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El Hasnaoui N, Fatimi A, Benjalal Y. Self-Assembly of Molecular Landers Equipped with Functional Moieties on the Surface: A Mini Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6277. [PMID: 38892465 PMCID: PMC11172695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The bottom-up fabrication of supramolecular and self-assembly on various substrates has become an extremely relevant goal to achieve prospects in the development of nanodevices for electronic circuitry or sensors. One of the branches of this field is the self-assembly of functional molecular components driven through non-covalent interactions on the surfaces, such as van der Waals (vdW) interactions, hydrogen bonding (HB), electrostatic interactions, etc., allowing the controlled design of nanostructures that can satisfy the requirements of nanoengineering concepts. In this context, non-covalent interactions present opportunities that have been previously explored in several molecular systems adsorbed on surfaces, primarily due to their highly directional nature which facilitates the formation of well-ordered structures. Herein, we review a series of research works by combining STM (scanning tunneling microscopy) with theoretical calculations, to reveal the processes used in the area of self-assembly driven by molecule Landers equipped with functional groups on the metallic surfaces. Combining these processes is necessary for researchers to advance the self-assembly of supramolecular architectures driven by multiple non-covalent interactions on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia El Hasnaoui
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco (A.F.)
- Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Fatimi
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco (A.F.)
- Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Youness Benjalal
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco (A.F.)
- Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
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Würthner F, Saha-Möller CR, Fimmel B, Ogi S, Leowanawat P, Schmidt D. Perylene Bisimide Dye Assemblies as Archetype Functional Supramolecular Materials. Chem Rev 2015; 116:962-1052. [PMID: 26270260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 960] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chantu R Saha-Möller
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Fimmel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Slater AG, Perdigão LMA, Beton PH, Champness NR. Surface-based supramolecular chemistry using hydrogen bonds. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3417-27. [PMID: 25330179 DOI: 10.1021/ar5001378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: The arrangement of molecular species into extended structures remains the focus of much current chemical science. The organization of molecules on surfaces using intermolecular interactions has been studied to a lesser degree than solution or solid-state systems, and unanticipated observations still lie in store. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds are an attractive tool that can be used to facilitate the self-assembly of an extended structure through the careful design of target building blocks. Our studies have focused on the use of 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimides (PTCDIs), and related functionalized analogues, to prepare extended arrays on surfaces. These molecules are ideal for such studies because they are specifically designed to interact with appropriate diaminopyridine-functionalized molecules, and related species, through complementary hydrogen bonds. Additionally, PTCDI species can be functionalized in the bay region of the molecule, facilitating modification of the self-assembled structures that can be prepared. Through a combination of PTCDI derivatives, sometimes in combination with melamine, porous two-dimensional arrays can be formed that can entrap guest molecules. The factors that govern the self-assembly processes of PTCDI derivatives are discussed, and the ability to construct suitable target arrays and host-specific molecular species, including fullerenes and transition metal clusters, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Slater
- School of Chemistry, ‡School of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Luis M. A. Perdigão
- School of Chemistry, ‡School of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H. Beton
- School of Chemistry, ‡School of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Neil R. Champness
- School of Chemistry, ‡School of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Xue Y, Kim MK, Pašková T, Zimmt MB. Odd or even? Monolayer domain size depends on diyne position in alkadiynylanthracenes. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:15856-65. [PMID: 24063583 DOI: 10.1021/jp4084376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1,5-(Alkadiynyl)anthracenes self-assemble single component and multicomponent monolayers at the solution-HOPG interface. An alkadiynyl chain's kinked shape constrains the molecular structures with which it can close-pack. This affords rudimentary molecular recognition that has been used to direct self-assembly of 1-D patterned, multicomponent monolayers. The unit cell building blocks of single- and multicomponent alkadiynylanthracene monolayers repeat with high fidelity for 100s of nanometers along the side chain direction. Unit cell repeat fidelity along the orthogonal, anthracene column direction of the monolayer depends on diyne location within the side chain; even-position diyne side chains produce high fidelity of unit cell repeats and wider domain widths along the anthracene columns, whereas odd-position diyne side chains produce more frequent domain interfaces that disrupt the anthracene columns. Alkadiynylanthracene monolayers may be viewed as stacks of 1-D molecular tapes. 