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Jiang Q, Liu X, Wang W, Chen Y, Yu M. Metal-free direct C-6-H alkylation of purines and purine nucleosides enabled by oxidative homolysis of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines at room temperature. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1744-1754. [PMID: 36723234 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the application of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs), which are easily prepared from inexpensive aldehydes in one step, for the direct site-specific C-H alkylation of purines and purine nucleosides. Despite there being three active C(sp2)-H bonds (C-2-H, C-6-H, and C-8-H) in the structure, the reactions still show high regioselectivity at the purinyl C-6-H position. Importantly, the reactions successfully avoid the use of transition metal catalysts and additional acids. Meanwhile, the protocols are not sensitive to moisture and require only persulfate as an oxidant. Besides, this method displays broad functional group compatibility and is easy to scale up. Notably, pharmaceutical purines, e.g. the natural product 6-hydroxymethyl nebularine isolated from basidiomycetes, can be smoothly prepared using this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Xiguang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Weili Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yiwen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Mingwu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
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2
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Liu G, Mu X, Tian M, Wang W, Zou C, Chen Y, Yu M. Metal‐Free, Light‐Mediated, Site‐Specific, Radical C6−H Alkylation of Purines with Alcohols Intervened by Oxalates without Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 Shandong Province P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Mu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 Shandong Province P. R. China
| | - Miao Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai 264025 Shandong Province P. R. China
| | - Weili Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 Shandong Province P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Zou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 Shandong Province P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 Shandong Province P. R. China
| | - Mingwu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 Shandong Province P. R. China
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3
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Yu M, Jiang Q, Liu X, Chen Y, Sun K, Tian M, Wang W. Regiospecificity C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Bond Construction between Purines and Alkenes to Synthesize C 6-Alkylpurines and Purine Nucleosides Using O 2 as the Oxidant. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1411-1423. [PMID: 36634372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A highly site-selective and Markovnikov-type radical C6-H alkylation of purines with alkenes is achieved, allowing fast construction of the C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond at the C-6-position of purines and purine nucleosides using O2 as a green oxidant and alkenes as cheap alkylation reagents. The route was also a radical route to synthesize C6-alkyl-N7-substituted purines with potential steric hindrance between C6-alkyl groups and N7-substituted groups. This reaction is easily scaled up and has excellent functional group compatibility and broad substrate scopes. Moreover, the unstable intermediate was also separated, which was the key evidence for the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Xiguang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Miao Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Weili Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
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Wang DC, Xia R, Xie MS, Qu GR, Guo HM. Synthesis of cycloalkyl substituted purine nucleosides via a metal-free radical route. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4189-93. [PMID: 27101306 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00596a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient route to synthesize cycloalkyl substituted purine nucleosides was developed. This metal-free C-H activation was accomplished by a tBuOOtBu initiated radical reaction. By adjusting the amount of tBuOOtBu and reaction time, the selective synthesis of C6-monocycloalkyl or C6,C8-dicycloalkyl substituted purine nucleosides could be realized. Furthermore, uracil and related nucleosides were also suitable substrates, giving the C5-cyclohexyl substituted uracil derivatives in good yields with excellent regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chao Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan province 453007, P. R. China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Ran Xia
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan province 453007, P. R. China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan province 453007, P. R. China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
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Yang H, Budow-Busse S, Eickmeier H, Reuter H, Seela F. 7-Cyclopropyl-2′-deoxytubercidin: a carbocyclic side-chain derivative of 7-deaza-2′-deoxyadenosine. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 70:1116-20. [DOI: 10.1107/s205322961402378x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound {systematic name: 4-amino-5-cyclopropyl-7-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine}, C14H18N4O3, exhibits anantiglycosylic bond conformation, with the torsion angle χ = −108.7 (2)°. The furanose group shows a twisted C1′-exosugar pucker (S-type), withP= 120.0 (2)° and τm= 40.4 (1)°. The orientation of the exocyclic C4′—C5′ bond is -ap(trans), with the torsion angle γ = −167.1 (2)°. The cyclopropyl substituent points away from the nucleobase (antiorientation). Within the three-dimensional extended crystal structure, the individual molecules are stacked and arranged into layers, which are highly ordered and stabilized by hydrogen bonding. The O atom of the exocyclic 5′-hydroxy group of the sugar residue acts as an acceptor, forming a bifurcated hydrogen bond to the amino groups of two different neighbouring molecules. By this means, four neighbouring molecules form a rhomboidal arrangement of two bifurcated hydrogen bonds involving two amino groups and two O5′ atoms of the sugar residues.
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Xia R, Xie MS, Niu HY, Qu GR, Guo HM. Radical Route for the Alkylation of Purine Nucleosides at C6 via Minisci Reaction. Org Lett 2013; 16:444-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4033336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xia
- School
of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453007, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province453007, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province453007, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Niu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province453007, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- School
of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453007, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province453007, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- School
of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453007, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province453007, P. R. China
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Synthesis and biological activity of benzo-fused 7-deazaadenosine analogues. 5- and 6-substituted 4-amino- or 4-alkylpyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5362-72. [PMID: 23827234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two series of new 4-aminopyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides bearing phenyl or hetaryl group at position 5 or 6 have been prepared by Suzuki or Stille cross-coupling reactions employing X-Phos ligand with (het)arylboronic acids or stannanes. A series of 4-substituted nucleosides has been also prepared by Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings or nucleophilic substitution. Some of these compounds displayed moderate antiviral activities against HCV and dengue viruses.
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Hassan AEA, Abou-Elkhair RAI, Riordan JM, Allan PW, Parker WB, Khare R, Waud WR, Montgomery JA, Secrist JA. Synthesis and evaluation of the substrate activity of C-6 substituted purine ribosides with E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase: palladium mediated cross-coupling of organozinc halides with 6-chloropurine nucleosides. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 47:167-74. [PMID: 22112758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of C-6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aryl-9-(β-d-ribofuranosyl)purines were synthesized and their substrate activities with Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (E. coli PNP) were evaluated. (Ph(3)P)(4)Pd-mediated cross-coupling reactions of 6-chloro-9-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-β-d-ribofuranosyl)-purine (6) with primary alkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr, n-Bu, isoBu) zinc halides followed by treatment with NH(3)/MeOH gave the corresponding 6-alkyl-9-(β-d-ribofuranosyl)purine derivatives 7-11, respectively, in good yields. Reactions of 6 with cycloalkyl(propyl, butyl, pentyl)zinc halides and aryl (phenyl, 2-thienyl)zinc halides gave under similar conditions the corresponding 6-cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, and thienyl -9-(β-d-ribofuranosyl)purine derivatives 12-16, respectively in high yields. E. coli PNP showed a high tolerance to the steric and hydrophobic environment at the 6-position of the synthesized purine ribonucleosides. Significant cytotoxic activity was observed for 8, 12, 15, and 16. Evaluation of 12 and 16 against human tumor xenografts in mice did not demonstrate any selective antitumor activity. In addition, 6-methyl-9-(β-d-arabinofuranosyl)purine (18) was prepared and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla E A Hassan
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, P.O. Box 55305, Birmingham, AL 35255-5305, USA
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9
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Hasník Z, Pohl R, Hocek M. Synthesis of (purin-6-yl)methylphosphonate bases and nucleosides. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.02.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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