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Formulation of Boron Encapsulated Smart Nanocapsules for Targeted Drug Delivery to the Brain. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery through the Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB) represents a significant challenge. Despite the current strategies to circumvent the BBB, nanotechnology offers unprecedented opportunities for combining selective delivery, improved bioavailability, drug protection, and enhanced pharmacokinetics profiles. Chitosan nanocarriers allow for a more efficacious strategy at the cellular and sub-cellular levels. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a targeted chemo-radiotherapeutic technique that allows the selective depletion of cancer cells by means of selective tagging of cancer cells with 10B, followed by irradiation with low-energy neutrons. Consequently, the combination of a polymer-based nanodelivery system enclosing an effective BNCT pharmacophore can potentially lead to the selective delivery of the load to cancer cells beyond the BBB. In this work, synthesized novel boronated agents based on carborane-functionalized Delocalized Lipophilic Cations (DLCs) are assessed for safety and selective targeting of tumour cells. The compounds are then encapsulated in nanocarriers constituted by chitosan to promote permeability through the BBB. Additionally, chitosan was used in combination with polypyrrole to form a smart composite nanocapsule, which is expected to release its drug load with variations in pH. Results indicate the achievement of more selective boron delivery to cells via carboranyl DLCs. Finally, preliminary cell studies indicate no toxicity was detected in chitosan nanocapsules, further enhancing its viability as a potential delivery vehicle in the BNCT of brain tumours.
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Rokitskaya TI, Khailova LS, Makarenkov AV, Shunaev AV, Tatarskiy VV, Shtil AA, Ol'shevskaya VA, Antonenko YN. Carborane derivatives of 1,2,3-triazole depolarize mitochondria by transferring protons through the lipid part of membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1861:573-583. [PMID: 30562498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Boron containing polyhedra (carboranes) are three-dimensional delocalized aromatic systems. These structures have been shown to transport protons through lipid membranes and mitochondria. Conjugation of carboranes to various organic moieties is aimed at obtaining biologically active compounds with novel properties. Taking advantage of 1,2,3-triazoles as the scaffolds valuable in medicinal chemistry, we synthesized 1-(o-carboranylmethyl)-4-pentyl-1,2,3-triazole (c-triazole) and 1-(o-carboranylmethyl)-4-pentyl-1,2,3-triazolium iodide (c-triazolium). Both compounds interacted with model lipid membranes and exhibited a proton carrying activity in planar bilayers and liposomes in a concentration- and pH-dependent manner. Importantly, mechanisms of the protonophoric activity differed; namely, protonation-deprotonation reactions of the triazole and the o-carborane moieties were involved in the transport cycles of c-triazole and c-triazolium, respectively. At micromolar concentrations, c-triazole and c-triazolium stimulated respiration of isolated rat liver mitochondria and depolarized their membrane potential, with c-triazole being more potent. In living K562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia) cells, both c-triazolium and c-triazole altered the mitochondrial membrane potential as determined by a decreased intracellular accumulation of the potential-dependent dye tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester. Finally, cell viability testing demonstrated a cytotoxic potency of c-triazolium and, to a lesser extent, of c-triazole against K562 cells, whereas non-malignant fibroblasts were much less sensitive. In all tests, the reference boron-free benzyl-4-pentyl-1,2,3-triazole showed little-to-no effects. These results demonstrated that carboranyltriazoles carry protons across biological membranes, a property potentially important in anticancer drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana I Rokitskaya
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Ljudmila S Khailova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anton V Makarenkov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexei V Shunaev
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor V Tatarskiy
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation; National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Shtil
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina A Ol'shevskaya
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri N Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Ioppolo JA, Giboureau N, Bhadbhade M, Morrison DE, Kassiou M, Rendina LM. Efficient radiosynthesis of a [18F]-phosphonium salt containing closo-carborane. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Calabrese G, Daou A, Barbu E, Tsibouklis J. Towards carborane-functionalised structures for the treatment of brain cancer. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:63-75. [PMID: 28886331 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising targeted chemoradiotherapeutic technique for the management of invasive brain tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A prerequisite for effective BNCT is the selective targeting of tumour cells with 10B-rich therapeutic moieties. To this end, polyhedral boranes, especially carboranes, have received considerable attention because they combine a high boron content with relative low toxicity and metabolic inertness. Here, we review progress in the molecular design of recently investigated carborane derivatives in light of the widely accepted performance requirements for effective BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Calabrese
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Anis Daou
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Eugen Barbu
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - John Tsibouklis
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
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Gianpiero C, Anis D, Aikaterini R, Eirini T, Ioannis VS, Dimitrios FG, John T. Boron-containing delocalised lipophilic cations for the selective targeting of cancer cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:67-72. [PMID: 30108691 PMCID: PMC6072302 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00383d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To limit the incidence of relapse, cancer treatments must not promote the emergence of drug resistance in tumour and cancer stem cells. Under the proviso that a therapeutic amount of boron is selectively delivered to cancer cells, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) may represent one approach that meets this requirement. To this end, we report the synthesis and pharmacology of several chemical entities, based on boron-rich carborane moieties that are functionalised with Delocalized Lipophilic Cations (DLCs), which selectively target the mitochondria of tumour cells. The treatment of tumour and cancer stem cells (CSCs) with such DLC-functionalized carboranes (DLC-carboranes) induces cell growth arrest that is both highly cancer-cell-selective and permanent. Experiments involving cultures of normal and cancer cells show that only normal cells exhibit recapitulation of their proliferation potential upon removal of the DLC-carborane treatment. At the molecular level, the pharmacological effect of DLC-carboranes is exerted through activation of the p53/p21 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calabrese Gianpiero
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry , Kingston University London , Penrhyn Road , Kingston-upon-Thames , Surrey KT1 2EE , UK .
