1
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Rufino FM, Vasconcelos DLM, Freire PTC, Oliveira RC, Remédios CMR, da Silva JH, Alabarse FG, Lima JA. In situ Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies on maleic acid under high pressure conditions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123264. [PMID: 37611523 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Maleic acid was studied by Raman spectroscopy and powder synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) under high pressure conditions by using a diamond anvil cell. The Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed from ambient pressure up to 9.2 GPa in the 100-3200 cm-1 spectral range. While the XRD measurements were performed up to 10.1 GPa. Here we present the pressure-dependence behavior from both the Raman modes and cell parameters. Maleic acid lattice parameters decrease anisotropically as a function of pressure and a reduction of 27% in the volume of the unit cell was observed. Modifications in the material's compressibility were observed at around 2 and 6 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Rufino
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, C. P. 6030, CEP 60455-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - D L M Vasconcelos
- Faculdade de Educação Ciências e Letras do Sertão Central, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, CEP 63.902-098 Quixadá, CE, Brazil
| | - P T C Freire
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, C. P. 6030, CEP 60455-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - R C Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, CEP 66075-110 - Belém-PA, Brazil
| | - C M R Remédios
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, CEP 66075-110 - Belém-PA, Brazil
| | - J H da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Cariri, CEP 63000-000 Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - F G Alabarse
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - J A Lima
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, C. P. 6030, CEP 60455-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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2
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High-Pressure Polymorphism in Hydrogen-Bonded Crystals: A Concise Review. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-pressure polymorphism is a developing interdisciplinary field. Pressure up to 20 GPa is a powerful thermodynamic parameter for the study and fabrication of hydrogen-bonded polymorphic systems. This review describes how pressure can be used to explore polymorphism and surveys the reports on examples of compounds that our group has studied at high pressures. Such studies have provided insight into the nature of structure–property relationships, which will enable crystal engineering to design crystals with desired architectures through hydrogen-bonded networks. Experimental methods are also briefly surveyed, along with two methods that have proven to be very helpful in the analysis of high-pressure polymorphs, namely, the ab initio pseudopotential plane–wave density functional method and using Hirshfeld surfaces to construct a graphical overview of intermolecular interactions.
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University ul. Pirogova, 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Lavrentieva ave., 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
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4
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A Review on High Pressure Experiments for Study of Crystallographic Behavior and Polymorphism of Pharmaceutical Materials. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2640-2653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Cruz PC, Rocha FA, Ferreira AM. Application of Selective Crystallization Methods To Isolate the Metastable Polymorphs of Paracetamol: A Review. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrı́cia C. Cruz
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando A. Rocha
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - António M. Ferreira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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6
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Bhardwaj RM, McMahon JA, Nyman J, Price LS, Konar S, Oswald IDH, Pulham CR, Price SL, Reutzel-Edens SM. A Prolific Solvate Former, Galunisertib, under the Pressure of Crystal Structure Prediction, Produces Ten Diverse Polymorphs. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13887-13897. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni M. Bhardwaj
- Small Molecule Design & Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jennifer A. McMahon
- Small Molecule Design & Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jonas Nyman
- Small Molecule Design & Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Louise S. Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Sumit Konar
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Iain D. H. Oswald
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - Colin R. Pulham
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Sarah L. Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Susan M. Reutzel-Edens
- Small Molecule Design & Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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7
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Abstract
Antisolvent addition at high pressure (0.8 GPa) allows crystallization and recovery to ambient pressures of metastable form II paracetamol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Ward
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS)
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Iain D. H. Oswald
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS)
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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8
