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Zhao J, Dong B, Zhao Y, Yang J, Pei P, Ji X, Quan Y. High-throughput and high-sensitivity capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry method for sulfur-containing amino acids. J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-021-00295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBiological thiol amino acids have been suggested as biomarkers for pathological changes because they are reactive chemicals that participate in various physiological processes. In this study, multisegmented injection capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry with online sample preconcentration was used for analysis of thiol amino acids and intermediates of sulfur metabolism in human glioma cell line U-251 with high accuracy, throughput, and sensitivity. This was achieved using multiple, large-volume injections for online sample preconcentration. The 16 intermediates of sulfur metabolism had a good linear correlation coefficient range of 0.984–1 and the limit of detection range was 1.4–203.9 ng/mL. The recovery ranges of most amino acids were 88.1–114.5%, 89.0–104.3%, and 76.9–104.5% at 0.3, 0.75, and 1.5 μg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviation ranges for the inter- and intra-day precision were 1.8–10.7% and 4.3–18.8%, respectively. Compared with the traditional injection method, the analytical time for compounds in sulfur metabolism was reduced to 4 min/sample, the method throughput was enhanced five times, and the sensitivity was increased 14.4–33.1 times. Customized injection sequences were applied in experimental optimization. The developed method simplified the experimental optimization to one injection and is suitable for the analysis of sulfur metabolites in biological samples and has high sensitivity, throughput, speed, and accuracy.
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2
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Zhao T, Wang L, Li Y, Chen S, Wang R, Chen DDY. Quantification of the bisphosphonate alendronate using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry with dynamic pH barrage junction focusing. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:350-359. [PMID: 33247852 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative method was developed for the direct identity confirmation and quantification of alendronate using CE-MS combined with a pH-assisted focusing technique, dynamic pH barrage junction focusing. A pH-induced variation in electrophoretic mobility led to online focusing of alendronate at the sample/pH barrage boundary, significantly improving the detection sensitivity. In addition, the use of a flow-through microvial CE electrospray interface and the multiple reaction monitoring mode of MS further improved the specificity and quantification capability of this technology. This quantitative method presented a wide linear dynamic range over 8-2000 ng/mL and an LOD of 2 ng/mL. A 460-fold improvement in sensitivity was obtained when pH barrage junction focusing was applied during the CE process, in comparison to when normal CE was conducted without online sample stacking. The superior detection sensitivity over previously reported methods enables direct analysis of bisphosphonate compounds, eliminating tedious pre-column sample enrichment and derivatization. Validation of alendronate content in a commercial drug tablet further proved the reliability and power of this method. This simple method with no sample derivatization, superior sensitivity, and short run time (<8 min) is a promising alternative for accurate quantification of alendronate and other types of bisphosphonate compounds in both drug formulations and plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yueyang Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rizhi Wang
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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3
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Boublík M, Riesová M, Hruška V, Šteflová J. Online preconcentration of weak electrolytes at the pH boundary induced by a system zone in capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1085:126-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Optimization of dynamic pH barrage junction focusing for weakly alkaline or zwitterionic analytes in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1095:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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5
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Lubeckyj RA, McCool EN, Shen X, Kou Q, Liu X, Sun L. Single-Shot Top-Down Proteomics with Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Nearly 600 Escherichia coli Proteoforms. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12059-12067. [PMID: 29064224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI-MS/MS) has been recognized as an invaluable platform for top-down proteomics. However, the scale of top-down proteomics using CZE-MS/MS is still limited due to the low loading capacity and narrow separation window of CZE. In this work, for the first time we systematically evaluated the dynamic pH junction method for focusing of intact proteins during CZE-MS. The optimized dynamic pH junction-based CZE-MS/MS approached a 1 μL loading capacity, 90 min separation window, and high peak capacity (∼280) for characterization of an Escherichia coli proteome. The results represent the largest loading capacity and the highest peak capacity of CZE for top-down characterization of complex proteomes. Single-shot CZE-MS/MS identified about 2800 proteoform-spectrum matches, nearly 600 proteoforms, and 200 proteins from the Escherichia coli proteome with spectrum-level false discovery rate (FDR) less than 1%. The number of identified proteoforms in this work is over three times higher than that in previous single-shot CZE-MS/MS studies. Truncations, N-terminal methionine excision, signal peptide removal, and some post-translational modifications including oxidation and acetylation were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele A Lubeckyj
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Elijah N McCool
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Xiaojing Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Qiang Kou
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , 719 Indiana Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , 719 Indiana Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine , 410 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Chen D, Shen X, Sun L. Capillary zone electrophoresis–mass spectrometry with microliter-scale loading capacity, 140 min separation window and high peak capacity for bottom-up proteomics. Analyst 2017; 142:2118-2127. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CZE–MS can approach a microliter-scale loading capacity and a 140 min separation window for large-scale bottom-up proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing
- USA 48824
| | - Xiaojing Shen
- Department of Chemistry
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing
- USA 48824
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing
- USA 48824
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7
