directed evolution of the monooxygenase P450-BM3 utilizing iterative saturation mutagenesis at and near the binding site enables a high degree of both regio- and enantioselectivity in the oxidative hydroxylation of cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester. Wild-type P450-BM3 is 84% regioselective for the allylic 3-position with 34% enantioselectivity in favor of the R alcohol. Mutants enabling R selectivity (>95% ee) or S selectivity (>95% ee) were evolved, while reducing other oxidation products and thus maximizing regioselectivity to >93%. Control of the substrate-to-enzyme ratio is necessary for obtaining optimal and reproducible enantioselectivities, an observation which is important in future protein engineering of these mono-oxygenases. An E. coli strain capable of NADPH regeneration was also engineered, simplifying directed evolution of P450 enzymes in general. These synthetic results set the stage for subsequent stereoselective and stereospecific chemical transformations to form more complex compounds, thereby illustrating the viability of combining genetically altered enzymes as catalysts in organic chemistry with traditional chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Agudo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Davies SG, Fletcher AM, Lv L, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. Asymmetric synthesis of (−)-(R)-sitagliptin. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Davies SG, Huckvale R, Lee JA, Lorkin TJ, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. Asymmetric syntheses of 3,4-syn- and 3,4-anti-3-substituted-4-aminopiperidin-2-ones: application to the asymmetric synthesis of (+)-(3S,4R)-cisapride. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Davies SG, Lee JA, Roberts PM, Thomson JE, Yin J. Parallel kinetic resolution of acyclic γ-amino-α,β-unsaturated esters: application to the asymmetric synthesis of 4-aminopyrrolidin-2-ones. Org Lett 2011; 14:218-21. [PMID: 22149591 DOI: 10.1021/ol203011u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conjugate addition of a 50:50 pseudoenantiomeric mixture of lithium (R)-N-benzyl-N-(α-methylbenzyl)amide and lithium (S)-N-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-N-(α-methylbenzyl)amide to a range of racemic acyclic γ-amino-α,β-unsaturated esters (derived from the corresponding α-amino acids) effects their efficient parallel kinetic resolution, allowing the preparation of enantiopure β,γ-diamino esters. The β,γ-diamino ester products of these reactions are readily converted into the corresponding substituted 4-aminopyrrolidin-2-ones via N-debenzylation and cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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Davies SG, Fletcher AM, Hughes DG, Lee JA, Price PD, Roberts PM, Russell AJ, Smith AD, Thomson JE, Williams OM. Asymmetric synthesis of piperidines and octahydroindolizines using a one-pot ring-closure/N-debenzylation procedure. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Double asymmetric induction as a mechanistic probe: the doubly diastereoselective conjugate addition of enantiopure lithium amides to enantiopure α,β-unsaturated esters and enantiopure α,β-unsaturated hydroxamates. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Davies SG, Foster EM, McIntosh CR, Roberts PM, Rosser TE, Smith AD, Thomson JE. Asymmetric synthesis of syn- and anti-α-deuterio-β3-phenylalanine derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Bentley SA, Davies SG, Lee JA, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. Conjugate Addition of Lithium N-Phenyl-N-(α-methylbenzyl)amide: Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)-(−)-Angustureine. Org Lett 2011; 13:2544-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200625h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Stephen G. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - James A. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Paul M. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - James E. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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A systematic study of the solid state and solution phase conformational preferences of β-peptides derived from C(3)-alkyl substituted transpentacin derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Davies SG, Ichihara O, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. Asymmetric syntheses of (+)-negamycin, (+)-3-epi-negamycin and sperabillin C via lithium amide conjugate addition. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Davies SG, Hume WE, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. The stereodivergent asymmetric synthesis of a range of 2-(1′-hydroxyalkyl)phenols. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Duffey TA, Mackay JA, Vedejs E. Catalytic parallel kinetic resolution under homogeneous conditions. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4674-85. [PMID: 20557113 PMCID: PMC2908517 DOI: 10.1021/jo100695z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two complementary chiral catalysts, the phosphine 8d and the DMAP-derived ent-23b, are used simultaneously to selectively activate a mixture of two different achiral anhydrides as acyl donors under homogeneous conditions. The resulting activated intermediates 25 and 26 react with the racemic benzylic alcohol 5 to form enantioenriched esters (R)-24 and (S)-17 by fully catalytic parallel kinetic resolution (PKR). The aroyl ester (R)-24 is obtained with near-ideal enantioselectivity for the PKR process, but (S)-17 is contaminated by ca. 8% of the minor enantiomer (R)-17 resulting from a second pathway via formation of mixed anhydride 27 and its activation by 8d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha A Duffey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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27
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Davies SG, Fletcher AM, Hermann GJ, Poce G, Roberts PM, Smith AD, Sweet MJ, Thomson JE. Doubly diastereoselective conjugate addition of enantiopure lithium amides to enantiopure N-enoyl oxazolidin-2-ones: a mechanistic probe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Bentley SA, Davies SG, Lee JA, Roberts PM, Russell AJ, Thomson JE, Toms SM. Conjugate addition of lithium N-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-N-(α-methylbenzyl)amide: asymmetric synthesis of β2,2,3-trisubstituted amino acids. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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O'Byrne A, Murray C, Keegan D, Palacio C, Evans P, Morgan BS. The thio-adduct facilitated, enzymatic kinetic resolution of 4-hydroxycyclopentenone and 4-hydroxycyclohexenone. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:539-45. [DOI: 10.1039/b916506a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Davies SG, Mujtaba N, Roberts PM, Smith AD, Thomson JE. A Tandem Conjugate Addition/Cyclization Protocol for the Asymmetric Synthesis of 2-Aryl-4-aminotetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid Derivatives. Org Lett 2009; 11:1959-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9004118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Nadeam Mujtaba
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Paul M. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - James E. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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Davies SG, Durbin MJ, Goddard EC, Kelly PM, Kurosawa W, Lee JA, Nicholson RL, Price PD, Roberts PM, Russell AJ, Scott PM, Smith AD. Doubly diastereoselective conjugate addition of homochiral lithium amides to homochiral α,β-unsaturated esters containing cis- and trans-dioxolane units. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:761-76. [DOI: 10.1039/b818298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Davies SG, Durbin MJ, Hartman SJ, Matsuno A, Roberts PM, Russell AJ, Smith AD, Thomson JE, Toms SM. Parallel kinetic resolution of tert-butyl (RS)-6-alkyl-cyclohex-1-ene-carboxylates for the asymmetric synthesis of 6-alkyl-substituted cishexacin derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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