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Shan S, Sun E, Gao Y, Li Z, Xu H, Yan B. An ab initio study on the electronic excited states and photodissociation mechanism of bromocarbene molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37305951 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00985h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We used the internally contracted explicitly correlated multireference configuration interaction (icMRCI-F12) method combined with Davidson correction to conduct a high-precision ab initio study of CHBr. The spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is incorporated into the calculation. The 21 spin-free states split into 53 spin-coupled states of CHBr. The vertical transition energies and oscillator strengths are obtained of these states. The SOC effect on the equilibrium structures and the harmonic vibrational frequencies of the ground state X1A', the lowest triplet state a3A'' and the first excited singlet state A1A'' is investigated. The results reveal a significant effect of the SOC on the bond angle and the frequency of the bending mode of a3A''. The potential energy curves of electronic states of CHBr as functions of the H-C-Br bond angle, C-H bond length, and C-Br bond length, respectively, are also investigated. Based on the calculated results, the interactions between electronic states and photodissociation mechanism involved in CHBr in the ultraviolet region are explored. Our theoretical studies will shed light on the complicated interactions and dynamics of the electronic states of bromocarbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Shan
- School of Semiconductors and Physics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - ErPing Sun
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yongquan Gao
- School of Semiconductors and Physics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Zirun Li
- School of Semiconductors and Physics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Chan YC, Kortyna A, Nesbitt DJ. High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of supersonically cooled singlet carbenes: Bromomethylene (HCBr) in the CH stretch region. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:014304. [PMID: 34998358 DOI: 10.1063/5.0077341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
First high-resolution spectra of cold (∼35 K) singlet bromomethylene HCBr in the CH stretching (v1) region from 2770 to 2850 cm-1 are reported using near quantum shot-noise limited laser absorption methods in a slit jet supersonic discharge expansion source. Three rovibrational bands are identified at high S/N (20:1-40:1) and rotationally assigned to (i) the CH stretch fundamental (v1) band X̃1,0,0←X̃0,0,0 and (ii) vibrational hot bands [X̃(1,1,0)←X̃(0,1,0) and X̃(1,0,1)←X̃(0,0,1)] arising from vibrationally excited HCBr populated in the discharge with single quanta in either the H-C-Br bend (v2) or C-Br stretch (v3) modes. Precision rotational constants are reported for a total of six states, with an experimentally determined CH stretch vibrational frequency (2799.38 cm-1) in good agreement with previous low-resolution fluorescence studies [M. Deselnicu et al., J. Chem. Phys. 124(13), 134302 (2006)]. Detailed analysis of the fundamental v1 band highlights the presence of perturbations in the X̃1,0,0 level, which we tentatively attribute to arise from the nearby triplet state ã(0,0,1) through spin-orbit interaction or the multiple quanta X̃0,2,1 singlet state via c-type Coriolis coupling. Reduced-Doppler resolution (60 MHz) in the slit-jet IR spectrometer permits for clear observation of a nuclear spin hyperfine structure, with experimental line shapes well reproduced by nuclear quadrupole/spin-rotation coupling constants from microwave studies [C. Duan et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 220(1), 113-121 (2003)]. Finally, the a-type to b-type transition intensity ratio for the fundamental CH stretch band is notably larger than that predicted by using a bond-dipole model, which from high level ab initio quantum calculations [CCSD(T)/PVQZ] can be attributed to vibrationally induced "charge-sloshing" of electron density along the polar C-Br bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chu Chan
- JILA, University of Colorado Boulder and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Andrew Kortyna
- Cold Quanta, 3030 Sterling Circle, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
| | - David J Nesbitt
- JILA, University of Colorado Boulder and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Chicharro DV, Hrodmarsson HR, Bouallagui A, Zanchet A, Loison JC, García GA, García-Vela A, Bañares L, Marggi Poullain S. Threshold Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the CH 2I, CHI, and CI Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6122-6130. [PMID: 34232644 PMCID: PMC8478278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
VUV photoionization of the CHnI radicals (with n = 0, 1, and 2) is investigated by means of synchrotron radiation coupled with a double imaging photoion-photoelectron coincidence spectrometer. Photoionization efficiencies and threshold photoelectron spectra (TPES) for photon energies ranging between 9.2 and 12.0 eV are reported. An adiabatic ionization energy (AIE) of 8.334 ± 0.005 eV is obtained for CH2I, which is in good agreement with previous results [8.333 ± 0.015 eV, Sztáray J. Chem. Phys. 2017, 147, 013944], while for CI an AIE of 8.374 ± 0.005 eV is measured for the first time and a value of ∼8.8 eV is estimated for CHI. Ab initio calculations have been carried out for the ground state of the CH2I radical and for the ground state and excited states of the radical cation CH2I+, including potential energy curves along the C-I coordinate. Franck-Condon factors are calculated for transitions from the CH2I(X̃2B1) ground state of the neutral radical to the ground state and excited states of the radical cation. The TPES measured for the CH2I radical shows several structures that correspond to the photoionization into excited states of the radical cation and are fully assigned on the basis of the calculations. The TPES obtained for the CHI is characterized by a broad structure peaking at 9.335 eV, which could be due to the photoionization from both the singlet and the triplet states and into one or more electronic states of the cation. A vibrational progression is clearly observed in the TPES for the CI radical and a frequency for the C-I stretching mode of 760 ± 60 cm-1 characterizing the CI+ electronic ground state has been extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Chicharro