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Zhu G, Sun L, Dovichi NJ. Dynamic pH junction preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis- electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for proteomics analysis. Analyst 2016; 141:5216-20. [PMID: 27460877 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01140c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) is an interesting complimentary technique to reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-ESI-MS for proteomics research. However, the low sample loading capacity of CZE (typically a few nL) can limit its application for large-scale proteomics. A number of on-line sample preconcentration methods have been developed to increase sample loading volumes. This review considers the dynamic pH junction as a simple on-line sample preconcentration method; this method is well suited for amphiprotic analytes. In the pH junction, these analytes are suspended in a basic buffer, injected by pressure into the capillary, and separated in an acidic background electrolyte, with no changes in either CZE-MS operations or instrumentation. We have demonstrated that the dynamic pH junction method can improve the sample loading volume to sub-μL volumes without significant loss of separation capacity for bottom-up proteomic analysis. The dynamic pH junction based CZE-ESI-MS system has been applied for a number of complex biological samples, including the E. coli proteome, impurities in recombinant antibody therapeutics, and the characterization of the phosphoproteome from a human cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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8
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Wang L, MacDonald D, Huang X, Chen DDY. Capture efficiency of dynamic pH junction focusing in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1143-50. [PMID: 26949078 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic pH junction is one of the techniques used to overcome the issue of poor concentration sensitivity in CE. By introducing a long sample plug in the capillary and focusing the target molecules at the pH boundary between the sample plug and background electrolyte, this focusing technique can achieve a detection limit that is one to two orders of magnitude better than conventional CE. For quantification purposes, the capturing efficiency of the injected molecules should be scrutinized. Focusing of all target molecules inside the sample plug is desired to ensure good linearity across the whole dynamic range. To test the theoretical prediction with a real experiment, nicotine is used as the test molecule for two types of dynamic pH junctions. The first one is with acidic background electrolyte, and can accommodate both optical detection methods and positive-ion mode mass spectrometric detection, while the other is suitable for optical detection only due to the use of basic separation background electrolyte. With a theoretical simulation study, it is demonstrated that, for either of these dynamic pH junctions, focusing of at least 95% of target molecule injected into the capillary was easily achievable. More importantly, a longer sample plug could generate a high percentage of molecules captured by dynamic pH junction focusing. Sharp, symmetrical peaks and good linearity for calibration curve can be obtained. Real samples with complex matrixes were also used to demonstrate that nicotine can be selectively focused and quantified using CE-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David MacDonald
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing P. R., China
| | - David D Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing P. R., China
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Zhong X, Hao L, Lu J, Ye H, Zhang SC, Li L. Quantitative analysis of serotonin secreted by human embryonic stem cells-derived serotonergic neurons via pH-mediated online stacking-CE-ESI-MRM. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1027-30. [PMID: 26791443 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A CE-ESI-MRM-based assay was developed for targeted analysis of serotonin released by human embryonic stem cells-derived serotonergic neurons in a chemically defined environment. A discontinuous electrolyte system was optimized for pH-mediated online stacking of serotonin. Combining with a liquid-liquid extraction procedure, LOD of serotonin in the Krebs'-Ringer's solution by CE-ESI-MS/MS on a 3D ion trap MS was0.15 ng/mL. The quantitative results confirmed the serotonergic identity of the in vitro developed neurons and the capacity of these neurons to release serotonin in response to stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ling Hao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hui Ye
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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10
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Ramautar R, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. Developments in coupled solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis 2013-2015. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:35-44. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rawi Ramautar
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry; VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Hendrickx S, de Malsche W, Cabooter D. An overview of the use of microchips in electrophoretic separation techniques: fabrication, separation modes, sample preparation opportunities, and on-chip detection. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1274:3-17. [PMID: 25673478 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2353-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This chapter is intended as a basic introduction to microchip-based capillary electrophoresis to set the scene for newcomers and give pointers to reference material. An outline of some commonly used setups and key concepts is given, many of which are explored in greater depth in later chapters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Hendrickx
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, O&N2 923, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Cacho C, Marková Z, Ševčík J, Zbořil R, Petr J. Study of behavior of carboxylic magnetite core shell nanoparticles on a pH boundary. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1364:59-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Bai Y, Chang C, Du F, Tan Z, Bai Y, Liu H. Combination of dynamic pH junction with capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the determination of systemins in plant samples. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1984-8. [PMID: 24668451 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Systemin is an important group of plant peptide hormones participating in the regulation of plant defensive responses. An improved method, based on dynamic pH junction and capillary electrophoresis-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was developed for online enrichment and sensitive determination of trace systemins in plants. After optimization, the online enrichment factors for six target systemins ranged from 90- to 127-fold. The detection limits reached lower than 0.5 nM, which were comparable with the sensitivity of LC-MS method. Satisfactory quantitative results were obtained in terms of linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.993), dynamic range (3-120 ng/mL), and reproducibility (≤6.7%). For the analysis of real plant samples, a rapid sample preparation method was developed, using two steps of SPE purification with different retention and separation mechanisms. Finally, this method realized the successful detection of tomato systemin and tobacco hydroxyproline-rich systemin I from plant leaves with shorter analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Analytical & Characterization, Experiment Management Center, National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy (NICE), Beijing, P. R. China
