1
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Zahn C, Pastore M, Lustres JLP, Gros PC, Haacke S, Heyne K. Femtosecond Infrared Spectroscopy Resolving the Multiplicity of High-Spin Crossover States in Transition Metal Iron Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9347-9355. [PMID: 38520392 PMCID: PMC10995999 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Tuning the photophysical properties of iron-based transition-metal complexes is crucial for their employment as photosensitizers in solar energy conversion. For the optimization of these new complexes, a detailed understanding of the excited-state deactivation paths is necessary. Here, we report femtosecond transient mid-IR spectroscopy data on a recently developed octahedral ligand-field enhancing [Fe(dqp)2]2+ (C1) complex with dqp = 2,6-diquinolylpyridine and prototypical [Fe(bpy)3]2+ (C0). By combining mid-IR spectroscopy with quantum chemical DFT calculations, we propose a method for disentangling the 5Q1 and 3T1 multiplicities of the long-lived metal-centered (MC) states, applicable to a variety of metal-organic iron complexes. Our results for C0 align well with the established assignment toward the 5Q1, validating our approach. For C1, we find that deactivation of the initially excited metal-to-ligand charge-transfer state leads to a population of a long-lived MC 5Q1 state. Analysis of transient changes in the mid-IR shows an ultrafast sub 200 fs rearrangement of ligand geometry for both complexes, accompanying the MLCT → MC deactivation. This confirms that the flexibility in the ligand sphere supports the stabilization of high spin states and plays a crucial role in the MLCT lifetime of metal-organic iron complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark Zahn
- Department
of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - J. Luis Perez Lustres
- Department
of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Haacke
- Université
de Strasbourg—CNRS, IPCMS, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Karsten Heyne
- Department
of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Nadeem M, Cruddas J, Ruzzi G, Powell BJ. Toward High-Temperature Light-Induced Spin-State Trapping in Spin-Crossover Materials: The Interplay of Collective and Molecular Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9138-9148. [PMID: 35546521 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Spin-crossover (SCO) materials display many fascinating behaviors including collective phase transitions and spin-state switching controlled by external stimuli, e.g., light and electrical currents. As single-molecule switches, they have been fêted for numerous practical applications, but these remain largely unrealized-partly because of the difficulty of switching these materials at high temperatures. We introduce a semiempirical microscopic model of SCO materials combining crystal field theory with elastic intermolecular interactions. For realistic parameters, this model reproduces the key experimental results including thermally induced phase transitions, light-induced spin-state trapping (LIESST), and reverse-LIESST. Notably, we reproduce and explain the experimentally observed relationship between the critical temperature of the thermal transition, T1/2, and the highest temperature for which the trapped state is stable, TLIESST, and explain why increasing the stiffness of the coordination sphere increases TLIESST. We propose strategies to design SCO materials with higher TLIESST: optimizing the spin-orbit coupling via heavier atoms (particularly in the inner coordination sphere) and minimizing the enthalpy difference between the high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) states. However, the most dramatic increases arise from increasing the cooperativity of the spin-state transition by increasing the rigidity of the crystal. Increased crystal rigidity can also stabilize the HS state to low temperatures on thermal cycling yet leave the LS state stable at high temperatures following, for example, reverse-LIESST. We show that such highly cooperative systems offer a realistic route to robust room-temperature switching, demonstrate this in silico, and discuss material design rationale to realize this.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nadeem
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jace Cruddas
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gian Ruzzi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Powell
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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3
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Darari M, Francés-Monerris A, Marekha B, Doudouh A, Wenger E, Monari A, Haacke S, Gros PC. Towards Iron(II) Complexes with Octahedral Geometry: Synthesis, Structure and Photophysical Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:E5991. [PMID: 33348914 PMCID: PMC7767130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of ligand-field splitting in iron (II) complexes is critical to slow down the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT)-excited states deactivation pathways. The gap between the metal-centered states is maximal when the coordination sphere of the complex approaches an ideal octahedral geometry. Two new iron(II) complexes (C1 and C2), prepared from pyridylNHC and pyridylquinoline type ligands, respectively, have a near-perfect octahedral coordination of the metal. The photophysics of the complexes have been further investigated by means of ultrafast spectroscopy and TD-DFT modeling. For C1, it is shown that-despite the geometrical improvement-the excited state deactivation is faster than for the parent pseudo-octahedral C0 complex. This unexpected result is due to the increased ligand flexibility in C1 that lowers the energetic barrier for the relaxation of 3MLCT into the 3MC state. For C2, the effect of the increased ligand field is not strong enough to close the prominent deactivation channel into the metal-centered quintet state, as for other Fe-polypyridine complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Darari
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Antonio Francés-Monerris
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.F.-M.); (A.M.)
- Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Bogdan Marekha
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Abdelatif Doudouh
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.D.); (E.W.)
| | - Emmanuel Wenger
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.D.); (E.W.)
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.F.-M.); (A.M.)