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Ward MR, Younis S, Cruz-Cabeza AJ, Bull CL, Funnell NP, Oswald IDH. Discovery and recovery of delta p-aminobenzoic acid. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01882k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A new high-pressure recoverable form has been observed in the model system, p-aminobenzoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Ward
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS)
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Shatha Younis
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS)
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Aurora J. Cruz-Cabeza
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- University of Manchester
- M13 9PL Manchester
- UK
| | - Craig L. Bull
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Nicholas P. Funnell
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Iain D. H. Oswald
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS)
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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9
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Zakharov BA, Boldyreva EV. High pressure: a complementary tool for probing solid-state processes. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01391h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
High pressure offers insight into the mechanisms of a wide range of solid-state phenomena occurring under atmospheric pressure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A. Zakharov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - Elena V. Boldyreva
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
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10
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Price SL. Control and prediction of the organic solid state: a challenge to theory and experiment †. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 474:20180351. [PMID: 30333710 PMCID: PMC6189584 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of theoretical chemists to quantitatively model the weak forces between organic molecules is being exploited to predict their crystal structures and estimate their physical properties. Evolving crystal structure prediction methods are increasingly being used to aid the design of organic functional materials and provide information about thermodynamically plausible polymorphs of speciality organic materials to aid, for example, pharmaceutical development. However, the increasingly sophisticated experimental studies for detecting the range of organic solid-state behaviours provide many challenges for improving quantitative theories that form the basis for the computer modelling. It is challenging to calculate the relative thermodynamic stability of different organic crystal structures, let alone understand the kinetic effects that determine which polymorphs can be observed and are practically important. However, collaborations between experiment and theory are reaching the stage of devising experiments to target the first crystallization of new polymorphs or create novel organic molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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11
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Chakraborty S, Joseph S, Desiraju GR. Probing the Crystal Structure Landscape by Doping: 4-Bromo, 4-Chloro, and 4-Methylcinnamic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9279-9283. [PMID: 29893027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Accessing the data points in the crystal structure landscape of a molecule is a challenging task, either experimentally or computationally. We have charted the crystal structure landscape of 4-bromocinnamic acid (4BCA) experimentally and computationally: experimental doping is achieved with 4-methylcinnamic acid (4MCA) to obtain new crystal structures; computational doping is performed with 4-chlorocinnamic acid (4CCA) as a model system, because of the difficulties associated in parameterizing the Br atom. The landscape of 4CCA is explored experimentally in turn, also by doping it with 4MCA, and is found to bear a close resemblance to the landscape of 4BCA, justifying the ready miscibility of these two halogenated cinnamic acids to form solid solutions without any change in crystal structure. In effect, 4MCA, 4CCA and 4BCA form a commutable group of crystal structures, which may be realized experimentally or computationally, and constitute the landscape. Unlike the results obtained by Kitaigorodskii, all but two of the multiple solid solutions obtained in the methyl-doping experiments take structures that are different from the hitherto observed crystal forms of the parent compounds. Even granted that the latter might be inherently polymorphic, this unusual observation provokes the suggestion that solid solution formation may be used to probe the crystal structure landscape. The influence of π⋅⋅⋅π interactions, weak hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds in directing the formation of these new structures is also seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak Chakraborty
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Sumy Joseph
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Gautam R. Desiraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
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12
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Chakraborty S, Joseph S, Desiraju GR. Probing the Crystal Structure Landscape by Doping: 4-Bromo, 4-Chloro, and 4-Methylcinnamic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak Chakraborty
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Sumy Joseph
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Gautam R. Desiraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