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14
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Kong Y, Yuan J, Wang Z, Hou Z, Yu J, Jin H, Xie M, Chang N, Xu W, Zhao Y, Tang Y. Assay of melamine in milk products with a pH-mediated stacking technique in capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:717-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiang Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Institute of Analytical Science; School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Zhanwu Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Jiang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Han Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Meihua Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Nan Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Weiyong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Yongxi Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Yuhai Tang
- Institute of Analytical Science; School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P.R. China
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Zhang H, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Shi Z, Liu W. GREEN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR THE SENSITIVE DETERMINATION OF MONONITROPHENOL ISOMERS BY DYNAMIC pH JUNCTION CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.778633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Zhang
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding , China
- b Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Baoding , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding , China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding , China
| | - Zhihong Shi
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding , China
- b Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Baoding , China
| | - Wei Liu
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding , China
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Yang X, Cheng X, Lin Y, Tan Z, Xie L, Choi MM. Determination of three nitroimidazoles in rabbit plasma by two-step stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis featuring sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1325:227-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Ramautar R, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. Developments in coupled solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis 2011-2013. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:128-37. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rawi Ramautar
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry; VU University; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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18
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Li Z, Zhang S, Yin X, Wang C, Wang Z. Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatographic Determination of Triazine Herbicides in Water Samples. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:926-31. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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19
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Tsardaka EC, Zacharis CK, Tzanavaras PD, Zotou A. Determination of glutathione in baker's yeast by capillary electrophoresis using methyl propiolate as derivatizing reagent. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1300:204-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Recent advances in on-line concentration and separation of amino acids using capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7919-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Hsieh BC, Chen RLC, Tsai T. Quantification of 5-aminolevulinic acid by CE using dynamic pH junction technique. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:803-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Chuan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Richie L. C. Chen
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tsuimin Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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22
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Mathematical model and computer simulation on moving precipitate boundary electrophoresis for offline sample pre- concentration of heavy metal ion. Talanta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Ramautar R, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. CE-MS for metabolomics: developments and applications in the period 2010-2012. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:86-98. [PMID: 23161106 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CE-MS has emerged as a powerful technique for the profiling of (highly) polar and charged metabolites in biological samples. This review provides an update of the most recent developments in CE-MS for metabolomics covering the scientific literature from July 2010 to June 2012. The present paper is an update of two previous review papers covering the years 2000-2010 (Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 276-291; Electrophoresis 2011, 32, 52-65). Emerging technological developments used in CE-MS for metabolomics are discussed, such as the use of novel interfacing techniques for coupling CE to MS. Representative examples illustrate the applicability of CE-MS in the fields of biomedical, clinical, microbial, plant, environmental and food metabolomics. Concerning targeted and non-targeted approaches, a comprehensive overview of recent CE-MS-based metabolomics studies is given in a table. Information on sample type and pretreatment, capillary coatings and MS detection mode is provided. Finally, general conclusions and perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawi Ramautar
- Biomolecular Analysis, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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24
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Tak YH, Toraño JS, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. Optimization of in-line fritless solid-phase extraction for capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:138-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Quirino JP, Aranas AT. Simultaneous electrokinetic and hydrodynamic injection with on-line sample concentration via micelle to solvent stacking in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 733:84-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Review of recent developments of on-line sample stacking techniques and their application in capillary electrophoresis. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCapillary electrophoresis (CE) has become one of the most useful tools in separation science because of its high separation efficiency, low cost, versatility, ease of sample preparation and automation. However, some limitations of CE, such as poor concentration sensitivity due to its lower sample loading and shorter optical path length, limits its further applications in separation science. In order to solve this problem, various on-line sample preconcentration techniques such as transient isotachophoresis preconcentration, field-enhanced sample stacking, micelle to solvent stacking, micelle collapse, dynamic pH junction, sweeping, solid phase extraction, single drop microextraction and liquid phase microextraction have been combined with CE. Recent developments, applications and some variants together with different combinations of these techniques integrating in CE are reviewed here and our discussions will be confined to the past three years (2008–2011).