- Departamento de Química Física (Unidad Asociada I+D+i al CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Aymen Bouallagui
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Serrano, 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications-LSAMA LR01ES09, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alexandre Zanchet
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Serrano, 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Christophe Loison
- ISM, Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Gustavo A García
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Alberto García-Vela
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Serrano, 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Bañares
- Departamento de Química Física (Unidad Asociada I+D+i al CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanoscience), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Marggi Poullain
- Departamento de Química Física (Unidad Asociada I+D+i al CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Shan S, Yan P, Zhang X, Yin S, Yuan X, Xu H, Yan B. Exploring the structure and photodissociation mechanism of the electronic states of iodocarbene, CHI: a theoretical contribution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:17735-17744. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02575k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the electronic states of CHI were investigated and the dissociation mechanism was explored in the ultraviolet region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Shan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Peiyuan Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Shuang Yin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
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Nyambo S, Karshenas C, Reid SA, Lolur P, Dawes R. Towards a global model of spin-orbit coupling in the halocarbenes. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:214304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4921466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silver Nyambo
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA
| | - Cyrus Karshenas
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA
| | - Scott A. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA
| | - Phalgun Lolur
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Richard Dawes
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
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Broderick BM, McCaslin L, Moradi CP, Stanton JF, Douberly GE. Reactive intermediates in 4He nanodroplets: Infrared laser Stark spectroscopy of dihydroxycarbene. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:144309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4917421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura McCaslin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - John F. Stanton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Gary E. Douberly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA
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Bacskay GB. Spectroscopy and heats of formation of CXI (X = Br, Cl, F) iodocarbenes: quantum chemical characterisation of the X̃(1 A′), ã(3 A″) and Ã(1 A″) states. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.1000991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Quantum chemical characterization of the $${\tilde{X}}(^{1} A_{1} )$$ X ~ ( 1 A 1 ) , $${\tilde{a}}(^{3} B_{1} )$$ a ~ ( 3 B 1 ) , $${\tilde{A}}(^{1} B_{1} )$$ A ~ ( 1 B 1 ) and $${\tilde{B}}(2{}^{1}A_{1} )$$ B ~ ( 2 1 A 1 ) states of diiodomethylene and the enthalpies of formation of diiodomethylene, iodomethylene and iodomethylidyne. Theor Chem Acc 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-014-1474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tao C, Ebben C, Reid SA. Fluorescence excitation and emission spectroscopy of the X(1)A' --> A(1)A'' system of CHI and CDI. J Phys Chem A 2010; 113:13407-12. [PMID: 19438219 DOI: 10.1021/jp903047d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the first detailed studies of the spectroscopy of an iodocarbene, measuring fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of the X1A' --> A1A'' system of :CHI and the deuterated isotopomer :CDI. Due to similar bending and C-I stretching frequencies in the upper state, fluorescence excitation spectra of :CHI show polyads composed of members of the 2(0)(n-x)3(0)x progressions with x = 0-3. For :CDI, only progressions with x = 0, 1 are observed. Extrapolation of the 20n term energies for both isotopomers to a common origin places the electronic origin of the X1A' --> A1A'' system near 10500 cm-1, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Rotational analysis of the 16 observed bands for CHI and 13 observed bands for :CDI yields rotational constants for the upper and lower states that are also in good agreement with theory. To investigate the controversial issue of the ground state multiplicity of :CHI, we measured single vibronic level emission spectra from many A1A'' levels. These spectra show conclusively that the ground state is a singlet, as for both isotopomers the ã3A'' origin is observed, lying well above the origin of the X1A' state. At energies above the ã3A'' origin, the spin-orbit mixing is so severe that few vibrational assignments can be made. Analysis of the emission spectra provides a lower limit on the singlet-triplet gap of 4.1 kcal mol-1, in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, USA
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Kable SH, Reid SA, Sears TJ. The halocarbenes: model systems for understanding the spectroscopy, dynamics and chemistry of carbenes. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350903087792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Koziol L, Mozhayskiy VA, Braams BJ, Bowman JM, Krylov AI. Ab Initio Calculation of the Photoelectron Spectra of the Hydroxycarbene Diradicals. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7802-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903476w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Koziol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, C. L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Vadim A. Mozhayskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, C. L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Bastiaan J. Braams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, C. L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Joel M. Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, C. L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, C. L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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