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13
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Price SL. Is zeroth order crystal structure prediction (CSP_0) coming to maturity? What should we aim for in an ideal crystal structure prediction code? Faraday Discuss 2018; 211:9-30. [PMID: 30051901 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structure prediction based on searching for the global minimum in the lattice energy (CSP_0) is growing in use for guiding the discovery of new materials, for example, new functional materials, new phases of interest to planetary scientists and new polymorphs relevant to pharmaceutical development. This Faraday Discussion can assess the progress of CSP_0 over the range of types of materials to which CSP is currently and could be applied, which depends on our ability to model the variety of interatomic forces in crystals. The basic hypothesis, that the outcome of crystallisation is determined by thermodynamics, needs examining by considering methods of modelling relative thermodynamic stability not only as a function of pressure and temperature, but also of size, solvent and the presence of heterogeneous templates or impurities (CSP_thd). Given that many important materials persist, and indeed may be formed, when they are not the most thermodynamically stable structure, we need to define what would be required of an ideal CSP code (CSP_aim).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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14
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Fedorov AY, Rychkov DA, Losev EA, Zakharov BA, Stare J, Boldyreva EV. Effect of pressure on two polymorphs of tolazamide: why no interconversion? CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02527g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Rychkov DA, Hunter S, Kovalskii VY, Lomzov AA, Pulham CR, Boldyreva EV. Towards an understanding of crystallization from solution. DFT studies of multi-component serotonin crystals. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Stevens CJ, Prescimone A, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, Parsons S, Morrison CA, Arnold PL, Love JB. Inter- versus Intramolecular Structural Manipulation of a Dichromium(II) Pacman Complex through Pressure Variation. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:214-20. [PMID: 26683991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pressure on the intranuclear M···M separation and intermolecular secondary interactions in the dinuclear chromium Pacman complex [Cr2(L)](C6H6) was evaluated because this compound contains both a short Cr···Cr separation and an exogenously bound molecule of benzene in the solid state. The electronic structure of [Cr2(L)] was determined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, and density functional theory calculations and shows a diamagnetic ground state through antiferromagnetic exchange, with no evidence for a Cr-Cr bond. Analysis of the solid-state structures of [Cr2(L)](C6H6) at pressures varying from ambient to 3.0 GPa shows little deformation in the Cr···Cr separation, i.e., no Cr-Cr bond formation, but instead a significantly increased interaction between the exogenous arene and the chromium iminopyrrolide environment. It is therefore apparent from this analysis that [Cr2(L)] would be best exploited as a rigid chemical synthon, with pressure regulation being used to mediate the approach and secondary interactions of possible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J Stevens
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Floriana Tuna
- EPSRC National EPR Facility, School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- EPSRC National EPR Facility, School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Simon Parsons
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Carole A Morrison
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Polly L Arnold
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Jason B Love
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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17
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Zakharov BA, Seryotkin YV, Tumanov NA, Paliwoda D, Hanfland M, Kurnosov AV, Boldyreva EV. The role of fluids in high-pressure polymorphism of drugs: different behaviour of β-chlorpropamide in different inert gas and liquid media. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17750f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compression of β-chlorpropamide gives different phases depending on the choice of non-dissolving pressure-transmitting fluid (paraffin, neon and helium).
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Affiliation(s)
- B. A. Zakharov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630128
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - Y. V. Seryotkin
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630128
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - N. A. Tumanov
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Université catholique de Louvain
- Louvain-la-Neuve 1348
- Belgium
- Université de Namur
| | - D. Paliwoda
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
- Grenoble 38000
- France
| | - M. Hanfland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
- Grenoble 38000
- France
| | - A. V. Kurnosov
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut
- Universität Bayreuth
- Bayreuth D-95447
- Germany
| | - E. V. Boldyreva
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630128
- Russia
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18