| | - Stefan Haacke
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, F-67034 Strasbourg, France;
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4
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Iglesias S, Gamonal A, Abudulimu A, Picón A, Carrasco E, Écija D, Liu C, Luer L, Zhang X, Costa JS, Moonshiram D. Tracking the Light-Induced Excited-State Dynamics and Structural Configurations of an Extraordinarily Long-Lived Metastable State at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2020; 26:10801-10810. [PMID: 32452581 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray (Tr-XAS) and optical transient absorption (OTA) spectroscopy on the pico-microsecond timescale coupled with density functional theory calculations are applied to study the light-induced spin crossover processes of a Fe-based macrocyclic complex in solution. Tr-XAS analysis after light illumination shows the formation of a seven-coordinated high-spin quintet metastable state, which relaxes to a six-coordinated high-spin configuration before decaying to the ground state. Kinetic analysis of the macrocyclic complex reveals an unprecedented long-lived decay lifetime of approximately 42.6 μs. Comparative studies with a non-macrocyclic counterpart illustrate a significantly shortened approximately 568-fold decay lifetime of about 75 ns, and highlight the importance of the ligand arrangement in stabilizing the reactivity of the excited state. Lastly, OTA analysis shows the seven-coordinated high-spin state to be formed within approximately 6.2 ps. These findings provide a complete understanding of the spin crossover reaction and relaxation pathways of the macrocyclic complex, and reveal the importance of a flexible coordination environment for their rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirma Iglesias
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Gamonal
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abasi Abudulimu
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Picón
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Carrasco
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Écija
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Larry Luer
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - José Sánchez Costa
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Naumova MA, Kalinko A, Wong JWL, Alvarez Gutierrez S, Meng J, Liang M, Abdellah M, Geng H, Lin W, Kubicek K, Biednov M, Lima F, Galler A, Zalden P, Checchia S, Mante PA, Zimara J, Schwarzer D, Demeshko S, Murzin V, Gosztola D, Jarenmark M, Zhang J, Bauer M, Lawson Daku ML, Khakhulin D, Gawelda W, Bressler C, Meyer F, Zheng K, Canton SE. Exploring the light-induced dynamics in solvated metallogrid complexes with femtosecond pulses across the electromagnetic spectrum. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:214301. [PMID: 32505143 DOI: 10.1063/1.5138641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligonuclear complexes of d4-d7 transition metal ion centers that undergo spin-switching have long been developed for their practical role in molecular electronics. Recently, they also have appeared as promising photochemical reactants demonstrating improved stability. However, the lack of knowledge about their photophysical properties in the solution phase compared to mononuclear complexes is currently hampering their inclusion into advanced light-driven reactions. In the present study, the ultrafast photoinduced dynamics in a solvated [2 × 2] iron(II) metallogrid complex are characterized by combining measurements with transient optical-infrared absorption and x-ray emission spectroscopy on the femtosecond time scale. The analysis is supported by density functional theory calculations. The photocycle can be described in terms of intra-site transitions, where the FeII centers in the low-spin state are independently photoexcited. The Franck-Condon state decays via the formation of a vibrationally hot high-spin (HS) state that displays coherent behavior within a few picoseconds and thermalizes within tens of picoseconds to yield a metastable HS state living for several hundreds of nanoseconds. Systematic comparison with the closely related mononuclear complex [Fe(terpy)2]2+ reveals that nuclearity has a profound impact on the photoinduced dynamics. More generally, this work provides guidelines for expanding the integration of oligonuclear complexes into new photoconversion schemes that may be triggered by ultrafast spin-switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Naumova
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Kalinko
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanne W L Wong
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sol Alvarez Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mingli Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Huifang Geng
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics ter 13, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Weihua Lin
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Zalden
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Jennifer Zimara
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vadim Murzin
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Gosztola
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - Jianxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department Chemie and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Max Latevi Lawson Daku
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, Quai E. Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Franc Meyer
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sophie E Canton
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Jiang Y, Liu LC, Sarracini A, Krawczyk KM, Wentzell JS, Lu C, Field RL, Matar SF, Gawelda W, Müller-Werkmeister HM, Miller RJD. Direct observation of nuclear reorganization driven by ultrafast spin transitions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1530. [PMID: 32251278 PMCID: PMC7090058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most basic molecular photophysical processes is that of spin transitions and intersystem crossing between excited states surfaces. The change in spin states affects the spatial distribution of electron density through the spin orbit coupling interaction. The subsequent nuclear reorganization reports on the full extent of the spin induced change in electron distribution, which can be treated similarly to intramolecular charge transfer with effective reaction coordinates depicting the spin transition. Here, single-crystal [FeII(bpy)3](PF6)2, a prototypical system for spin crossover (SCO) dynamics, is studied using ultrafast electron diffraction in the single-photon excitation regime. The photoinduced SCO dynamics are resolved, revealing two distinct processes with a (450 ± 20)-fs fast component and a (2.4 ± 0.4)-ps slow component. Using principal component analysis, we uncover the key structural modes, ultrafast Fe–N bond elongations coupled with ligand motions, that define the effective reaction coordinate to fully capture the relevant molecular reorganization. Electron spin is a fundamental property of molecules, and changes in spin state affect both molecular structure and dynamics. Here, the authors resolve, by ultrafast electron diffraction, the nuclear reorganization stabilizing spin transitions in a [FeII(bpy)3](PF6)2 crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Jiang
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Lai Chung Liu
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada.,Uncharted Software, 600-2 Berkeley St., Toronto, M5A 4J5, ON, Canada
| | - Antoine Sarracini
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada
| | - Kamil M Krawczyk
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan S Wentzell
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada
| | - Cheng Lu
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan L Field
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada
| | - Samir F Matar
- Lebanese German University, LGU, Sahel-Alma, P.O. Box 206, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany. .,Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada.
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7
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Reproducing absorption spectra of pH indicators from RGB values of microscopic images. Talanta 2020; 216:120952. [PMID: 32456926 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Absorption spectra of pH indicators in aqueous solutions were reproduced from RGB values of microscopic images utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) and linear algebraic treatments. The reproduction of absorption spectra comprises the following three steps: (1) determining the loading spectra by PCA, (2) determining the conversion matrix from the RGB values to the score vectors, and (3) reproducing the absorption spectra by linear combination of the loading spectra and the score vectors. The reproducibility of the absorption spectra was demonstrated by employing bromothymol blue and methyl red solutions as pH indicators. The reproduced spectra of both indicators were in good agreement with the spectra measured with a conventional spectrophotometer. The pKa values of both indicators calculated from the reproduced spectra are in good agreement with those obtained from the spectrophotometric spectra and the literature values, confirming validity of the reproduction. This approach was applied to measure pH of freeze concentrated solutions in micro drains formed in ice. A change in pH was successfully observed on freezing and was compared with that reported in previous literature. Since this method does not necessitate the use of grating systems, spectral changes can be traced in milliseconds; this elucidates the phenomena occurring in fluctuating fields.