1-D tape molecular composition, sequence, and intratape side chain alignment are dictated by shape complementarity of the kinked alkadiynyl side chains. Stacking alignments of adjacent 1-D tapes are controlled by shape matching of tape peripheries and determine repeat fidelity along the anthracene columns. Tapes stacked with a constant intertape alignment comprise crystalline domains that repeat along the anthracene columns. The 1-D tapes formed by anthracenes with odd-position diynes have triangle wave peripheries that close-pack in multiple stacking alignments. This reduces unit cell repeat fidelity and decreases the widths of crystalline domains along the anthracene columns. Even-position diyne side chains form 1-D tapes with trapezoid wave peripheries that close-pack in only one stacking alignment. This generates higher stacking fidelity, larger domain widths, and fewer domain interfaces along the anthracene columns of even-position diyne monolayers. Even- and odd-position diyne monolayers exhibit comparable densities of interfaces between enantiotopic domains and between domains aligned along different graphite symmetry axes. These interfaces likely arise through collisions of independently nucleated/growing domains and persist for lack of kinetically competent pathways that interconvert or merge the domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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Seki T, Lin X, Yagai S. Supramolecular Engineering of Perylene Bisimide Assemblies Based on Complementary Multiple Hydrogen Bonding Interactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Korolkov VV, Mullin N, Allen S, Roberts CJ, Hobbs JK, Tendler SJB. Reply to the ‘Comment on “The structure and formation of hydrogen-bonded molecular networks on Au(111) surfaces revealed by scanning tunnelling and torsional-tapping atomic force microscopy”’ by I. Cebula, M. T. Räisänen, R. Madueno, B. Karamzadeh and M. Buck, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15, DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50754h. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:14128-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Phillips AG, Beton PH, Champness NR. Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Chemistry. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Xue Y, Zimmt MB. Patterned monolayer self-assembly programmed by side chain shape: four-component gratings. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4513-6. [PMID: 22369569 DOI: 10.1021/ja2115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A molecular recognition strategy based on alkadiyne side chain shape is used to self-assemble a four-component, 1D-patterned monolayer at the solution-HOPG interface. The designed monolayer unit cell contains six molecules and spans 23 nm × 1 nm. The unit cell's internal structure and packing are driven by complementary shapes and lengths of six different alkadiyne side chains. A solution of the four compounds on HOPG self-assembles monolayers (i) comprised, almost entirely, of the intended unit cell, (ii) exhibiting patterned domains spanning 10(4) nm(2), and (iii) which are sufficiently robust that patterned domains survive solvent rinsing and drying. The patterned monolayer affords 1D-feature spacings ranging from 3.3 to 23 nm. The results demonstrate the remarkable selectivity afforded by molecular recognition based on alkadiyne side chain shape and the ability to program highly complex 1D-patterns in self-assembled monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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Li Y, Zhao K, Yang Y, Deng K, Zeng Q, Wang C. Functionalization of two-component molecular networks: recognition of Fe³⁺. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:148-151. [PMID: 22068973 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr11168j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two-component supramolecular networks have been constructed with a symmetric triphenylene derivative with three carboxyl groups (sym-TTT) and melamine. Two kinds of hydrogen bonds with different strength are involved in the multi-component self-assembly, one is H-bond between carboxyl group of sym-TTT and melamine, the other is intermolecular H-bond between melamine molecules. These interactions drive a structural transformation from close-packed network to hexagonal network with active amino groups inside of the cavity. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements reveal that the functionalized network of sym-TTT/melamine could recognise Fe(3+). These results could be helpful for designing functionalized molecular networks by multi-component self-assembling strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibao Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
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Liang H, Sun W, Jin X, Li H, Li J, Hu X, Teo BK, Wu K. Two-Dimensional Molecular Porous Networks Formed by Trimesic Acid and 4,4′-Bis(4-pyridyl)biphenyl on Au(111) through Hierarchical Hydrogen Bonds: Structural Systematics and Control of Nanopore Size and Shape. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Liang H, Sun W, Jin X, Li H, Li J, Hu X, Teo BK, Wu K. Two-Dimensional Molecular Porous Networks Formed by Trimesic Acid and 4,4′-Bis(4-pyridyl)biphenyl on Au(111) through Hierarchical Hydrogen Bonds: Structural Systematics and Control of Nanopore Size and Shape. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7562-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Slater (née Phillips) AG, Beton PH, Champness NR. Two-dimensional supramolecular chemistry on surfaces. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00251a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Yang Y, Wang C. Hierarchical construction of self-assembled low-dimensional molecular architectures observed by using scanning tunneling microscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:2576-89. [DOI: 10.1039/b807500j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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