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Zakharov BA, Goryainov SV, Boldyreva EV. Unusual seeding effect in the liquid-assisted high-pressure polymorphism of chlorpropamide. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00711b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Resnati G, Boldyreva E, Bombicz P, Kawano M. Supramolecular interactions in the solid state. IUCRJ 2015; 2:675-90. [PMID: 26594375 PMCID: PMC4645112 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252515014608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, supramolecular chemistry has been at the forefront of chemical research, with the aim of understanding chemistry beyond the covalent bond. Since the long-range periodicity in crystals is a product of the directionally specific short-range intermolecular interactions that are responsible for molecular assembly, analysis of crystalline solids provides a primary means to investigate intermolecular interactions and recognition phenomena. This article discusses some areas of contemporary research involving supramolecular interactions in the solid state. The topics covered are: (1) an overview and historical review of halogen bonding; (2) exploring non-ambient conditions to investigate intermolecular interactions in crystals; (3) the role of intermolecular interactions in morphotropy, being the link between isostructurality and polymorphism; (4) strategic realisation of kinetic coordination polymers by exploiting multi-interactive linker molecules. The discussion touches upon many of the prerequisites for controlled preparation and characterization of crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Resnati
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 7, via Mancinelli, Milan, Lombardy I-20131, Italy
| | - Elena Boldyreva
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 128, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Petra Bombicz
- Research Group of Chemical Crystallography, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, POB 286, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Masaki Kawano
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technonlogy, 77 Cheongam-Ro Nam-Gu, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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20
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Combined crystal structure prediction and high-pressure crystallization in rational pharmaceutical polymorph screening. Nat Commun 2015. [PMID: 26198974 PMCID: PMC4525153 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic molecules, such as pharmaceuticals, agro-chemicals and pigments, frequently form several crystal polymorphs with different physicochemical properties. Finding polymorphs has long been a purely experimental game of trial-and-error. Here we utilize in silico polymorph screening in combination with rationally planned crystallization experiments to study the polymorphism of the pharmaceutical compound Dalcetrapib, with 10 torsional degrees of freedom one of the most flexible molecules ever studied computationally. The experimental crystal polymorphs are found at the bottom of the calculated lattice energy landscape, and two predicted structures are identified as candidates for a missing, thermodynamically more stable polymorph. Pressure-dependent stability calculations suggested high pressure as a means to bring these polymorphs into existence. Subsequently, one of them could indeed be crystallized in the 0.02 to 0.50 GPa pressure range and was found to be metastable at ambient pressure, effectively derisking the appearance of a more stable polymorph during late-stage development of Dalcetrapib. Crystal polymorphism can lead to substances with vastly differing physicochemical properties, which has serious implications in the pharmaceutical industry. Here, the authors use in silico polymorph screening to accurately predict the resulting structures under set crystallisation environments.
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21
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Hejny C, Minkov VS. High-pressure crystallography of periodic and aperiodic crystals. IUCRJ 2015; 2:218-29. [PMID: 25866659 PMCID: PMC4392772 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252514025482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
More than five decades have passed since the first single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments at high pressure were performed. These studies were applied historically to geochemical processes occurring in the Earth and other planets, but high-pressure crystallography has spread across different fields of science including chemistry, physics, biology, materials science and pharmacy. With each passing year, high-pressure studies have become more precise and comprehensive because of the development of instrumentation and software, and the systems investigated have also become more complicated. Starting with crystals of simple minerals and inorganic compounds, the interests of researchers have shifted to complicated metal-organic frameworks, aperiodic crystals and quasicrystals, molecular crystals, and even proteins and viruses. Inspired by contributions to the microsymposium 'High-Pressure Crystallography of Periodic and Aperiodic Crystals' presented at the 23rd IUCr Congress and General Assembly, the authors have tried to summarize certain recent results of single-crystal studies of molecular and aperiodic structures under high pressure. While the selected contributions do not cover the whole spectrum of high-pressure research, they demonstrate the broad diversity of novel and fascinating results and may awaken the reader's interest in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clivia Hejny
- Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vasily S. Minkov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Kutateladze Street, Novosibirsk 630128, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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22
