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McDougall RM, Cahill HF, Power ME, MacCormack TJ, Meli MV, Rourke JL. Multiparametric cytotoxicity assessment: the effect of gold nanoparticle ligand functionalization on SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma cell death. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:355-374. [PMID: 35787735 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2095312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are promising anti-cancer agents because of their modifiable properties and high biocompatibility. This study used multiple parallel analyses to investigate the cytotoxic properties of 5 nm AuNP conjugated to four different ligands with distinct surface chemistry: polyethylene glycol (PEG), trimethylammonium bromide (TMAB), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and carboxyl (COOH). We used a range of biochemical and high-content microscopy methods to evaluate the metabolic function, oxidative stress, cell health, cell viability, and cell morphology in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Each AuNP displayed a distinct cytotoxicity profile. All AuNP species assessed exhibited signs of dose-dependent cytotoxicity when morphology, clonogenic survival, lysosomal uptake, or cell number were measured as the marker of toxicity. All particles except for AuNP-COOH increased SKOV3 apoptosis. In contrast, AuNP-TMAB was the only particle that did not alter the metabolic function or induce significant signs of oxidative stress. These results demonstrate that AuNP surface chemistry impacts the magnitude and mechanism of SKOV3 cell death. Together, these findings reinforce the important role for multiparametric cytotoxicity characterization when considering the utility of novel particles and surface chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M McDougall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada
| | - Hannah F Cahill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada
| | - Madeline E Power
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada
| | - Tyson J MacCormack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada
| | - M-Vicki Meli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada
| | - Jillian L Rourke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada
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2
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Zhang M, Lindner-D’Addario M, Roohnikan M, Toader V, Lennox RB, Reven L. Polymer Functionalized Nanoparticles in Blue Phase LC: Effect of Particle Shape. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010091. [PMID: 35010041 PMCID: PMC8746361 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene oxide oligomers and polymers, free and tethered to gold nanoparticles, were dispersed in blue phase liquid crystals (BPLC). Gold nanospheres (AuNPs) and nanorods (AuNRs) were functionalized with thiolated ethylene oxide ligands with molecular weights ranging from 200 to 5000 g/mol. The BPLC mixture (ΔTBP ~6 °C) was based on the mesogenic acid heterodimers, n-hexylbenzoic acid (6BA) and n-trans-butylcyclohexylcarboxylic acid (4-BCHA) with the chiral dopant (R)-2-octyl 4-[4-(hexyloxy)benzoyloxy]benzoate. The lowest molecular weight oligomer lowered and widened the BP range but adding AuNPs functionalized with the same ligand had little effect. Higher concentrations or molecular weights of the ligands, free or tethered to the AuNPs, completely destabilized the BP. Mini-AuNRs functionalized with the same ligands lowered and widened the BP temperature range with longer mini-AuNRs having a larger effect. In contrast to the AuNPs, the mini-AuNRs with the higher molecular weight ligands widened rather than destabilized the BP, though the lowest MW ligand yielded the largest BP range, (ΔTBP > 13 °C). The different effects on the BP may be due to the AuNPs accumulating at singular defect sites whereas the mini-AuNRs, with diameters smaller than that of the disclination lines, can more efficiently fill in the BP defects.
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3
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Chow E, Raguse B, Della Gaspera E, Barrow SJ, Hong J, Hubble LJ, Chai R, Cooper JS, Sosa Pintos A. Flow-controlled synthesis of gold nanoparticles in a biphasic system with inline liquid–liquid separation. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00403c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
4-Dimethylaminopyridine-stabilised gold nanoparticles are synthesised in a biphasic flow reactor system using organic/aqueous membrane separators and gas-permeable tubing.