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8
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Naumova MA, Kalinko A, Wong JWL, Abdellah M, Geng H, Domenichini E, Meng J, Gutierrez SA, Mante PA, Lin W, Zalden P, Galler A, Lima F, Kubicek K, Biednov M, Britz A, Checchia S, Kabanova V, Wulff M, Zimara J, Schwarzer D, Demeshko S, Murzin V, Gosztola D, Jarenmark M, Zhang J, Bauer M, Lawson Daku ML, Gawelda W, Khakhulin D, Bressler C, Meyer F, Zheng K, Canton SE. Revealing Hot and Long-Lived Metastable Spin States in the Photoinduced Switching of Solvated Metallogrid Complexes with Femtosecond Optical and X-ray Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2133-2141. [PMID: 32069410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An atomistic understanding of the photoinduced spin-state switching (PSS) within polynuclear systems of d4-d7 transition metal ion complexes is required for their rational integration into light-driven reactions of chemical and biological interest. However, in contrast to mononuclear systems, the multidimensional dynamics of the PSS in solvated molecular arrays have not yet been elucidated due to the expected complications associated with the connectivity between the metal centers and the strong interactions with the surroundings. In this work, the PSS in a solvated triiron(II) metallogrid complex is characterized using transient optical absorption and X-ray emission spectroscopies on the femtosecond time scale. The complementary measurements reveal the photoinduced creation of energy-rich (hot) and long-lived quintet states, whose dynamics differ critically from their mononuclear congeners. This finding opens major prospects for developing novel schemes in solution-phase spin chemistry that are driven by the dynamic PSS process in compact oligometallic arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Naumova
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Kalinko
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Chemie and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Joanne W L Wong
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Qena Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Huifang Geng
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics ter 13, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | | | - Jie Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sol Alvarez Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pierre-Adrien Mante
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Weihua Lin
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Zalden
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Victoria Kabanova
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38000 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Michael Wulff
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38000 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jennifer Zimara
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vadim Murzin
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - David Gosztola
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Jianxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department Chemie and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Max Latevi Lawson Daku
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, Quai E. Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Christian Bressler
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sophie E Canton
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics ter 13, Szeged 6720, Hungary
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9
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Lawson Daku LM. Spin-state dependence of the structural and vibrational properties of solvated iron( ii) polypyridyl complexes from AIMD simulations: III. [Fe(tpen)]Cl 2 in acetonitrile. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43343-43357. [PMID: 35519674 PMCID: PMC9058091 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09499d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to achieve an in-depth understanding of the role played by the solvent in the photoinduced low-spin (LS) → high-spin (HS) transition in solvated Fe(ii) complexes, an accurate description of the solvated complexes in the two spin states is required. To this end, we are applying state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations to the study of the structural and vibrational properties of iron(ii) polypyridyl complexes. Two aqueous LS complexes were investigated in this framework, namely, [Fe(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) [Lawson Daku and Hauser, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2010, 1, 1830; Lawson Daku, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 6236] and [Fe(tpy)2]2+ (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-ter-pyridine) [Lawson Daku, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 650]. For aqueous [Fe(bpy)3]2+, combining the results of forefront wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments with those of the AIMD simulations allowed the visualization of the interlaced coordination and solvation spheres of the photoinduced HS state [Khakhulin et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 9277]. In this paper, we report the extension of our AIMD studies to the spin-crossover complex [Fe(tpen)]2+ (tpen = N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine) in acetonitrile (ACN). The determined LS and HS solution structures of the complex are in excellent agreement with the experimental results obtained by high-resolution transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy [Zhang et al., ACS Omega, 2019, 4, 6375]. The first solvation shell of [Fe(tpen)]2+ consists of ACN molecules located in the grooves defined by the chelating coordination motif of the tpen ligand. Upon the LS → HS change of states, the solvation number of the complex is found to increase from ≈9.2 to ≈11.9 and an inner solvation shell is formed. This inner solvation shell originates from the occupancy by about one ACN molecule of the internal cavity which results from the arrangement of the 4 pyridine rings of the tpen ligand, and which becomes accessible to the solvent molecules in the HS state only thanks to the structural changes undergone by the complex. The presence of this inner solvation shell for the solvated HS complex probably plays a key role in the spin-state dependent reactivity of [Fe(tpen)]2+ in liquid solutions. AIMD study of the SCO [Fe(tpen)]2+ complex in acetonitrile: radial distribution functions and running coordination numbers characterizing its solvation structure in the HS state.![]()
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Lawson Daku LM. Spin-state dependence of the structural and vibrational properties of solvated iron(ii) polypyridyl complexes from AIMD simulations: II. aqueous [Fe(tpy)2]Cl2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:650-661. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06671j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
LS and HS Fe–O radial distribution functions and running coordination numbers for aqueous [Fe(tpy)2]Cl2: in both spin states, the first hydration shell of [Fe(tpy)2]2+ consists in a chain of ∼15 hydrogen-bonded water molecules wrapped around the ligands.
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Chastanet G, Lorenc M, Bertoni R, Desplanches C. Light-induced spin crossover—Solution and solid-state processes. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Wolny JA, Schünemann V, Németh Z, Vankó G. Spectroscopic techniques to characterize the spin state: Vibrational, optical, Mössbauer, NMR, and X-ray spectroscopy. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Lawson Daku LM. Spin-state dependence of the structural and vibrational properties of solvated iron(ii) polypyridyl complexes from AIMD simulations: aqueous [Fe(bpy)3]Cl2, a case study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6236-6253. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07862e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
LS and HS IR spectra of aqueous [Fe(bpy)3]2+ and corresponding HS–LS difference IR spectrum as obtained from state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics simulations applied to the determination of the structural and vibrational properties of the solvated complex.
