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Abstract
With the use of solid parahydrogen in matrix isolation spectroscopy becoming more commonplace over the past few decades, it is increasingly important to understand the behavior of molecules isolated in this solid. The mobility of molecules in solid parahydrogen can play an important role in the dynamics of the system. Water molecules embedded in solid parahydrogen as deposited were found to be mobile at 4.0 K on the time scale of a few days. The diffusion at this temperature must be due to quantum tunneling in solid parahydrogen. The diffusion dynamics were analyzed based on the theory of nucleation. The concentration dependence on the diffusion rate indicates that there might be correlated motion of water molecules, a signature of quantum diffusion. We find that both water monomers and water dimers migrate in solid parahydrogen and provide insight into the behavior of molecules embedded in this quantum crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Moore
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Pavle Djuricanin
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Takamasa Momose
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
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Pinelo LF, Klotz ER, Wonderly WR, Paulson LO, Kettwich SC, Kubelka J, Anderson DT. Solid Parahydrogen Infrared Matrix Isolation and Computational Studies of Li n-(C 2H 4) m Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:985-991. [PMID: 29301076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of lithium atoms with ethylene have been identified as potential hydrogen storage materials. As a Li atom approaches an ethylene molecule, two distinct low-lying electronic states are established; one is the 2A1 electronic state (for C2v geometries) that is repulsive but supports a shallow van der Waals well and correlates with the Li 2s atomic state, and the second is a 2B2 electronic state that correlates with the Li 2p atomic orbital and is a strongly bound charge-transfer state. Only the 2B2 charge-transfer state would be advantageous for hydrogen storage because the strong electric dipole created in the Li-(C2H4) complex due to charge transfer can bind molecular hydrogen through dipole-induced dipole and dipole-quadrupole electrostatic interactions. Ab initio studies have produced conflicting results for which electronic state is the true ground state for the Li-(C2H4) complex. The most accurate ab initio calculations indicate that the 2A1 van der Waals state is slightly more stable. In contrast, argon matrix isolation experiments have clearly identified the Li-(C2H4) complex exists in the 2B2 state. Some have suggested that argon matrix effects shift the equilibrium toward the 2B2 state. We report the low-temperature synthesis and IR characterization of Lin-(C2H4)m (n = 1, m = 1 and 2) complexes in solid parahydrogen which are observed using the C═C stretching vibration of ethylene in the complex. These results show that under cryogenic hydrogen storage conditions the Li-(C2H4) complex is more stable in the 2B2 electronic state and thus constitutes a potential hydrogen storage material with desirable characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Pinelo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming , Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3838, United States
| | - Elsbeth R Klotz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming , Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3838, United States
| | - William R Wonderly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming , Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3838, United States
| | - Leif O Paulson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming , Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3838, United States
| | - Sharon C Kettwich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming , Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3838, United States
| | - Jan Kubelka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming , Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3838, United States
| | - David T Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming , Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3838, United States
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Moradi CP, Douberly GE. Infrared Laser Spectroscopy of the L-Shaped Cl–HCl Complex Formed in Superfluid 4He Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12028-35. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Moradi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Gary E. Douberly
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
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Ooe H, Miyamoto Y, Kuma S, Sasao N, Kawaguchi K. Infrared absorption spectra of SiF4 and its clusters in solid parahydrogen. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Manz J, Sato K, Takayanagi T, Yoshida T. From photoelectron detachment spectra of BrHBr−, BrDBr− and IHI−, IDI− to vibrational bonding of BrMuBr and IMuI. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:164308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4918980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
A long-sought but elusive new type of chemical bond, occurring on a minimum-free, purely repulsive potential energy surface, has recently been convincingly shown to be possible on the basis of high-level quantum-chemical calculations. This type of bond, termed a vibrational bond, forms because the total energy, including the dynamical energy of the nuclei, is lower than the total energy of the dissociated products, including their vibrational zero-point energy. For this to be the case, the ZPE of the product molecule must be very high, which is ensured by replacing a conventional hydrogen atom with its light isotope muonium (Mu, mass = 1/9 u) in the system Br-H-Br, a natural transition state in the reaction between Br and HBr. A paramagnetic species observed in the reaction Mu +Br2 has been proposed as a first experimental sighting of this species, but definitive identification remains challenging.