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4
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De Francesco A, Scaccia L, Lennox RB, Guarini E, Bafile U, Falus P, Maccarini M. Model-free description of polymer-coated gold nanoparticle dynamics in aqueous solutions obtained by Bayesian analysis of neutron spin echo data. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:052504. [PMID: 31212567 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.052504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a neutron spin echo study of the nanosecond dynamics of polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized nanosized gold particles dissolved in D_{2}O at two temperatures and two different PEG molecular weights (400D and 2000D). The analysis of the neutron spin echo data was performed by applying a Bayesian approach to the description of time correlation function decays in terms of exponential terms, recently proved to be theoretically rigorous. This approach, which addresses in a direct way the fundamental issue of model choice in any dynamical analysis, provides here a guide to the most statistically supported way to follow the decay of the intermediate scattering functions I(Q,t) by basing on statistical grounds the choice of the number of terms required for the description of the nanosecond dynamics of the studied systems. Then, the presented analysis avoids from the start resorting to a preselected framework and can be considered as model free. By comparing the results of PEG-coated nanoparticles with those obtained in PEG2000 solutions, we were able to disentangle the translational diffusion of the nanoparticles from the internal dynamics of the polymer grafted to them, and to show that the polymer corona relaxation follows a pure exponential decay in agreement with the behavior predicted by coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical models. This methodology has one further advantage: in the presence of a complex dynamical scenario, I(Q,t) is often described in terms of the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function that can implicitly represent a distribution of relaxation times. By choosing to describe the I(Q,t) as a sum of exponential functions and with the support of the Bayesian approach, we can explicitly determine when a finer-structure analysis of the dynamical complexity of the system exists according to the available data without the risk of overparametrization. The approach presented here is an effective tool that can be used in general to provide an unbiased interpretation of neutron spin echo data or whenever spectroscopy techniques yield time relaxation data curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio De Francesco
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali c/o OGG Grenoble, France
| | - Luisa Scaccia
- Dipartimento di Economia e Diritto, Università di Macerata, Via Crescimbeni 20, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - R Bruce Lennox
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eleonora Guarini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Bafile
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara", via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Marco Maccarini
- Université Grenoble Alpes-Laboratoire TIMC/IMAG UMR CNRS 5525 Grenoble, France
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Kim D, Shin K, Kwon SG, Hyeon T. Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Multifunctional Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802309. [PMID: 30133009 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The accumulated knowledge of nanoparticle (NP) synthesis for the last 30 years has enabled the development of functional NPs for biomedical applications. Especially, NPs with multifunctional capabilities are gaining popularity as the demand for versatile and efficient NP agents increases. Various combinations of functional materials are integrated to form multicomponent NPs with designed size, structure, and multifunctionality. Their use as diagnostic and/or therapeutic tools is demonstrated, suggesting their application potentials in healthcare and medical practice. Here, the recent achievements in the synthesis and biomedical applications of multifunctional NPs are summarized. Starting with a brief overview regarding the advances in NP synthesis and accompanying progress in nanobiotechnology, various components to construct the multifunctional NP agents, which include polymers and mesoporous, magnetic, catalytic, and semiconducting NPs, are discussed together with their overall integration forms, such as NP assembly, hollow/porous structures, or hybrid/doped systems. Following the explanation of the features that multifunctional NP agents can offer, an outlook and a brief comment regarding the future research directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyoon Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Shin
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Gu Kwon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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6
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Allie S, Hegoburu I, Shin MJ, Jung JY, Toader V, Rey A, Soule ER, Reven L. Polymer functionalized nanoparticles in liquid crystals: combining PDLCs with LC nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:8580-8589. [PMID: 30318545 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01192c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal (LC)-polymer blends are important stimuli responsive materials already employed in a wide range of applications whereas nanoparticle (NP)-LC blends are an emerging class of nanocomposites. Polymer ligands offer the advantages of synthetic simplicity along with chemical and molecular weight tunability. Here we compare the phase behavior of 5CB blended with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and with gold NPs functionalized with thiolated PEO (AuNP-PEO) as a function of PEO concentration by DSC, POM and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Both PEO and the AuNP-PEO form uniform dispersions in isotropic 5CB and phase separate below the I-N phase transition temperature. Above the PEO crystallization temperature, the PEO/5CB blends show the expected biphasic state of PEO rich-isotropic liquid co-existing with PEO-poor nematic droplets. At PEO concentrations above 10 wt%, nematic 5CB nucleates with PEO crystallization. Both PEO and AuNP-PEO induce homeotropic alignment of the 5CB matrix immediately below TNI. The AuNP-PEO/5CB blends form thermally reversible cellular networks similar to AuNPs functionalized with low molecular weight mesogenic ligands. A thermodynamic model to account for the observed phase behavior is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya Allie
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
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Baruah B, Miller TA. Polyoxovanadate fabricated gold nanoparticles: Application in SERS. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 487:209-216. [PMID: 27771547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article reports a surface modification of gold nanoparticles with water soluble polyoxometalate, V10O286- (decavanadate, V10). Two sizes of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles AuNP-Citrate-S (∼11nm) and AuNP-Citrate-L (∼46nm) were modified with V10 in aqueous media to form AuNP-V10-S and AuNP-V10-L, respectively. Both AuNP-V10-S and AuNP-V10-L were found to be significantly better than their citrate counterparts in strengthening Raman vibrational signals of analyte molecule. All the nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) line analysis. We demonstrate that AuNP-V10-L is excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for a Raman-active analyte molecule at nanomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Baruah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144-5591, United States.