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Olivo G, Barbieri A, Dantignana V, Sessa F, Migliorati V, Monte M, Pascarelli S, Narayanan T, Lanzalunga O, Di Stefano S, D'Angelo P. Following a Chemical Reaction on the Millisecond Time Scale by Simultaneous X-ray and UV/Vis Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2958-2963. [PMID: 28605898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An innovative approach aimed at disclosing the mechanism of chemical reactions occurring in solution on the millisecond time scale is presented. Time-resolved energy dispersive X-ray absorption and UV/vis spectroscopies with millisecond resolution are used simultaneously to directly follow the evolution of both the oxidation state and the local structure of the metal center in an iron complex. Two redox reactions are studied, the former involving the transformation of FeII into two subsequent FeIII species and the latter involving the more complex FeII-FeIII-FeIV-FeIII sequence. The structural modifications occurring around the iron center are correlated to the reaction mechanisms. This combined approach has the potential to provide unique insights into reaction mechanisms in the liquid phase and represents a new powerful tool to characterize short-lived intermediates that are silent to common spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Olivo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Barbieri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Dantignana
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Migliorati
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Manuel Monte
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sakura Pascarelli
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Theyencheri Narayanan
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Paola D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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16
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Rupp F, Chevalier K, Graf M, Schmitz M, Kelm H, Grün A, Zimmer M, Gerhards M, van Wüllen C, Krüger HJ, Diller R. Spectroscopic, Structural, and Kinetic Investigation of the Ultrafast Spin Crossover in an Unusual Cobalt(II) Semiquinonate Radical Complex. Chemistry 2017; 23:2119-2132. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Rupp
- Department of Physics; University of Kaiserslautern; Erwin Schrödinger Str. 46 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Katharina Chevalier
- Department of Physics; University of Kaiserslautern; Erwin Schrödinger Str. 46 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Michèle Graf
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kaiserslautern; Erwin Schrödinger Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Markus Schmitz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kaiserslautern; Erwin Schrödinger Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Harald Kelm
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kaiserslautern; Erwin Schrödinger Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Anneken Grün
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kaiserslautern; Erwin Schrödinger Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Manuel Zimmer
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kaiserslautern; Erwin Schrödinger Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kaiserslautern; Erwin Schrödinger Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Christoph van Wüllen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kaiserslautern; Erwin Schrödinger Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Krüger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kaiserslautern; Erwin Schrödinger Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Rolf Diller
- Department of Physics; University of Kaiserslautern; Erwin Schrödinger Str. 46 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
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17
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Kruppa SV, Bäppler F, Klopper W, Walg SP, Thiel WR, Diller R, Riehn C. Ultrafast excited-state relaxation of a binuclear Ag(i) phosphine complex in gas phase and solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:22785-22800. [PMID: 28828458 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04128d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The [Ag2(dcpm)2]2+ phosphine complex displays multiexponential excited-state relaxation dynamics both in the gas phase and in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Kruppa
- Department of Chemistry
- TU Kaiserslautern
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - F. Bäppler
- Department of Physics
- TU Kaiserslautern
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - W. Klopper
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - S. P. Walg
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - W. R. Thiel
- Department of Chemistry
- TU Kaiserslautern
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - R. Diller
- Department of Physics
- TU Kaiserslautern
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - C. Riehn
- Department of Chemistry
- TU Kaiserslautern
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
- Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS
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18
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Schäfer B, Bauer T, Faus I, Wolny JA, Dahms F, Fuhr O, Lebedkin S, Wille HC, Schlage K, Chevalier K, Rupp F, Diller R, Schünemann V, Kappes MM, Ruben M. A luminescent Pt2Fe spin crossover complex. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:2289-2302. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04360g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A heterotrinuclear luminescent [Pt2Fe] spin crossover (SCO) complex was developed, synthesized, and investigated.
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19
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Sun Q, Dereka B, Vauthey E, Lawson Daku LM, Hauser A. Ultrafast transient IR spectroscopy and DFT calculations of ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes. Chem Sci 2016; 8:223-230. [PMID: 28451169 PMCID: PMC5308284 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast time-resolved infrared spectroscopy of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), [Ru(mbpy)3]2+ (mbpy = 6-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine) and [Ru(mphen)3]2+ (mphen = 2-methyl-1,10'-phenanthroline) in deuterated acetonitrile serves to elucidate the evolution of the system following pulsed excitation into the 1MLCT band at 400 nm. While for [Ru(bpy)3]2+ no intermediate state can be evidenced for the relaxation of the corresponding 3MLCT state back to the ground state, for [Ru(mbpy)3]2+ and [Ru(mphen)3]2+ an intermediate state with a lifetime of about 400 ps is observed. The species associated IR difference spectra of this state are in good agreement with the calculated difference spectra of the lowest energy 3dd state using DFT. The calculated potential energy curves for all the complexes in the triplet manifold along the metal-ligand distance show that for [Ru(bpy)3]2+ the 3dd state is at a higher energy than the 3MLCT state and that there is a substantial barrier between the two minima. For [Ru(mbpy)3]2+ and [Ru(mphen)3]2+, the 3dd state is at a lower energy than the 3MLCT state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchao Sun
- Département de Chimie Physique , Université de Genève , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet , 1211 Genève , Switzerland .
| | - Bogdan Dereka
- Département de Chimie Physique , Université de Genève , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet , 1211 Genève , Switzerland .
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Département de Chimie Physique , Université de Genève , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet , 1211 Genève , Switzerland .
| | - Latévi M Lawson Daku
- Département de Chimie Physique , Université de Genève , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet , 1211 Genève , Switzerland .
| | - Andreas Hauser
- Département de Chimie Physique , Université de Genève , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet , 1211 Genève , Switzerland .