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Mutunga FM, Anderson DT. Infrared Spectroscopy and 193 nm Photochemistry of Methylamine Isolated in Solid Parahydrogen. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:2420-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508476j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick M. Mutunga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - David T. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
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Fleming DG, Manz J, Sato K, Takayanagi T. Über eine fundamentale Änderung der Art der chemischen Bindung durch Isotopensubstitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fleming DG, Manz J, Sato K, Takayanagi T. Fundamental Change in the Nature of Chemical Bonding by Isotopic Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13706-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Raston PL, Kettwich SC, Anderson DT. High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of atomic bromine in solid parahydrogen and orthodeuterium. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:134304. [PMID: 24116565 DOI: 10.1063/1.4820528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work extends our earlier investigation of the near-infrared absorption spectroscopy of atomic bromine (Br) trapped in solid parahydrogen (pH2) and orthodeuterium (oD2) [S. C. Kettwich, L. O. Paulson, P. L. Raston, and D. T. Anderson, J. Phys. Chem. A 112, 11153 (2008)]. We report new spectroscopic observations on a series of double transitions involving excitation of the weak Br-atom spin-orbit (SO) transition ((2)P(1/2) ← (2)P(3/2)) in concert with phonon, rotational, vibrational, and rovibrational excitation of the solid molecular hydrogen host. Further, we utilize the rapid vapor deposition technique to produce pH2 crystals with a non-equilibrium mixture of face centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal closed packed (hcp) crystal domains in the freshly deposited solid. Gentle annealing (T = 4.3 K) of the pH2 sample irreversibly converts the higher energy fcc crystal domains to the slightly more stable hcp structure. We follow the extent of this conversion process using the intensity of the U1(0) transition of solid pH2 and correlate crystal structure changes with changes in the integrated intensity of Br-atom absorption features. Annealing the pH2 solid causes the integrated intensity of the zero-phonon Br SO transition to increase approximately 45% to a value that is 8 times larger than the gas phase value. We show that the magnitude of the increase is strongly correlated to the fraction of hcp crystal domains within the solid. Theoretical calculations presented in Paper II show that these intensity differences are caused by the different symmetries of single substitution sites for these two crystal structures. For fully annealed Br-atom doped pH2 solids, where the crystal structure is nearly pure hcp, the Br-atom SO transition sharpens considerably and shows evidence for resolved hyperfine structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Raston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
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Ooe H, Miyamoto Y, Kuma S, Kawaguchi K, Nakajima K, Nakano I, Sasao N, Tang J, Taniguchi T, Yoshimura M. Diffusion of hydrogen fluoride in solid parahydrogen. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:214309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4808035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Ruzi M, Anderson DT. Photodissociation of N-methylformamide isolated in solid parahydrogen. J Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4765372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Miyamoto Y, Ooe H, Kuma S, Kawaguchi K, Nakajima K, Nakano I, Sasao N, Tang J, Taniguchi T, Yoshimura M. Spectroscopy of HF and HF-Containing Clusters in Solid Parahydrogen. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:14254-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jp207419m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 3-1-1 Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ooe
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 3-1-1 Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Susumu Kuma
- Research Core for Extreme Quantum World, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 3-1-1 Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kentarou Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 3-1-1 Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kyo Nakajima
- Research Core for Extreme Quantum World, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 3-1-1 Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Itsuo Nakano
- Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 3-1-1 Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasao
- Research Core for Extreme Quantum World, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 3-1-1 Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jian Tang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 3-1-1 Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Core for Extreme Quantum World, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 3-1-1 Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Motohiko Yoshimura
- Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 3-1-1 Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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George L, Kalume A, Esselman B, McMahon RJ, Reid SA. Pulsed Jet Discharge Matrix Isolation and Computational Study of Bromine Atom Complexes: Br···BrXCH2 (X = H, Cl, Br). J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:9820-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205561h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa George
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Aimable Kalume
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Brian Esselman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Robert J. McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Scott A. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
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Kettwich SC, Raston PL, Anderson DT. The Cl + H2 → HCl + H Reaction Induced by IR + UV Irradiation of Cl2 in Solid para-H2: Experiment. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7621-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp811206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon C. Kettwich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul L. Raston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - David T. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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Paulson LO, Anderson DT. High-Resolution Vibrational Spectroscopy of trans-Formic Acid in Solid Parahydrogen. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:1770-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leif O. Paulson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071
| | - David T. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071
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Toboła R, Chałasiński G, Kłos J, Szczęśniak MM. Ab initio study of the Br([sup 2]P)–HBr van der Waals complex. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:184304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3123168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kettwich SC, Paulson LO, Raston PL, Anderson DT. Photodissociation of Molecular Bromine in Solid H2 and D2: Spectroscopy of the Atomic Bromine Spin−Orbit Transition. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11153-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8029314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leif O. Paulson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Paul L. Raston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - David T. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
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