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McGregor L, Rychkov DA, Coster PL, Day S, Drebushchak VA, Achkasov AF, Nichol GS, Pulham CR, Boldyreva EV. A new polymorph of metacetamol. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00910c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The existence of a new polymorph of metacetamol together with its properties are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay McGregor
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
- The University of Edinburgh
- King's Buildings
- Edinburgh, UK
- REC-008
| | - Denis A. Rychkov
- REC-008
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry
- Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Paul L. Coster
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
- The University of Edinburgh
- King's Buildings
- Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Day
- Diamond Light Source
- Harwell Science & Innovation Campus
- Didcot, UK
| | - Valeri A. Drebushchak
- REC-008
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russia
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Gary S. Nichol
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
- The University of Edinburgh
- King's Buildings
- Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin R. Pulham
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
- The University of Edinburgh
- King's Buildings
- Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elena V. Boldyreva
- REC-008
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry
- Novosibirsk, Russia
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23
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Hutchison IB, Delori A, Wang X, Kamenev KV, Urquhart AJ, Oswald IDH. Polymorphism of a polymer precursor: metastable glycolide polymorph recovered via large scale high-pressure experiments. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00119f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a large volume high-pressure press a new polymorph of an important precursor for biomedical polymers was isolated in gram quantities and used to seed crystallisation experiments at ambient pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian B. Hutchison
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - Amit Delori
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - Xiao Wang
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Engineering
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh, UK
| | - Konstantin V. Kamenev
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Engineering
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew J. Urquhart
- Dept. of Micro- and Nanotechnology Colloids and Biological Interfaces
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Iain D. H. Oswald
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
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24
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Zakharov BA, Ogienko AG, Yunoshev AS, Ancharov AI, Boldyreva EV. Bis(paracetamol) pyridine – a new elusive paracetamol solvate: from modeling the phase diagram to successful single-crystal growth and structure–property relations. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the synthon approach, it is equally important to consider phase diagrams when searching for practical methods of crystallising multi-component crystals, either as single crystals or as powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A. Zakharov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey G. Ogienko
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Yunoshev
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey I. Ancharov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS
| | - Elena V. Boldyreva
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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25
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Smith SJ, Bishop MM, Montgomery JM, Hamilton TP, Vohra YK. Polymorphism in paracetamol: evidence of additional forms IV and V at high pressure. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:6068-77. [PMID: 25017812 DOI: 10.1021/jp411810y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structural phase stability of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide (paracetamol) has been studied at ambient temperature up to 23 GPa using Raman spectroscopy. Spectral changes have provided further evidence for a highly kinetically driven Form I → II transition that occurs as a mixed phase from 4.8 to 6.5 GPa, and might complete as early as 7 GPa. Upon further compression to 8.1 GPa, a drastic shift in spectral signature was observed providing the first evidence for a previously undiscovered Form IV of paracetamol. Additional shifts in mode intensities were observed near 11 GPa indicating a potential restructuring of the hydrogen bonding network and/or structural modification to a potentially new Form V. Phase boundaries at 7 and 8 GPa were confirmed under hydrostatic conditions using Raman spectroscopy. Spectral changes indicate that the transition Form IV → V occurs near 11 GPa. Multiple ab initio harmonic frequency calculations at different levels of theory were performed with a B3LYP/6-31G** being used to provide a more robust mode assignment to our experimentally obtained Raman modes. High pressure X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed up to 21 GPa, which provided further evidence for a highly kinetically driven Form I → II transition in agreement with our Raman measurements. In addition, the XRD provided further evidence for the existence of Form IV near 8 GPa and Form V near 11 GPa with Form V persisting up to 21 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer J Smith
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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26
