1
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Wee WA, Yum JH, Hirashima S, Sugiyama H, Park S. Synthesis and application of a 19F-labeled fluorescent nucleoside as a dual-mode probe for i-motif DNAs. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:876-882. [PMID: 34458815 PMCID: PMC8382138 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their stable orientations and their minimal interference with native DNA interactions and folding, emissive isomorphic nucleoside analogues are versatile tools for the accurate analysis of DNA structural heterogeneity. Here, we report on a bifunctional trifluoromethylphenylpyrrolocytidine derivative (FPdC) that displays an unprecedented quantum yield and highly sensitive 19F NMR signal. This is the first report of a cytosine-based dual-purpose probe for both fluorescence and 19F NMR spectroscopic DNA analysis. FPdC and FPdC-containing DNA were synthesized and characterized; our robust dual probe was successfully used to investigate the noncanonical DNA structure, i-motifs, through changes in fluorescence intensity and 19F chemical shift in response to i-motif formation. The utility of FPdC was exemplified through reversible fluorescence switching of an FPdC-containing i-motif oligonucleotide in the presence of Ag(i) and cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ann Wee
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ji Hye Yum
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shingo Hirashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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2
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Boeszoermenyi A, Chhabra S, Dubey A, Radeva DL, Burdzhiev NT, Chanev CD, Petrov OI, Gelev VM, Zhang M, Anklin C, Kovacs H, Wagner G, Kuprov I, Takeuchi K, Arthanari H. Aromatic 19F- 13C TROSY: a background-free approach to probe biomolecular structure, function, and dynamics. Nat Methods 2019; 16:333-340. [PMID: 30858598 PMCID: PMC6549241 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atomic-level information about the structure and dynamics of biomolecules is critical for an understanding of their function. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides unique insights into the dynamic nature of biomolecules and their interactions, capturing transient conformers and their features. However, relaxation-induced line broadening and signal overlap make it challenging to apply NMR spectroscopy to large biological systems. Here we took advantage of the high sensitivity and broad chemical shift range of 19F nuclei and leveraged the remarkable relaxation properties of the aromatic 19F-13C spin pair to disperse 19F resonances in a two-dimensional transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy spectrum. We demonstrate the application of 19F-13C transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy to investigate proteins and nucleic acids. This experiment expands the scope of 19F NMR in the study of the structure, dynamics, and function of large and complex biological systems and provides a powerful background-free NMR probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Boeszoermenyi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandeep Chhabra
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abhinav Dubey
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denitsa L Radeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Christo D Chanev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ognyan I Petrov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir M Gelev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Gerhard Wagner
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilya Kuprov
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Koh Takeuchi
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Olszewska A, Pohl R, Hocek M. Trifluoroacetophenone-Linked Nucleotides and DNA for Studying of DNA-Protein Interactions by 19F NMR Spectroscopy. J Org Chem 2018; 82:11431-11439. [PMID: 28991457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of 7-[4-(trifluoroacetyl)phenyl]-7-deazaadenine and -7-deazaguanine as well as 5-substituted uracil and cytosine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides and mono- and triphosphates were synthesized through aqueous Suzuki-Miyaura crosscoupling of halogenated nucleosides or nucleotides with 4-(trifluoroacetyl)phenylboronic acid. The modified nucleoside triphosphates were good substrates for DNA polymerases applicable in primer extension or PCR synthesis of modified oligonucleotides or DNA. Attempted cross-linking with a serine-containing protein did not proceed, however the trifluoroacetophenone group was a sensitive probe for the study of DNA-protein interactions by 19F NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Olszewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo namesti 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo namesti 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo namesti 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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4
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Guo F, Li Q, Zhou C. Synthesis and biological applications of fluoro-modified nucleic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:9552-9565. [PMID: 29086791 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02094e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the unique physical properties of a fluorine atom, incorporating fluoro-modifications into nucleic acids offers striking biophysical and biochemical features, and thus significantly extends the breadth and depth of biological applications of nucleic acids. In this review, fluoro-modified nucleic acids that have been synthesized through either solid phase synthesis or the enzymatic approach are briefly summarised, followed by a section describing their biomedical applications in nucleic acid-based therapeutics, 18F PET imaging and mechanistic studies of DNA modifying enzymes. In the last part, the utility of 19F NMR and MRI for probing the structure, dynamics and molecular interactions of fluorinated nucleic acids is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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5