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Van Kuiken BE, Cho H, Hong K, Khalil M, Schoenlein RW, Kim TK, Huse N. Time-Resolved X-ray Spectroscopy in the Water Window: Elucidating Transient Valence Charge Distributions in an Aqueous Fe(II) Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:465-70. [PMID: 26727390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved nitrogen-1s spectroscopy in the X-ray water window is presented as a novel probe of metal-ligand interactions and transient states in nitrogen-containing organic compounds. New information on iron(II) polypyridyl complexes via nitrogen core-level transitions yields insight into the charge density of the photoinduced high-spin state by comparing experimental results with time-dependent density functional theory. In the transient high-spin state, the 3d electrons of the metal center are more delocalized over the nearest-neighbor nitrogen atoms despite increased bond lengths. Our findings point to a strong coupling of electronic states with charge-transfer character, facilitating the ultrafast intersystem crossing cascade in these systems. The study also highlights the importance of local charge density measures to complement chemical interaction concepts of charge donation and back-bonding with molecular orbital descriptions of states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Van Kuiken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hana Cho
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiryong Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Robert W Schoenlein
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tae Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nils Huse
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Kim J, Kim KH, Oang KY, Lee JH, Hong K, Cho H, Huse N, Schoenlein RW, Kim TK, Ihee H. Tracking reaction dynamics in solution by pump–probe X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray liquidography (solution scattering). Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3734-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08949b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TRXL and TRXAS are powerful techniques for real-time probing of structural and electronic dynamics of photoinduced reactions in solution phase.
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22
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Gerasimova TP, Katsyuba SA, Lavrenova LG, Pelmenschikov V, Kaupp M. Correlations between metal spin states and vibrational spectra of a trinuclear Fe(II) complex exhibiting spin crossover. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Hong K, Cho H, Schoenlein RW, Kim TK, Huse N. Element-specific characterization of transient electronic structure of solvated Fe(II) complexes with time-resolved soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:2957-66. [PMID: 26488127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Polypyridyl transition-metal complexes are an intriguing class of compounds due to the relatively facile chemical designs and variations in ligand-field strengths that allow for spin-state changes and hence electronic configurations in response to external perturbations such as pressure and light. Light-activated spin-conversion complexes have possible applications in a variety of molecular-based devices, and ultrafast excited-state evolution in these complexes is of fundamental interest for understanding of the origins of spin-state conversion in metal complexes. Knowledge of the interplay of structure and valence charge distributions is important to understand which degrees of freedom drive spin-conversion and which respond in a favorable (or unfavorable) manner. To track the response of the constituent components, various types of time-resolved X-ray probe methods have been utilized for a broad range of chemical and biological systems relevant to catalysis, solar energy conversions, and functional molecular devices. In particular, transient soft X-ray spectroscopy of solvated molecules can offer complementary information on the detailed electronic structures and valence charge distributions of photoinduced intermediate species: First-row transition-metal L-edges consist of 2p-3d transitions, which directly probe the unoccupied valence density of states and feature lifetime broadening in the range of 100 meV, making them sensitive spectral probes of metal-ligand interactions. In this Account, we present some of our recent progress in employing picosecond and femtosecond soft X-ray pulses from synchrotron sources to investigate element specific valence charge distributions and spin-state evolutions in Fe(II) polypyridyl complexes via core-level transitions. Our results on transient L-edge spectroscopy of Fe(II) complexes clearly show that the reduction in σ-donation is compensated by significant attenuation of π-backbonding upon spin-crossover. This underscores the important information contained in transient metal L-edge spectroscopy on changes in the 3d orbitals including oxidation states, orbital symmetries, and covalency, which largely define the chemistry of these complexes. In addition, ligand K-edge spectroscopy reveals the "ligand view" of the valence charge density by probing 1s-2p core-level transitions at the K-edge of light elements such as nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen. In the case of Fe(II) spin-conversion complexes, additional details of the metal-ligand interactions can be obtained by this type of X-ray spectroscopy. With new initiatives in and construction of X-ray free-electron laser sources, we expect time-resolved soft X-ray spectroscopy to pave a new way to study electronic and molecular dynamics of functional materials, thereby answering many interesting scientific questions in inorganic chemistry and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiryong Hong
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
- Ultrafast
X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Center
for Inorganic Analysis, Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert W. Schoenlein
- Ultrafast
X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tae Kyu Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nils Huse
- Department of
Physics, University of Hamburg, Max Planck Institute
for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Abstract
It is known that excitation by visible light of the singlet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer ((1)MLCT) states of Fe(II) complexes leads to population of the lowest-lying high-spin quintet state ((5)T) with unity quantum yield. Here we investigate this so-called spin crossover (SCO) transition in aqueous iron(II)tris(bipyridine). We use pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy with a high time resolution of <60 fs in the ultraviolet probe range, in which the (5)T state absorbs, and of <40 fs in the visible probe range, in which both the hot MLCT state and the (5)T state absorb. Our results show that the (5)T state is impulsively populated in less than 50 fs, which is the time we measured for the depopulation of the MCLT manifold. We propose that non-totally-symmetric modes mediate the process, possibly high-frequency modes of the bipyridine (bpy) ligand. These results show that even though the SCO process in Fe(II) complexes represents a strongly spin-forbidden (ΔS = 2) two-electron transition, spin flipping occurs at near subvibrational times and is intertwined with the electron and structural dynamics of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Auböck
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Faculté des Sciences de Base, ISIC, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Faculté des Sciences de Base, ISIC, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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25