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Patyk E, Marciniak J, Tomkowiak H, Katrusiak A, Merz K. Isothermal and isochoric crystallization of highly hygroscopic pyridine N-oxide of aqueous solution. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2014; 70:487-91. [PMID: 24892595 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520614011226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Highly hygroscopic pyridine N-oxide, C5H5NO, dissolves in water absorbed from atmospheric air, but it crystallizes in the neat form of the aqueous solution under high pressure. The crystals grown at high-pressure isochoric conditions are of the same phase as that obtained from anhydrous crystallization at ambient pressure. This feature can be employed for retrieving compounds highly soluble in water from their aqueous solutions. The crystal structure is strongly stabilized by CH...O contacts. The crystal compression and thermal expansion as well as three shortest H...O distances comply with the inverse-relationship rule of pressure and temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Patyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz Univeristy, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jedrzej Marciniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz Univeristy, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Tomkowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz Univeristy, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Katrusiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz Univeristy, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Klaus Merz
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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27
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Jones W, Eddleston MD. Introductory Lecture: Mechanochemistry, a versatile synthesis strategy for new materials. Faraday Discuss 2014; 170:9-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry deals with reactions induced by the input of mechanical energy – for example by impacts within a vibratory ball mill. The technique has a long history with significant contributions from Ostwald, Carey Lea and, notably, Faraday. Mechanochemistry has subsequently seen application in a variety of areas of materials science including mechanical alloying in metallurgy, the synthesis of complex organic molecules and, more recently, the discovery and development of new solid forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients. This paper overviews the broad areas of application of mechanochemistry, some key features which make it a particularly attractive approach to materials synthesis and some mechanistic aspects highlighted within the literature. A significant part, however, will focus on recent applications in the area of pharmaceuticals and its important role in exploring the rich variety of solid forms available for small, drug-like, molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Jones
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge, UK
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28
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Fabbiani FPA, Buth G, Levendis DC, Cruz-Cabeza AJ. Pharmaceutical hydrates under ambient conditions from high-pressure seeds: a case study of GABA monohydrate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1817-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A monohydrate form of the neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) has been crystallised in the 0.4–0.8 GPa pressure range, recovered to ambient pressure and then used as a seed. Theoretical calculations have been used to rationalise the experimental observations and gain an insight into thermodynamic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gernot Buth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- ANKA Synchrotron Radiation Facility
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Demetrius C. Levendis
- Molecular Sciences Institute
- School of Chemistry
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aurora J. Cruz-Cabeza
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Chan EJ, Goossens DJ. Study of the single-crystal X-ray diffuse scattering in paracetamol polymorphs. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B: STRUCTURAL SCIENCE 2012; 68:80-8. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108768111046295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Single-crystal diffuse X-ray scattering from paracetamol polymorphs is successfully calculated with Monte Carlo (MC) models that are used to simulate the crystals. In order to obtain the correct model appropriate force constants are required that describe the interatomic potentials used in the MC algorithm. Coefficients for an empirical `Buckingham'-type formula are used to determine these force constants. These coefficients are subsequently refined using the least-squares method and are found to converge on similar values for both polymorphic forms. An investigation of the correlation space generated from each model provides what would be expected given that strong displacive correlations exist between the molecules comprising the densely hydrogen-bonded layers. More disordered motions between these layers are present in the model for form (II) as opposed to form (I). An investigation into the peculiarities of librational disorder was also conducted, however, correlation values turn out to be so small that any structural information concerning librational correlation is inconclusive. The purpose of this experiment was to identify if the diffuse scattering features could provide further insight into understanding the physical reasoning behind the metastability of form (II). The form (II) → (I) phase transition is also not currently well understood and usually phase transitional information can be obtained from pronounced diffuse scattering features. Since the diffuse scattering is modelled adequately using harmonic potentials it is our conjecture that the `diffuse' is essentially thermal in origin and does not afford any extra information about the form (II) → (I) phase transition.