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Toulmin A, Baltierra-Jasso LE, Morten MJ, Sabir T, McGlynn P, Schröder GF, Smith BO, Magennis SW. Conformational Heterogeneity in a Fully Complementary DNA Three-Way Junction with a GC-Rich Branchpoint. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4985-4991. [PMID: 28820590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA three-way junctions (3WJs) are branched structures that serve as important biological intermediates and as components in DNA nanostructures. We recently derived the global structure of a fully complementary 3WJ and found that it contained unpaired bases at the branchpoint, which is consistent with previous observations of branch flexibility and branchpoint reactivity. By combining high-resolution single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer, molecular modeling, time-resolved ensemble fluorescence spectroscopy, and the first 19F nuclear magnetic resonance observations of fully complementary 3WJs, we now show that the 3WJ structure can adopt multiple distinct conformations depending upon the sequence at the branchpoint. A 3WJ with a GC-rich branchpoint adopts an open conformation with unpaired bases at the branch and at least one additional conformation with an increased number of base interactions at the branchpoint. This structural diversity has implications for branch interactions and processing in vivo and for technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Toulmin
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,The Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester , Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Laura E Baltierra-Jasso
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,The Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester , Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,School of Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Michael J Morten
- School of Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Tara Sabir
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,The Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester , Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Peter McGlynn
- Department of Biology, University of York , Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Gunnar F Schröder
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Physics Department, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brian O Smith
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Steven W Magennis
- School of Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
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6
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Eremeeva E, Abramov M, Margamuljana L, Herdewijn P. Base-Modified Nucleic Acids as a Powerful Tool for Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology. Chemistry 2017; 23:9560-9576. [PMID: 28513881 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The ability of various nucleoside triphosphate analogues of deoxyguanosine and deoxycytidine with 7-deazadeoxyadenosine (A1 ) and 5-chlorodeoxyuridine (T1 ) to serve as substrates for Taq DNA polymerase was evaluated. The triphosphate set composed of A1 , T1 , and 7-deazadeoxyguanosine with either 5-methyldeoxycytidine or 5-fluorodeoxycytidine was successfully employed in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 1.5 kb fragments as well as random oligonucleotide libraries. Another effective combination of triphosphates for the synthesis of a 1 kb PCR product was A1 , T1 , deoxyinosine, and 5-bromodeoxycytidine. In vivo experiments using an antibiotic-resistant gene containing the latter set demonstrated that the bacterial machinery accepts fully modified sequences as genetic templates. Moreover, the ability of the base-modified segments to selectively protect DNA from cleavage by restriction endonucleases was shown. This approach can be used to regulate the endonuclease cleavage pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Eremeeva
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Herestraat 49 box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michail Abramov
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Herestraat 49 box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lia Margamuljana
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Herestraat 49 box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Herestraat 49 box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Université d'évry, CNRS-UMR8030/ Laboratoire iSSB, CEA, DRF, IG, Genoscope, Université Paris-Saclay, évry, 91000, Paris, France
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7
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Kavoosi S, Rayala R, Walsh B, Barrios M, Gonzalez WG, Miksovska J, Mathivathanan L, Raptis RG, Wnuk SF. Synthesis of 8-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-7-deazapurine nucleosides by azide-alkyne click reactions and direct C-H bond functionalization. Tetrahedron Lett 2016; 57:4364-4367. [PMID: 28239199 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of toyocamycin or sangivamycin with 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin in MeOH (r.t./30 min) gave 8-bromotoyocamycin and 8-bromosangivamycin in good yields. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 8-bromotoyocamycin with sodium azide provided novel 8-azidotoyocamycin. Strain promoted click reactions of the latter with cyclooctynes resulted in the formation of the 1,2,3-triazole products. Iodine-mediated direct C8-H bond functionalization of tubercidin with benzotriazoles in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide gave the corresponding 8-benzotriazolyltubercidin derivatives. The 8-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-7-deazapurine derivatives showed moderate quantum yields and a large Stokes shifts of ~ 100 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Kavoosi
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States
| | - Ramanjaneyulu Rayala
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States
| | - Brenna Walsh
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States
| | - Maria Barrios
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States
| | - Walter G Gonzalez
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States
| | - Jaroslava Miksovska
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States
| | - Logesh Mathivathanan
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States