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Yang J, Li HF, Li M, Lin JM. Gas dispersion concentration of trace inorganic contaminants from fuel gas and analysis using head-column field-amplified sample stacking capillary electrophoresis. Analyst 2012; 137:3710-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35409h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li T, Booker CJ, Yeung KKC. Migration behaviour of discontinuous buffers in capillary electrophoresis during protein enrichment. Analyst 2012; 137:4766-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35548e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ramautar R, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Developments in coupled solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis 2009-2011. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:243-50. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Quirino JP, Breadmore MC. Acid-induced transient isotachophoretic stacking of basic drugs in co-electroosmotic flow capillary zone electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2011; 35:60-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kok MGM, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Sensitivity enhancement in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry of anionic metabolites using a triethylamine-containing background electrolyte and sheath liquid. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3016-24. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Online sample pre-concentration via dynamic pH junction in capillary and microchip electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2800-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Quirino JP, Aranas AT. Micelle to solvent stacking of organic cations in micellar electrokinetic chromatography with sodium dodecyl sulfate. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7377-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Removal of sample background buffering ions and myoglobin enrichment via a pH junction created by discontinuous buffers in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5705-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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High-sensitivity capillary electrophoresis method for monitoring purine nucleoside phosphorylase and adenosine deaminase reactions by a reversed electrode polarity switching mode. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4764-71. [PMID: 21664618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple, efficient, and highly sensitive in-line CE method was developed for the characterization and for inhibition studies of the nucleoside-metabolizing enzymes purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) present in membrane preparations of human 1539 melanoma cells. After filling the running buffer (50 mM borate buffer, 100 mM SDS, pH 9.10) into a fused-silica capillary (50 cm effective length × 75 μm), a large sample volume was loaded by hydrodynamic injection (5 psi, 36 s), followed by the removal of the large plug of sample matrix from the capillary using polarity switching (-20 kV). The current was monitored and the polarity was reversed when 95% of the current had been recovered. The separation of the neutral analytes (nucleosides and nucleobases) was performed by applying a voltage of 15 kV. An about 10-fold improvement of sensitivity for the five investigated analytes (adenosine, inosine, adenine, hypoxanthine, xanthine) was achieved by large-volume stacking with polarity switching when compared with CE without stacking. For inosine and adenine detection limits as low as 60 nM were achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the highest sensitivity for nucleoside and nucleobase analysis using CE with UV detection reported so far. The Michaelis-Menten constants (K(m)) for PNP and ADA and the inhibition constants (K(i)) for standard inhibitors determined with the new method were consistent with literature data.
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Quirino JP, Guidote AM. Two-step stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis featuring sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking: II. Organic anions. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1004-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ramautar R, Mayboroda OA, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. CE-MS for metabolomics: Developments and applications in the period 2008-2010. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:52-65. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Malá Z, Gebauer P, Boček P. Contemporary sample stacking in analytical electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:116-26. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Breadmore MC, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2008-2010). Electrophoresis 2010; 32:127-48. [PMID: 21171119 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis has been alive for over two decades now; yet, its sensitivity is still regarded as being inferior to that of more traditional methods of separation such as HPLC. As such, it is unsurprising that overcoming this issue still generates much scientific interest. This review continues to update this series of reviews, first published in Electrophoresis in 2007, with an update published in 2009 and covers material published through to June 2010. It includes developments in the fields of stacking, covering all methods from field-amplified sample stacking and large volume sample stacking, through to ITP, dynamic pH junction and sweeping. Attention is also given to on-line or in-line extraction methods that have been used for electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
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Vítková K, Petr J, Maier V, Znaleziona J, Ševčík J. Study of electromigration effects on a pH boundary during the on-line electrokinetic preconcentration by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2771-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ramautar R, Toraño JS, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. Evaluation of CE methods for global metabolic profiling of urine. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2319-27. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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