| | - Toni-Ann Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144-5591, United States
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Lee MJ, Lim SH, Ha JM, Choi SM. Green Synthesis of High-Purity Mesoporous Gold Sponges Using Self-Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles Induced by Thiolated Poly(ethylene glycol). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5937-5945. [PMID: 27221347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A facile and green synthesis method for mesoporous gold sponges has been developed, which involves a simple mixing of a very small amount of thiolated-poly(ethylene glycol) (SH-PEG) and citrate-covered gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in aqueous solution at room temperature. While SH-PEG molecules have been widely used as biocompatible hydrophilic capping agents for Au NPs for stable dispersion in aqueous solution, here they are used as destabilizing agents. When SH-PEG molecules are mixed with citrate-covered Au NPs at the molar ratio ranging from 3 to 20 (SH-PEG/Au NP), mesoporous gold sponges with randomly interconnected 3D network structures are formed within 2 to 3 h. This is driven by the destabilization of negatively charged citrate molecules on Au NPs by a small number of SH-PEG molecules bonded on the particle surface, which results in the decrease in zeta potential and thus the assembly of Au NPs into porous sponges. The use of very low concentration of SH-PEG (ca. 20-200 nM) in aqueous solution at room temperature makes the method highly eco-friendly as well as results in high-purity as-synthesized gold sponges (98.7 wt %). The mesoporous gold sponges fabricated with the present method exhibit a high SERS activity, making them highly applicable for sensitive SERS detection of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jae Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Lim
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Ha
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Choi
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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9
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10
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Leonardi A, Puig J, Antonacci J, Arenas G, Zucchi I, Hoppe C, Reven L, Zhu L, Toader V, Williams R. Remote activation by green-light irradiation of shape memory epoxies containing gold nanoparticles. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Jadhav SA, Maccagno M. Identification of thiol from 11-(9-carbazolyl)-1-undecyl disulfide by NMR spectroscopy and single step coating of gold nanoparticles. J Sulphur Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2014.943224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushilkumar A. Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry and Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Centre, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Maccagno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy
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12
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Perepichka II, Mezour MA, Perepichka DF, Lennox RB. High thermal stability of block copolymer-capped Au and Cu nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11919-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04937c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyridine-containing block copolymers (PS-P4VP) can effectively stabilize metal nanoparticles which survive prolonged heating in solutions at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna I. Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures
- McGill University
- Montreal (QC) H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Mohamed A. Mezour
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures
- McGill University
- Montreal (QC) H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Dmitrii F. Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures
- McGill University
- Montreal (QC) H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - R. Bruce Lennox
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures
- McGill University
- Montreal (QC) H3A 2K6, Canada
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13
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Wallyn S, Zhang Z, Driessen F, Pietrasik J, De Geest BG, Hoogenboom R, Du Prez FE. Straightforward RAFT procedure for the synthesis of heterotelechelic poly(acrylamide)s. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 35:405-11. [PMID: 24318045 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Heterotelechelic, hydrophilic polymers with a primary amine and thiol group at the α- and ω-chain end, respectively, are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in a straightforward and versatile way and subsequently used for the design of dual-responsive polymer/gold nanohybrids. Therefore, a phthalimido-containing chain transfer agent (CTA) is synthesized and used for the polymerization of the hydrophilic monomers N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA). After polymerization, the trithiocarbonate functionality at the ω-chain end, originating from the CTA, is converted into a thiol upon aminolysis. In the next step, the phthalimido α-chain end is hydrolyzed into a primary amine, resulting in heterotelechelic, hydrophilic polymers. End-group conversions are monitored by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF MS analysis, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, confirming that quantitative modifications are obtained during each stage. The amino groups of these heterotelechelic polymer chains are modified with citraconic anhydride, after which the obtained polymers are grafted with the thiol group onto citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles resulting in the creation of dual-temperature- and pH-responsive gold particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Wallyn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Gao B, Rozin MJ, Tao AR. Plasmonic nanocomposites: polymer-guided strategies for assembling metal nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:5677-5691. [PMID: 23703218 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01091k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanoparticles that support localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) have the unique ability to manipulate and confine light at subwavelength dimensions. Utilizing these capabilities in devices and coatings requires the controlled organization of metal nanoparticles into ordered or hierarchical structures. Polymer grafts can be used as assembly-regulating molecules that bind to the nanoparticle surface and guide nanoparticle organization in solution, at interfaces, and within condensed phases. Here, we present an overview of polymer-directed assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles. We discuss how polymer grafts can be used to control short-range nanoparticle interactions that dictate interparticle gap distance and orientation. We also discuss how condensed polymer grafts can be used to control long-range order within condensed nanoparticle-polymer blends. The assembly of shaped plasmonic nanoparticles that have potential applications in enhanced spectroscopy and optical metamaterials is highlighted. We end with a summary of promising new directions toward the fabrication of plasmonic nanocomposites that are responsive and possess three-dimensional order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- NanoEngineering Department, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr #0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448, USA
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15
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16
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Briñas RP, Maetani M, Barchi JJ. A survey of place-exchange reaction for the preparation of water-soluble gold nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 392:415-421. [PMID: 23149107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained considerable attention because they offer a myriad of potential applications, especially in the fields of biology and medicine. One method to prepare such gold nanoparticles is through the well-known Murray place-exchange reaction. In this method, precursor gold nanoparticles, bearing labile ligands and with very good size distribution, are synthesized first, and then reacted with a large excess of the desired ligand. We report a comparison of the reactivity of several known precursor gold nanoparticles (citrate-stabilized, pentanethiol-stabilized, tetraoctylammonium bromide-stabilized, and 4-dimethylaminopyridine-stabilized) to several biologically relevant ligands, including amino acids, peptides, and carbohydrates. We found that citrate-stabilized and 4-dimethylaminopyridine-stabilized gold nanoparticles have broader reactivities than the other precursors studied. Citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles are more versatile precursors because they can be prepared in a wide range of sizes and are very stable. The hydrophobic pentane-stabilized gold nanoparticles made them "inert" toward highly water-soluble ligands. Tetraoctylammonium bromide-stabilized gold nanoparticles exhibited selective reactivity, especially for small, unhindered and amphiphilic ligands. Depending on the desired ligand and size of AuNPs, a judicious selection of the available precursors can be made for use in place-exchange reactions. In preparing water-soluble AuNPs with biologically relevant ligands, the nature of the incoming ligand and the size of the AuNP should be taken into account in order to choose the most suitable place-exchange procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond P Briñas
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Micah Maetani
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Joseph J Barchi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States.
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17
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Arseneault M, Levesque I, Morin JF. Efficient and Rapid Divergent Synthesis of Ethylene Oxide-Containing Dendrimers through Catalyst-Free Click Chemistry. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300648r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Arseneault
- Département de chimie
and Centre de Recherche
sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1V
0A6
| | - Isabelle Levesque
- Département de chimie
and Centre de Recherche
sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1V
0A6
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Département de chimie
and Centre de Recherche
sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1V
0A6
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18
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Li W, Liu S, Deng R, Zhu J. Encapsulation of Nanoparticles in Block Copolymer Micellar Aggregates by Directed Supramolecular Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5865-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201008224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Li W, Liu S, Deng R, Zhu J. Encapsulation of Nanoparticles in Block Copolymer Micellar Aggregates by Directed Supramolecular Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201008224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Milette J, Toader V, Reven L, Lennox RB. Tuning the miscibility of gold nanoparticles dispersed in liquid crystals via the thiol-for-DMAP reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10553a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Smith AE, Xu X, Savin DA, McCormick CL. Reversible gold “locked” synthetic vesicles derived from stimuli-responsive diblock copolymers. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Kinkead B, Hegmann T. Effects of size, capping agent, and concentration of CdSe and CdTequantum dots doped into a nematic liquid crystal on the optical and electro-optic properties of the final colloidal liquid crystal mixture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b911641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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