| | - Raphael G Raptis
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States
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8
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Nakamura S, Fujimoto K. Photo-cross-linking using trifluorothymidine and 3-cyanovinylcarbazole induced a large shifted (19)F MR signal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:11765-8. [PMID: 26027537 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02972d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Photo-cross-linking of trifluorothymidine ((TF)T) using 3-cyanovinylcarbazole ((CNV)K) clearly shifted its (19)F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal 8 ppm. This (CNV)K mediated ultrafast photo-cross-linking-induced shift can be utilized for miRNA detection by hybridization chain reaction (HCR) to detect 10 nM of a target in a sequence-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetaka Nakamura
- Materials Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahi-dai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
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9
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Ingale SA, Leonard P, Tran QN, Seela F. Duplex DNA and DNA-RNA hybrids with parallel strand orientation: 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroisocytidine, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroisoguanosine, and canonical nucleosides with 2'-fluoro substituents cause unexpected changes on the double helix stability. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3124-38. [PMID: 25742047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides with parallel or antiparallel strand orientation incorporating 2'-fluorinated 2'-deoxyribonucleosides with canonical nucleobases or 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroisocytidine ((F)iCd, 1c) and 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroisoguanosine ((F)iGd, 3c) were synthesized. To this end, the nucleosides 1c and 3c as well as the phosphoramidite building blocks 19 and 23 were prepared and employed in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Unexpectedly, (F)iCd is not stable during oligonucleotide deprotection (55 °C, aq NH3) and was converted to a cyclonucleoside (14). Side product formation was circumvented when oligonucleotides were deprotected under mild conditions (aq ammonia-EtOH, rt). Oligonucleotides containing 2'-fluoro substituents ((F)iCd, (F)iGd and fluorinated canonical 2'-deoxyribonucleosides) stabilize double-stranded DNA, RNA, and DNA-RNA hybrids with antiparallel strand orientation. Unexpected strong stability changes are observed for oligonucleotide duplexes with parallel chains. While fluorinated oligonucleotides form moderately stable parallel stranded duplexes with complementary DNA, they do not form stable hybrids with RNA. Furthermore, oligoribonucleotide duplexes with parallel strand orientation are extremely unstable. It is anticipated that nucleic acids with parallel chains might be too rigid to accept sugar residues in the N-conformation as observed for ribonucleosides or 2'-deoxy-2'-fluororibonucleosides. These observations might explain why nature has evolved the principle of antiparallel chain orientation and has not used the parallel chain alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin A Ingale
- †Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Leonard
- †Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Quang Nhat Tran
- †Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Seela
- †Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.,‡Laboratorium für Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
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10
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Bowler FR, Diaz-Mochon JJ, Swift MD, Bradley M. DNA analysis by dynamic chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1809-12. [PMID: 20155766 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Bowler
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Bowler F, Diaz-Mochon J, Swift M, Bradley M. DNA Analysis by Dynamic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Puffer B, Kreutz C, Rieder U, Ebert MO, Konrat R, Micura R. 5-Fluoro pyrimidines: labels to probe DNA and RNA secondary structures by 1D 19F NMR spectroscopy. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 37:7728-40. [PMID: 19843610 PMCID: PMC2794194 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
19F NMR spectroscopy has proved to be a valuable tool to monitor functionally important conformational transitions of nucleic acids. Here, we present a systematic investigation on the application of 5-fluoro pyrimidines to probe DNA and RNA secondary structures. Oligonucleotides with the propensity to adapt secondary structure equilibria were chosen as model systems and analyzed by 1D 19F and 1H NMR spectroscopy. A comparison with the unmodified analogs revealed that the equilibrium characteristics of the bistable DNA and RNA oligonucleotides were hardly affected upon fluorine substitution at C5 of pyrimidines. This observation was in accordance with UV spectroscopic melting experiments which demonstrated that single 5-fluoro substitutions in double helices lead to comparable thermodynamic stabilities. Thus, 5-fluoro pyrimidine labeling of DNA and RNA can be reliably applied for NMR based nucleic acid secondary structure evaluation. Furthermore, we developed a facile synthetic route towards 5-fluoro cytidine phosphoramidites that enables their convenient site-specific incorporation into oligonucleotides by solid-phase synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Puffer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland and Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Chiba J, Inouye M. Exotic DNAs Made of Nonnatural Bases and Natural Phosphodiester Bonds. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:259-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Seela F, Jiang D, Xu K. 8-Aza-2′-deoxyguanosine: Base pairing, mismatch discrimination and nucleobase anion fluorescence sensing in single-stranded and duplex DNA. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3463-73. [DOI: 10.1039/b908017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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