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Zhou Z, Gai L, Xu LW, Guo Z, Lu H. Disilane-bridged architectures: an emerging class of molecular materials. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10385-10402. [PMID: 37799998 PMCID: PMC10548527 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02690f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disilanes are organosilicon compounds that contain saturated Si-Si bonds. The structural characteristics of Si-Si single bonds resemble those of C-C single bonds, but their electronic structure is more similar to that of C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bonds, as Si-Si bonds have a higher HOMO energy level. These organosilicon compounds feature unique intramolecular σ electron delocalization, low ionization potentials, polarizable electronic structure, and σ-π interaction. It has been demonstrated that the employment of disilane units (Si-Si) is a versatile and effective approach for finely adjusting the photophysical properties of organic materials in both solution and solid states. In this review, we present and discuss the structure, properties, and relationships of novel σ-π-conjugated hybrid architectures with saturated Si-Si σ bonds. The application of disilane-bridged σ-conjugated compounds as optoelectronic materials, multifunctional solid-state emitters, CPL, and non-linear optical and stimuli-responsive materials is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Lizhi Gai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 China
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcis Avarvari
- MOLTECH‐Anjou, UMR 6200, CNRS University of Angers 2 bd Lavoisier 49045 ANGERS Cedex France
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Linnemannstöns M, Schwabedissen J, Schultz AA, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Berger RJF, Mitzel NW. London dispersion-driven hetero-aryl-aryl interactions in 1,2-diaryldisilanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2252-2255. [PMID: 31993595 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09851h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-covalent aryl-aryl interactions for the molecular structures of three 1,2-diaryltetramethyldisilanes X5C6-(SiMe2)2-C6Y5 (X ≠ Y; X, Y = H, F, Cl) were studied by single crystal X-ray and gas electron diffraction as well as by SAPT calculations. Aryl-aryl interactions cause all to adopt exclusively rather untypical eclipsed syn-conformers in the gas phase, and C6F5-(SiMe2)2-C6Cl5 also in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Linnemannstöns
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Jan Schwabedissen
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Straße 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Aaron A Schultz
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Raphael J F Berger
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Straße 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Hasegawa M, Shirai M, Mazaki Y. Tetrathiafulvalene Dimer Merged with a Binuclear Ring of Sn and Sb: Synthesis and Molecular Structures Induced by Heteroatoms. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry School of Science Kitasato University 1‐15‐1 Kitasato, Minami‐ku 252‐0373 Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Masaki Shirai
- Department of Chemistry School of Science Kitasato University 1‐15‐1 Kitasato, Minami‐ku 252‐0373 Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of Chemistry School of Science Kitasato University 1‐15‐1 Kitasato, Minami‐ku 252‐0373 Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
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Liang GQ, Zhang ZB, Li HQ, Wang YP, Xian CY. Synthesis and electrochemical properties of a chiral silyl-substituted tetrathiafulvalene derivative. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Reinvestigation of the Pd-catalyzed bis(silylation) of alkynes with 1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1,2-bis(phenylthiomethyl)disilane: Unexpected formation of the eight-membered siloxane–chelate complex cis-[PdCl2{(PhSCH2SiMe2)2O}]. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li H, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Peng J. 6,6-Dimethyl-2H,5H,6H,7H-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-f][1,5,3]dithia-silepin-2-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o1122. [PMID: 22589977 PMCID: PMC3344068 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812011142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the structure of the title compound, C7H10OS4Si, the carbonyl O atom lies in the plane of the five-membered dithiole ring with a deviation of only 0.022 (2) Å. The seven-membered ring adopts a chair conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized by S⋯O [3.096 (4) Å] and S⋯S [3.620 (4) Å] contacts, together with C—H⋯S interactions.
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Däschlein C, Bauer SO, Strohmann C. Mechanistic Insights into the Reaction of Enantiomerically Pure Lithiosilanes and Electrophiles: Understanding the Differences between Aryl and Alkyl Halides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Corey JY. Reactions of hydrosilanes with transition metal complexes and characterization of the products. Chem Rev 2011; 111:863-1071. [PMID: 21250634 DOI: 10.1021/cr900359c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Y Corey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 63121, USA.
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Däschlein C, Strohmann C. The competition between Si-Si and Si-C cleavage in functionalised oligosilanes: their reactivity with elemental lithium. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2062-9. [PMID: 20148226 DOI: 10.1039/b920846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of aryl-substituted disilanes with elemental lithium is a common method for the preparation of lithiosilanes and the subsequent synthesis of functionalised oligosilanes, especially of enantiomerically pure compounds. A series of alkyl- and arylsubstituted di- and trisilanes has been investigated with respect to their reactivity against elemental lithium. Thereby, depending on the substituents, silicon-silicon bond cleavage of the central Si-Si unit and/or silicon-carbon bond cleavage to arenes are observed. Quantum chemical studies provide a deeper insight into the ongoing processes. The reactive centre can be estimated by both, bond elongation after electron transfer and frontier orbital interactions (pi-bonding and sigma-antibonding part). Aromatic substituents at the silicon atoms proved to be necessary for the processing of any cleavage reaction in the studied systems by stabilising the radical anion after electron transfer at the corresponding di- or trisilane. Yet, selective cleavage reactions do not depend on the number of arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Däschlein
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Riobé F, Avarvari N, Grosshans P, Sidorenkova H, Berclaz T, Geoffroy M. Bis(tetrathiafulvalenes) with aromatic bridges: electron delocalization in the oxidized species through EPR and theoretical studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:9650-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c001014f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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