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Bertoni R, Cammarata M, Lorenc M, Matar SF, Létard JF, Lemke HT, Collet E. Ultrafast light-induced spin-state trapping photophysics investigated in Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 spin-crossover crystal. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:774-81. [PMID: 25705921 DOI: 10.1021/ar500444d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Few photoactive molecules undergo a complete transformation of physical properties (magnetism, optical absorption, etc.) when irradiated with light. Such phenomena can happen on the time scale of fundamental atomic motions leading to an entirely new state within less than 1 ps following light absorption. Spin crossover (SCO) molecules are prototype systems having the ability to switch between low spin (LS) and high spin (HS) molecular states both at thermal equilibrium and after light irradiation. In the case of Fe(II) (3d(6)) complexes in a nearly octahedral ligand field, the two possible electronic distributions among the 3d split orbitals are S = 0 for the LS diamagnetic state and S = 2 for the HS paramagnetic state. In crystals, such photoexcited states can be long-lived at low temperature, as is the case for the photoinduced HS state of the [Fe(phen)2(NCS)2] SCO compound investigated here. We first show how such bistability between the diamagnetic and paramagnetic states can be characterized at thermal equilibrium or after light irradiation at low temperature. Complementary techniques provide invaluable insights into relationships between changes of electronic states and structural reorganization. But the development of such light-active materials requires the understanding of the basic mechanism following light excitation of molecules, responsible for trapping them into new electronic and structural states. We therefore discuss how we can observe a photomagnetic molecule during switching and catch on the fly electronic and structural molecular changes with ultrafast X-ray and optical absorption spectroscopies. In addition, there is a long debate regarding the mechanism behind the efficiency of such a light-induced process. Recent theoretical works suggest that such speed and efficiency are possible thanks to the instantaneous coupling with the phonons of the final state. We discuss here the first experimental proof of that statement as we observe the instantaneous activation of one key phonon mode precluding any recurrence towards the initial state. Our studies show that the structural molecular reorganization trapping the photoinduced electronic state occurs in two sequential steps: the molecule elongates first (within 170 femtosecond) and bends afterwards. This dynamics is caught via the coherent vibrational energy transfer of the two main structural modes. We discuss the transformation pathway connecting the initial photoexcited state to the final state, which involves several key reaction coordinates. These results show the need to replace the classical single coordinate picture employed so far with a more complex multidimensional energy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bertoni
- Institut
de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251Université Rennes 1, Rennes 35042 cedex, France
| | - Marco Cammarata
- Institut
de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251Université Rennes 1, Rennes 35042 cedex, France
| | - Maciej Lorenc
- Institut
de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251Université Rennes 1, Rennes 35042 cedex, France
| | - Samir F. Matar
- ICMCB,
CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 87 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, Pessac 33608, France
| | - Jean-François Létard
- ICMCB,
CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 87 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, Pessac 33608, France
| | - Henrik T. Lemke
- LCLS, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Eric Collet
- Institut
de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251Université Rennes 1, Rennes 35042 cedex, France
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26
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Zimmer M, Rupp F, Singer P, Walz F, Breher F, Klopper W, Diller R, Gerhards M. Time-resolved IR spectroscopy of a trinuclear palladium complex in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14138-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00959f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved IR spectroscopic methods covering the femto- to microsecond range in combination with (TD-)DFT computations were used to investigate the electronically excited state structure of a trinuclear Pd complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Zimmer
- Chemistry Department and Research Center Optimas
- TU Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - F. Rupp
- Physics Department
- TU Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - P. Singer
- Physics Department
- TU Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - F. Walz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - F. Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - W. Klopper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - R. Diller
- Physics Department
- TU Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - M. Gerhards
- Chemistry Department and Research Center Optimas
- TU Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
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27
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Bertoni R, Lorenc M, Tissot A, Boillot ML, Collet E. Femtosecond photoswitching dynamics and microsecond thermal conversion driven by laser heating in FeIII spin-crossover solids. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Kaszub W, Marino A, Lorenc M, Collet E, Bagryanskaya EG, Tretyakov EV, Ovcharenko VI, Fedin MV. Ultrafast Photoswitching in a Copper-Nitroxide-Based Molecular Magnet. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Kaszub W, Marino A, Lorenc M, Collet E, Bagryanskaya EG, Tretyakov EV, Ovcharenko VI, Fedin MV. Ultrafast Photoswitching in a Copper-Nitroxide-Based Molecular Magnet. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10636-40. [PMID: 25138683 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wawrzyniec Kaszub
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR UR1- CNRS 6251, Universite Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes cedex (France)
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30
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Marino A, Servol M, Bertoni R, Lorenc M, Mauriac C, Létard JF, Collet E. Femtosecond optical pump–probe reflectivity studies of spin-state photo-switching in the spin-crossover molecular crystals [Fe(PM-AzA)2(NCS)2]. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Chevalier K, Grün A, Stamm A, Schmitt Y, Gerhards M, Diller R. ESIPT and Photodissociation of 3-Hydroxychromone in Solution: Photoinduced Processes Studied by Static and Time-Resolved UV/Vis, Fluorescence, and IR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:11233-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp407252y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Chevalier
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of
Chemistry and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anneken Grün
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of
Chemistry and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anke Stamm
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of
Chemistry and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Yvonne Schmitt
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of
Chemistry and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of
Chemistry and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Rolf Diller
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of
Chemistry and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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32
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Morozov VA. Cooperative spin-crossover-like transitions in the inhomogeneous chain of exchange clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9931-9. [PMID: 23677133 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50689d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A statistical theory of temperature-induced spin-crossover-like transitions has been developed for spin chains with a few exchange clusters in a unit cell. Using static magnetic susceptibility measurements, a general expression for the effective magnetic moment μ(eff) of exchange clusters is obtained for an arbitrary structure of cluster terms. For heterospin Cu(hfac)2L(R) complexes ("breathing crystals") with a "head-to-head" chain motif, a two-point approximation for a partition function of the Jahn-Teller Cu(+2) paramagnetic center (spin 1/2) is suggested. Theoretical results are compared with available experimental data on thermal spin-crossover-like transitions in the "breathing crystal" compounds. It is shown that the model developed is able to successfully describe both of the cases of smooth and abrupt (cooperative) spin transitions for chains of three-spin exchange clusters. Spin-crossover-like transitions of a new type with step-wise changes in a positive exchange integral are predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy A Morozov