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30
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André V, M. da Piedade MF, Duarte MT. Revisiting paracetamol in a quest for new co-crystals. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25307k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Dunuwille M, Davidson AJ, Chellappa RS, Dattelbaum DM, Yoo CS. Pressure induced isostructural metastable phase transition of ammonium nitrate. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11889-96. [PMID: 21902257 DOI: 10.1021/jp207754z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The energetic material ammonium nitrate (AN, NH(4)NO(3)) has been studied under both hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic conditions using diamond anvil cells combined with micro-Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. The refined powder X-ray data indicates that under hydrostatic conditions AN-IV (orthorhombic, Pmmn) is stable to above 40 GPa. In one nonhydrostatic compression experiment a volume collapse was observed, suggesting an isostructural phase transition to a "metastable" phase IV' between 17 and 28 GPa. The structures of phase IV and IV' are similar with the subtle difference in the hydrogen-bonding network; that is, a noticeably shorter N1···O1 distance seen in phase IV'. This hydrogen bond has a significant component along the b-axis, which proves to be the most compressible until cell axis over the entire pressure range. It is likely that the shear stress of the nonhydrostatic experiment drives the phase IV-to-IV' transition to occur. We compare the present isotherms of phase IV and IV' in both static and nonhydrostatic conditions with the previously obtained Hugoniot and find that the nonhydrostatic isotherm approximately matches the Hugoniot. On the basis of this comparison, we conjecture that a chemical reaction or phase transition may occur in AN under dynamic pressure conditions at 22 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihindra Dunuwille
- Institute for Shock Physics and Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7041, United States
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32
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Brittain HG. Polymorphism and Solvatomorphism 2009. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:1260-79. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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33
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Ceolin R, Barrio M, Tamarit JL, Veglio N, Perrin MA, Espeau P. Liquid-Liquid Miscibility Gaps and Hydrate Formation in Drug-Water Binary Systems: Pressure-Temperature Phase Diagram of Lidocaine and Pressure-Temperature-Composition Phase Diagram of the Lidocaine-Water System. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:2756-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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High-Pressure Studies of Pharmaceuticals and Biomimetics. Fundamentals and Applications. A General Introduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9258-8_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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35
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Reddy CM, Rama Krishna G, Ghosh S. Mechanical properties of molecular crystals—applications to crystal engineering. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c003466e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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37
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Oswald IDH, Lennie AR, Pulham CR, Shankland K. High-pressure structural studies of the pharmaceutical, chlorothiazide. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c001355b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Fabbiani FPA, Levendis DC, Buth G, Kuhs WF, Shankland N, Sowa H. Searching for novel crystal forms by in situ high-pressure crystallisation: the example of gabapentin heptahydrate. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b924573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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40
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Bauer M, Winkel K, Toebbens DM, Mayer E, Loerting T. Hexagonal ice transforms at high pressures and compression rates directly into "doubly metastable" ice phases. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:224514. [PMID: 20001064 DOI: 10.1063/1.3271651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report compression and decompression experiments of hexagonal ice in a piston cylinder setup in the temperature range of 170-220 K up to pressures of 1.6 GPa. The main focus is on establishing the effect that an increase in compression rate up to 4000 MPa/min has on the phase changes incurred at high pressures. While at low compression rates, a phase change to stable ice II takes place (in agreement with earlier comprehensive studies), we find that at higher compression rates, increasing fractions and even pure ice III forms from hexagonal ice. We show that the critical compression rate, above which mainly the metastable ice III polymorph is produced, decreases by a factor of 30 when decreasing the temperature from 220 to 170 K. At the highest rate capable with our equipment, we even find formation of an ice V fraction in the mixture, which is metastable with respect to ice II and also metastable with respect to ice III. This indicates that at increasing compression rates, progressively more metastable phases of ice grow from hexagonal ice. Since ices II, III, and V differ very much in, e.g., strength and rheological properties, we have prepared solids of very different mechanical properties just by variation in compression rate. In addition, these metastable phases have stability regions in the phase diagrams only at much higher pressures and temperatures. Therefore, we anticipate that the method of isothermal compression at low temperatures and high compression rates is a tool for the academic and industrial polymorph search with great potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Bauer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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41
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Fabbiani FPA, Dittrich B, Florence AJ, Gelbrich T, Hursthouse MB, Kuhs WF, Shankland N, Sowa H. Crystal structures with a challenge: high-pressure crystallisation of ciprofloxacin sodium salts and their recovery to ambient pressure. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b822987b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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