| | - Daou Anis
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry , Kingston University London , Penrhyn Road , Kingston-upon-Thames , Surrey KT1 2EE , UK .
| | - Rova Aikaterini
- Department of Pharmacology , School of Pharmacy , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , GR-54124 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Tseligka Eirini
- Department of Pharmacology , School of Pharmacy , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , GR-54124 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Vizirianakis S Ioannis
- Department of Pharmacology , School of Pharmacy , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , GR-54124 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Fatouros G Dimitrios
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , School of Pharmacy , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , GR-54124 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Tsibouklis John
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , PO1 2DT , UK
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Tseligka ED, Rova A, Amanatiadou EP, Calabrese G, Tsibouklis J, Fatouros DG, Vizirianakis IS. Pharmacological Development of Target-Specific Delocalized Lipophilic Cation-Functionalized Carboranes for Cancer Therapy. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1945-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Gona KB, Thota JLVNP, Baz Z, Gómez-Vallejo V, Llop J. Straightforward synthesis of radioiodinated Cc-substituted o-carboranes: towards a versatile platform to enable the in vivo assessment of BNCT drug candidates. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:9915-20. [PMID: 25939694 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their high boron content and rich chemistry, dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes (carboranes) are promising building blocks for the development of drug candidates with application in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. However, the non-invasive determination of their pharmacokinetic properties to predict therapeutic efficacy is still a challenge. Herein, we have reported the unprecedented preparation of mono-[(125)I] iodinated decaborane via a catalyst-assisted isotopic exchange. Subsequent reactions of the radiolabelled species with acetylenes in acetonitrile under microwave heating yield the corresponding (125)I-labelled, Cc-substituted o-carboranes with good overall radiochemical yields in short reaction times. The same synthetic strategy was successfully applied to the preparation of (131)I-labelled analogues, and further extension to other radioisotopes of iodine such as (124)I (positron emitter) or (123)I (gamma emitter) can be envisaged. Hence, the general strategy reported here is suitable for the preparation of a wide range of radiolabelled Cc-substituted o-carborane derivatives. The labelled compounds might be subsequently investigated in vivo by using nuclear imaging techniques such as Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography or Positron Emission Tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Gona
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, San Sebastián, 20009 Guipuzcoa, Spain.
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El-Zaria ME, Genady AR, Janzen N, Petlura CI, Beckford Vera DR, Valliant JF. Preparation and evaluation of carborane-derived inhibitors of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4950-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carborane-derived inhibitors of prostate specific membrane antigen are reported. Compounds were prepared from C-hydroxy-carboranes and screened in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E. El-Zaria
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
| | - Afaf R. Genady
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton, Canada
| | | | | | - John F. Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton, Canada
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Theodoropoulos D, Rova A, Smith JR, Barbu E, Calabrese G, Vizirianakis IS, Tsibouklis J, Fatouros DG. Towards boron neutron capture therapy: The formulation and preliminary in vitro evaluation of liposomal vehicles for the therapeutic delivery of the dequalinium salt of bis-nido-carborane. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6161-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lai CH, Lin YC, Chou FI, Liang CF, Lin EW, Chuang YJ, Lin CC. Design of multivalent galactosyl carborane as a targeting specific agent for potential application to boron neutron capture therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:612-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14447b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Morrison DE, Issa F, Bhadbhade M, Groebler L, Witting PK, Kassiou M, Rutledge PJ, Rendina LM. Boronated phosphonium salts containing arylboronic acid, closo-carborane, or nido-carborane: synthesis, X-ray diffraction, in vitro cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake. J Biol Inorg Chem 2010; 15:1305-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-010-0690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yannopoulos SN, Zouganelis GD, Nurmohamed S, Smith JR, Bouropoulos N, Calabrese G, Fatouros DG, Tsibouklis J. Physisorbed o-carborane onto lyso-phosphatidylcholine-functionalized, single-walled carbon nanotubes: a potential carrier system for the therapeutic delivery of boron. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:85101. [PMID: 20097975 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/8/085101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A combination of data from ICP-MS, Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis spectrometry, atomic force microscopy, zeta-potential measurements and gel electorphoresis studies has shown that o-carborane may be immobilized on stable aqueous dispersions of lyso-phosphatidylcholine-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes, which in turn indicates the potential of such structures for deployment as carrier vehicles in boron neutron capture therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Yannopoulos
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas-Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes-FORTH/ICE-HT, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
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Ioppolo JA, Kassiou M, Rendina LM. Water-soluble phosphonium salts containing 1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12). Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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