- International Tomography Centre of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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33
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Paulsen H, Schünemann V, Wolny JA. Progress in Electronic Structure Calculations on Spin-Crossover Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Rupp F, Chevalier K, Wolf M, Krüger HJ, Wüllen CV, Nosenko Y, Niedner-Schatteburg Y, Riehn C, Diller R. Photoinduced Processes in Cobalt-Complexes: Condensed Phase and Gas Phase. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Matouzenko GS, Borshch SA, Schünemann V, Wolny JA. Ligand strain and conformations in a family of Fe(ii) spin crossover hexadentate complexes involving the 2-pyridylmethyl-amino moiety: DFT modelling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:7411-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44570d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Jin W, Rupp F, Chevalier K, Wolf MMN, Rojas MC, Lefkidis G, Krüger HJ, Diller R, Hübner W. Combined theoretical and experimental study of spin and charge dynamics on the homodinuclear complex [Ni2(II)(L-N4Me2)(emb)]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:267209. [PMID: 23368615 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.267209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of spin and charge dynamics on the homodinuclear compound [Ni2(II)(L-N4Me2)(emb)]. The theoretically calculated oscillator strengths of the ground-state absorption spectrum show an acceptable agreement with experiment. We predict a local ultrafast laser-induced spin-flip scenario, which involves charge-transfer states. Experimentally, we observe charge dynamics on two different time scales. The two relevant, transient electronic states and their electronic properties are also theoretically characterized. These results provide a joint investigation of the homodinuclear complex and suggest a realistic scenario for ultrafast spin dynamics and other optical-related manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Jin
- Department of Physics, University of Kaiserslautern, PO Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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37
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Dupont N, Ran YF, Liu SX, Grilj J, Vauthey E, Decurtins S, Hauser A. A Donor–Acceptor Tetrathiafulvalene Ligand Complexed to Iron(II): Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Spectroscopy of [Fe(phen)2(TTF-dppz)](PF6)2. Inorg Chem 2012; 52:306-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3019277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Dupont
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet,
CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Ying-Fen Ran
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Grilj
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet,
CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet,
CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hauser
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet,
CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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38
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Stock P, Pędziński T, Spintig N, Grohmann A, Hörner G. High Intrinsic Barriers against Spin-State Relaxation in Iron(II)-Complex Solutions. Chemistry 2012; 19:839-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Kaszub W, Buron‐Le Cointe M, Lorenc M, Boillot M, Servol M, Tissot A, Guérin L, Cailleau H, Collet E. Spin‐State Photoswitching Dynamics of the [(TPA)Fe(TCC)]SbF
6
Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wawrzyniec Kaszub
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251UR1‐CNRS, Campus de Beaulieu, University Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, Fax: +33‐2‐23236532, http://blogperso.univ‐rennes1.fr/eric.collet/
| | - Marylise Buron‐Le Cointe
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251UR1‐CNRS, Campus de Beaulieu, University Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, Fax: +33‐2‐23236532, http://blogperso.univ‐rennes1.fr/eric.collet/
| | - Maciej Lorenc
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251UR1‐CNRS, Campus de Beaulieu, University Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, Fax: +33‐2‐23236532, http://blogperso.univ‐rennes1.fr/eric.collet/
| | - Marie‐Laure Boillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR‐CNRS 8182, University Paris Sud 11, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Marina Servol
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251UR1‐CNRS, Campus de Beaulieu, University Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, Fax: +33‐2‐23236532, http://blogperso.univ‐rennes1.fr/eric.collet/
| | - Antoine Tissot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR‐CNRS 8182, University Paris Sud 11, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Guérin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Hervé Cailleau
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251UR1‐CNRS, Campus de Beaulieu, University Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, Fax: +33‐2‐23236532, http://blogperso.univ‐rennes1.fr/eric.collet/
| | - Eric Collet
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251UR1‐CNRS, Campus de Beaulieu, University Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, Fax: +33‐2‐23236532, http://blogperso.univ‐rennes1.fr/eric.collet/
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40
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Pápai M, Vankó G, de Graaf C, Rozgonyi T. Theoretical Investigation of the Electronic Structure of Fe(II) Complexes at Spin-State Transitions. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 9:509-519. [PMID: 25821416 PMCID: PMC4358629 DOI: 10.1021/ct300932n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The electronic structure relevant to low spin (LS)↔high
spin (HS) transitions in Fe(II) coordination compounds with a FeN6 core are studied. The selected [Fe(tz)6]2+ (1) (tz = 1H-tetrazole), [Fe(bipy)3]2+ (2) (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine), and [Fe(terpy)2]2+ (3) (terpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine)
complexes have been actively studied experimentally, and with their
respective mono-, bi-, and tridentate ligands, they constitute a comprehensive
set for theoretical case studies. The methods in this work include
density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT), and
multiconfigurational second order perturbation theory (CASPT2). We
determine the structural parameters as well as the energy splitting
of the LS–HS states (ΔEHL) applying the above methods and comparing their performance. We
also determine the potential energy curves representing the ground
and low-energy excited singlet, triplet, and quintet d6 states along the mode(s) that connect the LS and HS states. The
results indicate that while DFT is well suited for the prediction
of structural parameters, an accurate multiconfigurational approach
is essential for the quantitative determination of ΔEHL. In addition, a good qualitative agreement
is found between the TD-DFT and CASPT2 potential energy curves. Although
the TD-DFT results might differ in some respect (in our case, we found
a discrepancy at the triplet states), our results suggest that this
approach, with due care, is very promising as an alternative for the
very expensive CASPT2 method. Finally, the two-dimensional (2D) potential
energy surfaces above the plane spanned by the two relevant configuration
coordinates in [Fe(terpy)2]2+ were computed
at both the DFT and CASPT2 levels. These 2D surfaces indicate that
the singlet–triplet and triplet–quintet states are separated
along different coordinates, i.e., different vibration modes. Our
results confirm that in contrast to the case of complexes with mono-
and bidentate ligands, the singlet–quintet transitions in [Fe(terpy)2]2+ cannot be described using a single configuration
coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mátyás Pápai
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 49, Hungary
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 49, Hungary
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain ; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tamás Rozgonyi
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, Hungary
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41
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Bertoni R, Lorenc M, Tissot A, Servol M, Boillot ML, Collet E. Femtosecond Spin-State Photoswitching of Molecular Nanocrystals Evidenced by Optical Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Bertoni R, Lorenc M, Tissot A, Servol M, Boillot ML, Collet E. Femtosecond Spin-State Photoswitching of Molecular Nanocrystals Evidenced by Optical Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7485-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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43
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Patricia TT, Sandra MV, Manuela L, Andrea L, Paolo F, Andrea D, Roberto R. Transient infrared spectroscopy: a new approach to investigate valence tautomerism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:1038-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22557j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Cho H, Strader ML, Hong K, Jamula L, Gullikson EM, Kim TK, de Groot FMF, McCusker JK, Schoenlein RW, Huse N. Ligand-field symmetry effects in Fe(ii) polypyridyl compounds probed by transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Faraday Discuss 2012; 157:463-74; discussion 475-500. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20040f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Chevalier K, Wolf MMN, Funk A, Andres M, Gerhards M, Diller R. Transient IR spectroscopy and ab initio calculations on ESIPT in 3-hydroxyflavone solvated in acetonitrile. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:15007-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41077j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Draksharapu A, Li Q, Logtenberg H, van den Berg TA, Meetsma A, Killeen JS, Feringa BL, Hage R, Roelfes G, Browne WR. Ligand Exchange and Spin State Equilibria of FeII(N4Py) and Related Complexes in Aqueous Media. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:900-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201879b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apparao Draksharapu
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qian Li
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hella Logtenberg
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tieme A. van den Berg
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Auke Meetsma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen,
The Netherlands
| | - J. Scott Killeen
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, P.O. Box 114, 3130 AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen,
The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Hage
- Rahu Catalytics BV, BioPartner Center Leiden, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333,
AL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Roelfes
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen,
The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen,
The Netherlands
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47
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Van Kuiken BE, Khalil M. Simulating picosecond iron K-edge X-ray absorption spectra by ab initio methods to study photoinduced changes in the electronic structure of Fe(II) spin crossover complexes. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10749-61. [PMID: 21846088 DOI: 10.1021/jp2056333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent time-resolved X-ray absorption experiments probing the low-spin to high-spin photoconversion in Fe(II) complexes have monitored the complex interplay between electronic and structural degrees of freedom on an ultrafast time scale. In this study, we use transition potential (TP) and time-dependent (TD) DFT to simulate the picosecond time-resolved iron K-edge X-ray absorption spectrum of the spin crossover (SCO) complex, [Fe(tren(py)(3))](2+). This is achieved by simulating the X-ray absorption spectrum of [Fe(tren(py)(3))](2+) in its low-spin (LS), (1)A(1), ground state and its high-spin (HS), (5)T(2), excited state. These results are compared with the X-ray absorption spectrum of the high-spin analogue (HSA), [Fe(tren(6-Me-py)(3))](2+), which has a (5)T(2) ground state. We show that the TP-DFT methodology can simulate a 40 eV range of the iron K-edge XANES spectrum reproducing all of the major features observed in the static and transient spectra of the LS, HS, and HSA complexes. The pre-edge region of the K-edge spectrum, simulated by TD-DFT, is shown to be highly sensitive to metal-ligand bonding. Changes in the intensity of the pre-edge region are shown to be sensitive to both symmetry and π-backbonding by analysis of relative electric dipole and quadrupole contributions to the transition moments. We generate a spectroscopic map of the iron 3d orbitals from our TD-DFT results and determine ligand field splitting energies of 1.55 and 1.35 eV for the HS and HSA complexes, respectively. We investigate the use of different functionals finding that hybrid functionals (such as PBE0) produce the best results. Finally, we provide a detailed comparison of our results with theoretical methods that have been previously used to interpret Fe K-edge spectroscopy of equilibrium and time-resolved SCO complexes.
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48
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Bousseksou A, Molnár G, Salmon L, Nicolazzi W. Molecular spin crossover phenomenon: recent achievements and prospects. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3313-35. [PMID: 21544283 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 887] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently we assisted a strong renewed interest in the fascinating field of molecular spin crossover complexes by (1) the emergence of nanosized spin crossover materials through direct synthesis of coordination nanoparticles and nanopatterned thin films as well as by (2) the use of novel sophisticated high spatial and temporal resolution experimental techniques and theoretical approaches for the study of spatiotemporal phenomena in cooperative spin crossover systems. Besides generating new fundamental knowledge on size-reduction effects and the dynamics of the spin crossover phenomenon, this research aims also at the development of practical applications such as sensor, display, information storage and nanophotonic devices. In this critical review, we discuss recent work in the field of molecule-based spin crossover materials with a special focus on these emerging issues, including chemical synthesis, physical properties and theoretical aspects as well (223 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzedine Bousseksou
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS UPR-8241 and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
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Huse N, Cho H, Hong K, Jamula L, de Groot FMF, Kim TK, McCusker JK, Schoenlein RW. Femtosecond Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of Solvated Transition-Metal Complexes: Deciphering the Interplay of Electronic and Structural Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2011; 2:880-4. [PMID: 26295622 DOI: 10.1021/jz200168m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present the first implementation of femtosecond soft X-ray spectroscopy as an ultrafast direct probe of the excited-state valence orbitals in solution-phase molecules. This method is applied to photoinduced spin crossover of [Fe(tren(py)3)](2+), where the ultrafast spin-state conversion of the metal ion, initiated by metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excitation, is directly measured using the intrinsic spin-state selectivity of the soft X-ray L-edge transitions. Our results provide important experimental data concerning the mechanism of ultrafast spin-state conversion and subsequent electronic and structural dynamics, highlighting the potential of this technique to study ultrafast phenomena in the solution phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Huse
- †Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hana Cho
- †Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiryong Hong
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Lindsey Jamula
- §Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | | | - Tae Kyu Kim
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - James K McCusker
- §Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Robert W Schoenlein
- †Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Light-induced spin crossover in Fe(II)-based complexes: The full photocycle unraveled by ultrafast optical and X-ray spectroscopies. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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